دوگانگیِ ارزش ـ ادب در مسأله‌ی پوشش زن؛ سنجشی واقع‌گرایانه

فصلنامه زن و جامعه

مقاله 9، دوره 9، شماره 35، آذر 1397، صفحه 201-218   

نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

رحیم دهقان سیمکانی^*

استادیار دانشکده الهیات و ادیان، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران.

تاریخ دریافت: 09 اردیبهشت 1396،  تاریخ بازنگری: 15 مهر 1397،  تاریخ پذیرش: 05 آذر 1397 

چکیده

آیا حجاب، از جمله ارزش­های اخلاقی بوده و ریشه در تکوین دارد یا در زمره­ی آداب محسوب شده و به اعتبار و عرف وابسته است؟ پاسخ به این مسأله نیازمند تبیین معیار تمایز آداب از ارزش­ها است. بر اساس تفاوت­های بین ارزش­ها و آداب، معیار تمایز ارزش­ از ادب را می­توان این­گونه دانست؛ هر مقوله­ی ارزشی که 1- مربوط به ساحت درونیِ انسان باشد؛ 2- منشأ تکوینی داشته باشد؛ 3- استدلال­پذیر باشد؛ 4- ارتباط مستقیم با سعادت انسان داشته باشد؛ و 5- مشترک بین همگان باشد؛ ارزش اخلاقی محسوب خواهد شد. در غیر این صورت، به شرط این­که از خصایص آداب برخوردار باشد، باید آن را در زمره­ی آداب قرار داد. این خصایص پنج­گانه در مقوله­ی «حجاب» و پوشش زن وجود دارد. بر این اساس، حجاب، برخلاف آداب، امری وضعی و اعتباری نیست، و حقیقتِ ارزش بودنِ آن به شرایط جوامع بستگی ندارد. این مقاله، ضمن تبیین معیار تمایز آداب از ارزش­ها، تلاش نموده تا با روش تحلیلی و کیفی، با تأکید بر آراء تفسیریِ آیت­الله جوادی آملی، نشان دهد که حجاب ریشه در واقع دارد. از این رو، تلقّی برخی نواندیشان مبنی بر قرار دادن حجاب در زمره­ی آداب و اتّخاذ رهیافت ناواقع­گرایانه در مورد آن، موجّه نیست.

کلیدواژه‌ها

اخلاق؛ آداب؛ ارزش؛ حجاب؛ واقع‌گرایی

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Duality of Custom – Value in Women’s Veil; A Realistic Evaluation

نویسندگان [English]

R Dehghan Simakani

چکیده [English]

Is "hijab" an ethical value rooted in reality or considered as a custom which is related to different communities and traditions? The answer to this question requires a clear criterion for differentiating customs from values. Based on the differences between values and customs, we can say; any value which is original, reasonable, and common to everyone, relates to man's inner dimension, and if it is contacted to humans’ happiness, it is moral value, otherwise it should be placed among customs. These five features exist in the category of "hijab" and therefore hijab is an ethical value. Accordingly, hijab, is rooted in nature and it does not depend on the circumstances of different communities and traditions. This article clarifies the criteria for the distinction between customs and values, and also with a method of analysis, with an emphasis on the views of Ayatollah Javadi Amoli, in an effort to show that "hijab" is a virtue. Hence the belief of those who consider "hijab" as a custom is not acceptable.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

ethics, customs, values, value, realism

مراجع

-        The Holy Quran. (Persian)

-        Alazmah, Aziz (2002), Donya al-Din Fi Hazer Al-Arab, Al-Thaliah Le-Nashir, Beirut.

-        Al-Farahidi, El Khalil ibn Ahmad (1994), Al-Ain, researched by Mohammad Hassan Boka'i, Al-Nashr al-Islami Institute, Qom. (Persian)

-        Al-Zubaidi, Mohammad Morteza (2011), Taj al-Oroos Men Javaher Al-Qamus, Researched by Nawaf al-Jarrah, Dar Sader, Beirut. (Persian)

-        Al-Toraihi, Sheikh Fakhreddin (1408), Majma of Al-Bahrain, V 1, Islamic Culture Publishing, Tehran. (Persian)

-        Amin, Qasim (1990), Tahrir al-Ma'ra'e, Dar-ol-maaref Le-Nashar, Tunis. Persian.

-        Barrow, Robin (2014), An Introduction to Moral Philosophy and Ethical Education, Translated by Farhad Abizadeh, Mehraban Publishing Institute, Tehran. (Persian)

-        Dehkhoda, Ali Akbar (1993), Dehkhoda Dictionary, V 1, Tehran University Press, Tehran. (Persian)

-        Faumiy, Ahmad ibn Mohammad (1984), Mesbah Al-Monir Fi Gharib al-Sharh al-kabir lerrafei, V 2, Dar-ol-hojrah, Qom. (Persian)

-        Holmes, Robert L (2006), the Basics of Ethical Philosophy, Translated by Massoud Oliya, Qoqnoos, Tehran. (Persian)

-        Hussein, Taha (1995), Reason and Religion, Alanmā al-Islami center, Beirut. (Persian)

-        Ibn Manzur, Muhammad (1990), Lisan al-Arab. vol. 1, Darol-fekr, Beirut. Persian.

