بررسی موانع توسعه کارآفرینی زنان در ایران با استفاده از فرایند تحلیل سلسله‌مراتبی

فصلنامه زن و جامعه

مقاله 11، دوره 9، شماره 34، شهریور 1397، صفحه 249-274   

نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

عالیه کاظمی^{* 1}؛ بهاره مقیمی²

¹دانشیار دانشکده مدیریت دانشگاه تهران

²کارشناس‌ارشد مدیریت دولتی دانشکده مدیریت دانشگاه تهران

تاریخ دریافت: 29 تیر 1395،  تاریخ بازنگری: 29 مرداد 1397،  تاریخ پذیرش: 23 شهریور 1397 

چکیده

امروزه زنان نقش مهمی در زمینه کسب و کار دارند. یکی از مهم ترین این کسب و کارها کارافرینی است که سهم بسزایی در رشد اقتصادی کشورها دارد و ضروری است که شرایط مناسب برای خوداشتغالی و توسعه کارآفرینی زنان فراهم گردد. بدیهی است که در مسیر توسعه فعالیت­های کارآفرینانه زنان، موانع و مشکلات گوناگونی وجود دارد که شناسایی و رفع آنها منجر به تسهیل کارآفرینی خواهد شد. مطالعه موانع کارآفرینی زنان به شناسایی محدودیت­های موجود، اصلاح مسیر آتی و در نهایت افزایش کارآیی فردی و اجتماعی آنان کمک می­کند. هدف از این پژوهش، شناسایی و اولویت­بندی موانع توسعه کارآفرینی زنان در ایران است. در این راستا، موانع فردی، محیطی، زیربنایی، شروع و ادامه کار، سازمانی و شغلی شناسایی شده و در ادامه این موانع از دیدگاه زنان کارآفرین ایران و اساتید رشته کارآفرینی اولویت­بندی شده­اند. اولویت­بندی موانع از دیدگاه خبرگان، با روش فرایند تحلیل سلسله­مراتبی انجام شده است. نتایج نشان داد مهمترین موانع کارآفرینی زنان، از نظر مردان موانع زیربنایی و از نظر زنان عوامل محیطی است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

کارآفرینی؛ زنان کارآفرین؛ فرایند تحلیل سلسله‌مراتبی

عنوان مقاله [English]

Analysis of Barriers of Improveming Women's Entrepreneurship in Iran Using Analytic Hierarchy Process

نویسندگان [English]

A Kazemi¹؛ B Moghimi²

¹University of Tehran

چکیده [English]

    Nowadays, women have an important role in business. One of the most important businesses is entrepreneurship that has a significant role in economic growth of countries and it is necessary to provide suitable conditions for self-employment and entrepreneurship development for women. It is obvious that there are some barriers and problems that women face on their way towards the development of entrepreneurial activities. Identifying and removing these barriers will lead to facilitating entrepreneurship. So, studying the barriers of women's entrepreneurship is useful for identifying the limitations and modifying the future way. In addition, it can ultimately help to increase personal and social performance. The aim of this study is to identify and prioritize the barriers of the development of women's entrepreneurship in Iran. In this regard, individual barriers, environment, infrastructure, starting and continuing work, organization, and job are identified and these barriers are prioritized from the perspective of Iranian entrepreneurial women and entrepreneurship faculty. Prioritization of barriers were carried out from the perspective of experts, using the hierarchical analysis process method. The results showed that the main barriers of women's entrepreneurship, based on men’s perspectives are basic barriers and based on women’s perspectives are environmental factors.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

Entrepreneurship, Women Entrepreneurs, AHP

مراجع

-        Arasti, Z. and Akbari-Jokar, M.R. (2006). Evaluation of methods to communicate with a network of Iranian women entrepreneurs and their impact on business start-up. Women's Studies Sociological and Psychological, 4: 5-22. (In Persian).

-        Arasti, Z. (2006). Iranian Women Entrepreneurs: The Effective Socio Cultural Structures of Business Start-up.women in development and politics, 4(14): 93-120. (In Persian).

-        Ansari, M., Nabipour, M. and Haghighi, M. (2010). Strategies for removing barriers to women's entrepreneurship in Tehran, Business and Society, 129: 104-114. (In Persian).

