معنای طلاق از دیدگاه فرد مطلقه: یک مطالعه کیفی پدیدارشناسانه

فصلنامه زن و جامعه

مقاله 6، دوره 8، شماره 31، آذر و دی 1396، صفحه 93-116   

نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

شکوه نوابی نژاد¹؛ رزگار محمدی^{* 2}؛ یوسف کریمی³؛ عفت فلاح⁴

¹استاد گروه مشاوره دانشگاه خوارزمی تهران

²دکتری مشاوره دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز

³دانشجوی دکتری مشاوره دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی

⁴دانشجوی دکتری مشاوره دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تنکابن

تاریخ دریافت: 08 آبان 1395،  تاریخ بازنگری: 29 خرداد 1396،  تاریخ پذیرش: 03 بهمن 1396 

چکیده

    زیربنایی‌ترین بعد در شکل‌گیری هر پدیده‌ای معانی ذهنی است. معنایی که فرد مطلقه برای طلاق قائل است بعدی مهم در ساختار این پدیده است. در این راستا هدف از این پژوهش مطالعه کیفی معنای طلاق، از دیدگاه فرد مطلقه و مقایسه دیدگاه مردان و زنان طلاق گرفته در این زمینه است. از میان روش‌های پژوهش کیفی روش پدیدارشناسی برای انجام پژوهش بکار گرفته شده است. 25  نفر (13 زن و 12 مرد) به‌وسیله نمونه‌گیری هدفمند و با استراتژی نمونه‌گیری معیار انتخاب شدند تا اشباع داده‌ها، مصاحبه‌ها ادامه یافت. برای گرد‌آوری داده‌ها از مصاحبه نیمه ساختار یافته استفاده شد. هم‌چنین، برای تحلیل دیدگاه شرکت‌کنندگان از روش تحلیل مضمون استفاده شده است. یافته‌های پژوهش شامل دو مضمون اصلی ادراک معانی طلاق و ابعاد معنایی طلاق بود؛ مضمون ادراک معنایی طلاق به سه خرده مضمون معنای رهایی بخشی طلاق، آخرین چاره بودن طلاق و بار منفی معنایی طلاق تقسیم شد. در مضمون ابعاد معنایی طلاق به سه خرده مضمون معنای اجتماعی، معنای شخصی و معنای جنسیتی طلاق پرداخته شده است؛ مردان و زنان دارای تجربه‌ای یکسان در زمینه معنای طلاق بودند، اما در چگونگی تجربه آن‌ها تفاوت‌هایی وجود داشت. با توجه به پیامدهای طلاق، زنان این پدیده را بیش‌تر منفی معنا کردند. بنابراین، با توجه به نتایج پژوهش می‌توان گفت که طلاق پدیده‌ای چندمعنایی و چندبعدی است که متأثر از شخص، جنسیت، شرایط اجتماعی و فرهنگی فرد می باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

طلاق؛ معنای طلاق؛ فرد مطلقه؛ پدیدارشناسی

عنوان مقاله [English]

Divorce means for divorced person perspective : A phenomenological qualitative study

نویسندگان [English]

Sh Navabi Nejad¹؛ R Mohammadi²؛ Y Karimi³؛ E Fallah⁴

²Shahid Chamran University

³Ph.D. Student , Department of counseling and guidance, Allmeh Tabatabai'e university. Tehran. Iran.

چکیده [English]

    The mental meaning is the most fundamental part of any phenomenon. Meaning that a divorced person has been made for divorce is considered as an important dimension in the structure of this phenomenon. The purpose of this study is to study divorce meaning from divorced people’s perspective and compare divorced men and women’s views in the field. The qualitative research methods and phenomenological method was used to conduct research. The sample size included 25 participants selected by a purposive sampling strategy and the principal criteria sampling. Semi-structured interviews contributed to collect data analyzed by thematic analysis. The results included two themes: semantic perception of divorce and dimension meanings of divorce that each included three sub-themes, the first consisted of liberating sense of divorce, and divorce as the last way and negative meaning of divorce; and the latter included social, personal and gender divorce. Men and women have the same experience in the context of a divorce, but there are differences in how they experience. With regard to the consequences of divorce for women, they interpret this phenomenon more negatively. The result showed that the divorce is a poly semantic and multidimensional phenomenon affected by a person's gender, one’s social and cultural conditions.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

Divorce, Divorce Meaning, Divorced Person, Phenomenology

مراجع

1- Abebe, Y, M. (2015). Lived Experiences of Divorced Women in Rural Ethiopia. A Special Focus in Hulet Ejju Enessie Woreda: Addis Zemen Kebele . International Journal of Political Science and Development. .3(6), 268-281.

2- Akhavan Tafti, M. (2003). Consequences of divorce in transition. Journal of Women's Studies. 3(1). 123-134. [Persian]

3- Al hossaini, F. (2011). Typology of attitudes toward divorce in divorced women. Master's theses, Allameh Tabatabai University of Tehran. [Persian]

4- Amato, P. R. (2014). The consequences of divorce for adults and children: An update. Društvena istraživanja-Časopis za opća društvena pitanja(1), 5-24.