-        Isfahani, Ragheb (1992), Mofradat alfaz al-Quran, research by Safwan Adnan Davoodi, Dar al-Ghalam, Damascus. (Persian)

-        Javadi Amoli (2011), Abdullah, Judge in Islam, Researched by Hojatoleslam Mustafa Khalili, Asra, Qom. (Persian)

-        Javadi Amoli, Abdollah (1999), Soroush Hedayat (Ayatollah Javadi Amali's Messages Collection), Researched by Seyed Mahmoud Sadeghi, Volume 4, Asra, Qom. (Persian)

-        Javadi Amoli, Abdollah (2007), Sarcheshmeh Andisheh, Volume 3, Researched by Abbas Rahimian Mohaghegh, Isra, Qom. (Persian)

-        Javadi Amoli, Abdullah (1999 b), Religion, Researched by Mohammad Reza Mostafapour, Isra, Qom. (Persian)

-        Javadi Amoli, Abdullah (2000), Principles of Ethics in the Qur'an, Researched by Hossein Shafiei, Asra, Qom. (Persian)

-        Javadi Amoli, Abdullah (2005), Fitrat in the Quran, Researched by Mohammad Reza Mostafapour, Isra, Qom. (Persian)

-        Javadi Amoli, Abdullah (2008 a), Tahrir Tamhid Al-Qawaed, Volume 1, researched by Hamid Parsaniya, Isara, Qom. (Persian)

-        Javadi Amoli, Abdullah (2009 a), Islam and International Relations, Researched by Saeed Bandali, Isra, Qom. (Persian)

-        Javadi Amoli, Abdullah (2009 c), Truth and Taste in Islam, Researched by Mustafa Khalili, Isra, Qom. (Persian)

-        Javadi Amoli, Abdullah (2009 d), woman in a mirror the glory and beauty, researched by Mahmoud Latifi, Isra, Qom. (Persian)

-        Javadi Amoli, Abdullah (2009 e), Shamim Velayat, Researched by Seyyed Mahmoud Sadeghi, Isra, Qom. (Persian)

-        Javadi Amoli, Abdullah (2009 f), Wisdom of Worship, Researched by Hossein Shafiee, Isra, Qom. (Persian)

-        Javadi Amoli, Abdullah (2009 b), Islam and the Environment, Researched by Abbas Rahimian, Isra, Qom. (Persian)

-        Javadi Amoli, Abdullah (2010 a), Tsunim, V 3, V 5, V 6, V 10, V 11, V 13, Researched by Hassan Vaezi, Ahmad Ghasemi, Saeid Bandali Abdolkarim Abedini, Isra, Qom. (Persian)

-        Javadi Amoli, Abdullah (2010 b), Human Interpretation to Humanity, Researched by Mohammad Hussein Elahizadeh, Isara, Qom. Persian.

-        Javadi Amoli, Abdullah (2010 c), Society in the Quran, Researched by Mustafa Khalili, Isra, Qom. (Persian)

-        Javadi Amoli, Abdullah (2010 d), the Secrets of Prayer, Researched by Hossein Shafiee, Isra, Qom. (Persian)

-        Javadi Amoli, Abdullah (2010 e), Human Rights Philosophy, Isra, Qom. Persian.

-        Mehrizi, Mehdi (2006), Hijab, Young Ideas Center, Tehran. (Persian)

-        Mesbah Yazdi, Mohammad Taghi (1998), Morality in the Quran, by the efforts of Mohammad Hussein Eskandari, Imam Khomeini Institute, Qom. (Persian)

-        Mesbah, Mojtaba (2011), Ethics Foundation, Imam Khomeini Institute, Qom. (Persian)

-        Moore, George Edward (2006), Moral Principles, translated by Gholamhossein Tavakoli and Ali Asgari Yazdi, Islamic Center of Science and Culture, Qom.

-        Motahari, Morteza (2008), Hijab Issue, Sadra Publications, Tehran. (Persian)

-        Motahari, Morteza (1998), Education in Islam, Sadra Publications, Tehran. (Persian)

-        Plato (1988), Republic, Translated by Mohammad Hassan Lotfi, Kharazmi, Tehran, Second Edition. Persian. (Persian)

-        Razi, Najmoddin (1986), Mersad al-ibad men Al-mbda va al-mā'ad, Correction by Mohammad Amin Riahi, Scientific publication of Farhangi, Tehran. (Persian)

-        Ross, W. D (2003), The Right and the Good, edited by Philip Stratton Lake, New York, Oxford university press.

-        Shahrur, Muhammad (1998), al-Dawlah and al-Mojtma, al-'Ahali lettba'ya and al-nashr, al-Qa'rah.

-        Sobhani, Hasan (1990), an Attitude to Value Theory, Amir Kabir, Tehran. Persian.

-        Tabarsi, Fazl ibn Hassan (2002), Al-Adab al-Diniyah Lilkhazaen al-Moen'iah, Al-Sharif al-Razi, Qom. (Persian)

-        Tabatabaei, Mohammad Hussein (1992), Almizan fi Tafsir al-Quran, V 6, Ismailian, Qom, Second Edition. (Persian)

-        Toufighi, Hossein (2010), Introduction to Great Religions, Taha Cultural Institute, Qom. (Persian)