-        Aramon, H., Mirghafoori, H. and Zare-Ahmadabadi, H. (2011). The impact of internal and external factors on women's entrepreneurial behavior. Journal of Women and Culture. 3(8): 9-22. (In Persian).

-        Adrian, M. H., Kirouac, S., and Sliwinski, A. (1999). Women entrepreneurship in Canada: All that glitters is not gold, Universal Occasional Paper, 38: 1-13.

-        Albrecht, G.H. (2003). How friendly are family friendly policies?, Business Ethics Quarterly, 13(2): 177-92.

-        Bertaux, N. (2007). Learning about women, Development entrepreneurship, 12(4): 467–478.

-        Cowling, M. and Taylor, M. (2001). Entrepreneurial women and men: Two different species? Small Business Economics, 16(3): 167-175.

-        Collins, O., Moore, D.G. (1970). The organization makers. Englewood Cliffs: Appleton-Century-Crofts.

-        Delmar, F. and Holmquist, C. (2004), Promoting entrepreneurship and Innovative smes in a global economic, The secondOECD conference of ministers responsible for small and medium, towards a more responsible and inclusive globalization, Turkey, 13-29.

-        Demori, D., Nejati, M., Monfared, S. (2009), Identify and rank the fuzzy motivations: study of girl students of economics and TOPSIS entrepreneurship Yazd University student girl with accounting approach, Journal of Women's Studies Sociological and Psychological, 7(21), 7-22 (In Persian).

-        Das, M. (2001). Women entrepreneurs from India: problems, Motivations and success factors. Journal of Small Business and Entrepreneurship, 15(4): 63-84.

-        Ghadermarzi, H., Jamshidi, A.R, Amini, D, Nazari, H., (2015), Identifying the Barriers to Entrepreneurship Development for Rural Women (Case Study: Shalil Village - Ardal County), Scientific Publications System, 5(17), 103-118.

-        Golrad, P. (2008), Productivity of Iranian women entrepreneurs. Journal of Business Research, 12(46): 179-209 (In Persian).

-        Golrad, P. (2007). Characteristics, motivations and goals that encourage women for business development. Journal of Business Research, 11(44): 267-295 (In Persian).

-        Golrad, P. (2004). Designing a model of entrepreneurship development for women in Iran, Islamic Azad university thesis, Science and research Branch (In Persian).

-        Halkias, D, Nwajiuba, C., Harkiolakis, N. and Caracatsanis, S. (2012). Challenges facing women entrepreneurs in Nigeria, Challenges facing women entrepreneurs in Nigeria, Management Research Review, 34(2): 221-235.

-        Hatcher, C., Terjesen, S. and Planck, M. (2007). Towards a new theory of entrepreneurship in culture and gender: A grounded study of Thailand's most successful female entrepreneurs. Australia: AGSE, 337-347.

-        Hisrich, R.D. and Brush, C.G. (1987). Women entreprneurs: A Longitudinal Study, In Frountiers of Entrepreneurial Research, Cambridge, MA: Babson College, 187-199.

-        Javaheri, F., Ghezavati, S. (2004). Effect of gender inequality on women's entrepreneurship in Iran: the obstacles to women's entrepreneurship. Iranian Journal of Sociology, 5(2): 161-178.

-        Javaheri, F, Ghezavati, S. (2008), Barriers to women's entrepreneurship. Business and Society, 102: 74-77. (In Persian).

-        Jozee, N. (2005). Gender justice, women's rights and empowerment. Conference on women entrepreneurs in Commerce, Commerce Research Center, 63-71.

-        Knorr, H. (2011). From top management to entrepreneurship: women's next move? International Journal of Manpower, 32(1): 99-116.

-        Karimian, M.T. and Amir-Latifi, F. (2007). Studying the obstacles and challenges of women entrepreneurship university graduates seeking job in Golestan province. National Conference on Higher Education and Entrepreneurship: Past, Present, Future (In Persian).

-        Gosselin, H. and Grise, J. (1990). Are women owners challenging our definitions of entrepreneurship? An in-depth survey, Journal of business ethics, 9(5): 423-433.