5- Baum, N. (2007). “Separation guilt” in women who initiate divorce. Clinical Social Work Journal, 35(1), 47-55.

6- Birditt, K. S., Brown, E., Orbuch, T. L., & McIlvane, J. M. (2010). Marital conflict behaviors and implications for divorce over 16 years. Journal of Marriage and Family, 72(5), 1188-1204.

7- Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative research in psychology, 3(2), 77-101.

8- Chang, J. (2004). Self-reported reasons for divorce and correlates of psychological well-being among divorced Korean immigrant women. Journal of Divorce & Remarriage, 40(1-2), 111-128.

9- Clarke-Stewart, A., & Brentano, C. (2006). Divorce: Causes and consequences. translate by Sadeghi et all, 2010.Tehran: Paygame Danesh Publication.[Persian]

10- Creswell, J. W. (2013). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches: Sage publications.

11- Diamond, M. (2005). Sex and gender. Nature: From nature to natures: contestation and reconstruction, 3(1), 123.

12- Enayatzade, L. (2009). The study of women's experience of divorce in the Saqiz city: a phenomenological study. Master's theses, Tehran University. [Persian]

13- Fouladi A, & Shah Nemati Kavgani, N. (2015). An Investigation into the Causes of Addiction in Tabriz, East Azerbaijan Province. Journal of Cultural Studies. 6(2). 89-113. [Persian]

14- Gómez-Díaz, J. A. (2011). Fenomenología del divorcio(o la esencia de la separación) en mujeres. Psicologia & Sociedade, 23(2), 391-397.

15- Guest, G., MacQueen, K., & Namey, E. (2012). Themes and codes. Applied thematic analysis, 49-79.

16- Hafarian, L., Aghael, A., Kajbaf, M. B., & Kamkar, M. (2009). The compare between divorced women's quality of life and undivorced women in Shiraz city and the study of Relationship between demographic variables of divorced women and their quality of life. Knowledge & Research in Applied Psychology. 41. 64-86. [Persian].

17- Haydari, H. (2003). Compare the level of depression in women and men since the divorce, not divorce a year later in the city of Varamin. Master's theses, Tarbiat Moallem University of Tehran. [Persian]

18- Kalantari, A. Ravshan Fekr, P. & Javaheri, J. (2011). Over three decades of research the causes of divorce in Iran. Womens Strategic Studie. 53(14). 130-162.

19- Karami, H. (2005). Divorce psychological disorders (anxiety and depression) and academic failure in girls and boys studen’s. Master's theses, Gillan University. [Persian]

20- Lips, H. M. (2017). Sex and gender: An introduction: Waveland Press.

21- Mcknight, B.A. (2009). An exploratory study of  the  experience of individuals cohabitating through the process of divorce. A psychoclinical dissertation presented to the faculty of the California school of professional psychology.

22- Merghati –Khoei. E. S, Zarei. F, Taghdisi. M, H, Rajati, F, & Rahmani, A. (2013). Divorce from a divorcee woman's perspectives: A qualitative study. Journal of qualitative Research in Health Sciences. 2 (3) :234-247. [Persian]

23- Mohammad pur, A. (2014). A Phenomenological Study of Contexts, Consequences and Adaptations to Divorce among Divorced Women of Tehran City. Journal of Counseling and Psychotherapy family. 4(1). 136- 172. [Persian]

24- Moore, V. L., & Schwebel, A. I. (1994). Factors contributing to divorce: A study of race differences. Journal of Divorce & Remarriage, 20(1-2), 123-135.

25- Moustakas, C. (1994). Phenomenological research methods: Sage.

26- Sadeqghi, F, S, & Isari, M. (2012). Gender Analysis of Life after Divorce: a Qualitative Study. Journal of Women in Development & Politics, 10(3). 5-30.

Sadradin Alashrafi, M, Khonakdar Taresi, M,Shamkhani, A, Khonakdar Taresi, 27- M,Shamkhani, A, & Yusefi Afrashte, M. (2012). Divorce pathology (causes) and ways to prevent it. Journal of cultural engineering. 73(7). 27-53. [Persian]

28- Sayf, S. (2004). Comparison of the effects of divorce on the divorced men and women in the US and Iranian. Journal of Family Research. 1(1). 82-104. [Persian]

29- Sharma, B. (2011). Mental and emotional impact of divorce on women: Journal of the Indian academy of applied psychology. vol. 37, No.1, 125-131.

30- Sokolowski, R. (2000). Introduction to phenomenology: Cambridge University Press.

Sprenkle, D. H., & Piercy, F. P. (2005). Research methods in family therapy: Guilford Press.

31- Starks, H., & Brown Trinidad, S. (2007). Choose your method: A comparison of phenomenology, discourse analysis, and grounded theory. Qualitative health research, 17(10), 1372-1380.

32- Statistics Database of national organization for civil registration   https://www.sabteahval.ir./

33- Swanson, L.B. (2004). Phenomenology of divorce for young men. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Utah, Salt Lake City.

34- Thines, G. (2015). Phenomenology and the science of behaviour: An historical and epistemological approach.

35- Van Manen, M. (2016). Researching lived experience: Human science for an action sensitive pedagogy: Routledge.