-        Mat, I., Razak, R. (2011). Attributes, Environment Factors and Women Entrepreneurial Activity: A Literature Review, Asian Social Science, 7(9): 124-130.

-        Mathew, V. (2010). Women entrepreneurship in Middle East: Understanding barriers and use of ICT for entrepreneurship development. International Entrepreneurship Management Journal, 6:163–181.

-        Mehregan, M.R. (2004). Advanced Operations Research, Academic book publishing, First Edition. Tehran. (In Persian).

-        Moghimi, M. (2004). Social entrepreneurship. Approach, Number 29: 77-107. (In Persian).

-        Mirghafori, H., Sayadi, H and Taheri, M. (2009). Explanation and analysis of barriers affecting women's entrepreneurship. (Case study: Yazd). Research a change management, 1: 47-64. (In Persian).

-        Niyazi, M. (2008), Sociological analysis of the factors affecting university women's entrepreneurship. Economy, Business and Society, 102: 6-57. (In Persian).

-        Nawaz, F. (2009). Critical Factors of Women Entrepreneurship Development in Rural Bangladesh. Bangladesh Development Research Center (BDRC).

-        Peykarjou, K. and Aliasghary, F. (2008). Organizational entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial organizations. a research, innovation and entrepreneurship, Institute for Strategic Research of the Expediency Council. (In Persian).

-        Roshaniya, D., Khademi, R. and Ghoudi, S. (2015), Challenges and Obstacles of Women's Entrepreneurship, Social, Scientific and Cultural Workers and Society Monthly, 88, 64-74 (In Persian).

-        Rabiei, A., Nazarian, Z, (2013), Studying the Obstacles of Entrepreneurship among Iranian Educated Women, Innovation and Creativity in the Humanities, 2(4), 1-26. (In Persian).

-        Rostamalezadeh. V, A., Jamezadeh, P. (2018), Investigating the Factors Affecting the Success of the Entrepreneurial Women in Tehran, Shaheed Chamran University of Ahwaz, 12(3), 147-172 (In Persian).

-        Sheikhan, N. (2011), Programms for women entrepreneurship develpement in selected countries, Social welfare, 40: 259-286 (In Persian).

-        Saber, F. (2006), The ways to women's Entrepreneurship Development, Third Edition, Intellectuals and women's studies, Tehran (In Persian).

-        Soleimani.N A., Talebi, K. (2016), Reviewing Challenges and Barriers to Women's Entrepreneurship Development in Iran, The First National Congress of Women in Iran (In Persian).

-        Tlaiss, H.A. (2014), Women’s Entrepreneurship, Barriers and Culture: Insights from the United Arab Emirates, The Journal of Entrepreneurship, 23(2), 289–320.

-        Ribes-Giner, G., Moya-Clemente, I., Cervello-Royo, R. and Perello-Marin, M.R. (2018), Domestic economic and social conditions empowering female entrepreneurship, Journal of Business Research, 89, 182–189.

-        Shateriyan, M., Nasrabadi, Z., Mansourian, F. (2017), An Analysis of the Obstacles to Entrepreneurship in Rural Women in Kashan City, Quarterly Journal of Rural Space and Rural Development, 6(21), 181-196 (In Persian).

-        Shastri, R.K. Sinha, A. (2010). The socio-cultural and economic effect on the development of women entrepreneurs (with special reference to India), Asian Journal of Business Management, 2(2): 30-34.

-        Schumpeter, J. (1975). Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy. New York: Harper.

-        Suarez-Ortega, M. and Gálvez-García, R. (2017). Motivations and decisive factors in women's entrepreneurship. A gender perspective in education and professional guidance, Social and Behavioral Sciences 237, 1265 – 1271.

-        Ylienen. P. and Chechurina, H.M. (2001). Perceptions of female entrepreneurship in RUSSIA. 30 Euroupean Small Business Seminar in Ghent, 1-40.

-        Yasori, M, Ghorashi, M. and Vatankhah, J. (2015), Identifying barriers and strategies for entrepreneurship development in rural women in Gurab-e-Pooh district, Rural Quarterly Journal, 6(2), 323-342 (In Persian).