رابطه‌ی عوامل اجتماعی و خانوادگی با نگرش زنان به طلاق در شهر قم

فصلنامه زن و جامعه

مقاله 4، دوره 9، شماره 36، بهمن 1397، صفحه 73-96   

نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

ام البنین چابکی^{* 1}؛ منصوره زارعان²

¹دانشیار دانشگاه الزهراء (س) - گروه علوم اجتماعی و توسعه

²استادیار دانشگاه الزهراء (س) - گروه علوم اجتماعی و توسعه

تاریخ دریافت: 16 مرداد 1396،  تاریخ بازنگری: 21 آبان 1397،  تاریخ پذیرش: 13 بهمن 1397 

چکیده

این پژوهش، به نگرش زنان قم نسبت به طلاق و رابطه­ی  آن با عوامل اجتماعی – خانوادگی پرداخته است؛ با این هدف که پیشنهاداتی، برای کنترل برخی عوامل اثرگذار در این زمینه ارایه کند. میزان بالای طلاق در این شهر مذهبی، ضرورت بررسی این پدیده را مورد تأکید قرار می­دهد. این پژوهش توصیفی- تحلیلی بوده و به شیوه­ی پیمایشی انجام گرفته است. جامعه­ی نمونه، متشکل از 400 نفر  است که به روش نمونه­گیری خوشه­ای چند مرحله­ای انتخاب شدند و به پرسش­نامه­ی محقق ساخته پاسخ دادند. برای تجزیه و تحلیل داده­ها، از نرم افزار SPSS 22  استفاده شد. نتایج نشان داد، رابطه­ی بین نگاه زنان به کارکردهای خانواده، پایبندی زنان به ارزش­های مذهبی- اخلاقی، تفاوت سطح زوجین، اختلاف سطح خانواده­های زوجین، شبکه­های حمایتی، استفاده از فضای مجازی، انتظارات زنان از همسر، وجود زن مطلقه در بستگان و آشنایان با  نگرش مثبت زنان نسبت به طلاق، معنادار است. نتایج تحلیل رگرسیون گام به گام نیز نشان داد متغیرهای انتظارات از همسر، وجود زن مطلقه در بین خویشاوندان و آشنایان، استفاده از فضای مجازی و اختلاف عقیده و سطح زوجین بیشترین اثر را بر متغیر وابسته داشته­اند و 2/32 درصد از کل تغییرات متغیر وابسته (نگرش مثبت زنان به طلاق)را تبیین می‌کنند. 

کلیدواژه‌ها

طلاق؛ نگرش؛ زنان؛ قم

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Relationship between Social and Family Factors with Women's Attitude toward Divorce in the City of Qom

نویسندگان [English]

Ommolbanin Chaboki¹؛ Mansoreh zarean²

¹center of women studies

²assistant professor / social science/ Alzahra university

چکیده [English]

This study examines social and family factors affecting on women's attitudes toward divorce in the city of Qom; with the goal of suggestions to control some of the factors influencing the propensity of women to divorce. The high rate of divorce in this religious city, emphasizes to examine this phenomenon. This survey study is descriptive – analytic. Sample population consists of 400 women which were selected through multi-stage cluster sampling technique and responded to the researcher - made questionnaire. For data analysis, SPSS 22 was used. The findings indicate that there are meaningful relationship between independent variables (Women perspective to family functions, Women adherence to moral- religious values, The discrepancy between the spouses, Families' couples gap, Support networks, The use of cyberspace, Women expectations of wife, There divorcee relatives and acquaintances) and dependent variable (Women positive attitude toward divorce). The results of Stepwise Regression analysis also show 4 variables (Women expectations of wife, There divorcee relatives and acquaintances, The use of cyberspace, The discrepancy between the spouses), predict 32/2% of the changes in dependent variable (Women positive attitude toward divorce).

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

divorce attitude women Qom

مراجع

-Amato, P.R, & Deboer, D.D. (2001)." The Transmission Marital Instability Across Generations: Relationship Skills or Commitment to Marriage, Journal of Marriage and Family, 63, 1038- 1051.

- Amato, P.R. & Previti, D. ( July 2003). People’s Reasons for Divorcing: Gender, Social Class, the Life Course, and Adjustment. Journal of Family Issues, 24(5),602-626.

- Basiri, M.A. (Winter 2010)," Effects of Modernism and Globalization on Marriage and Divorce in Senegal". African Research, 1(4), 71-97.

- Berry, D, Bradley, J.D. (2006). The Divorce Source Book; Protect Yourself with Must-Know Information, 3^nd Ed. McGraw- Hill.

-Bostan (Najafi), H. (2011). Sociology of the Family with a View to Islamic Sources. Qom: Research Institute of Hawzah and University. ]in Persian.[

-Bumpass, L. L, Martin, T.C. & Sweet, J.A. (1991). The Impact of Family Background and Early Marital Factors on Marital Disruption, Journal of Family Issues, No.12, 22- 42.

- Call, V.R.; Heaton, T.B. (1997). Religious Influence on Marital Stability. Journal for scientific study of religion, No. 36, 382-392.

-Chaboki, O. (2013). Intergenerational Study of the Relationship between  Women’s Attitude Towards Divorce and Family Functions The Case Study of Women in Tehran City. Studies of Woman and Family. Alzahra University. ]in Persian.[  

-Chaboki, O. (2015). "Intergenerational study of the status of law and ethics in marital interactions, case studies of married women in Tehran", Alzahra University research project. Women's Research Institute. ]in Persian.[

- Cherlin, A. (1992). Marriage Cohabitation, Sexual Behavior, and Childbearing in North America. In: The Peopling of the Americans. Belgium, International Union for the Scientific Study of Population.

- Durkheim, E (2002). On the Division of Social Labor. translated by Bagher Parham, Tehran: Center publication. ]in Persian.[

- Emerson, M.O. (1996). Through Thinned Glasses: Religion,World Views and Attitudes Toward Legalized Abortion. Journal for Scientific Study of Religion, No.35, 4-5.

-Foroutan, S. K. & Milani, M (2008). The Prevalence of Sexual Dysfunction among Divorce requested Referred to Family Courthouse. Daneshvar, Vol 16, 44-39. ]in Persian.[

- Greenstein, T. N. (1990). Marital Disruption and the Employment of Married Women. Journal of Marriage and Family, No.52: 657-676.

- Habibpour Getabi, K & Nazokatabar, H. (Autumn 2011), Divorce Factors in Mazandaran Province. Journal of Strategic Studies in Women, 14(53), 87-127. ]in Persian.[

- Heidari Bigvand, D. & Bakhshi, H. (Spring 2005). Attitude of the population aged 18 to 65 living in the city of Mashhad on divorce and its socio-cultural factors affecting it. Social Science Journal. Faculty of Literature and Human Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, No.5, 45-74. ]in Persian.[

- Hewitt, B. (2008). Marriage Breakdown in Australia: Social Correlates-Gender and Initiator Status. Social Policy Research. Paper.  No. 35.

- Causes of Divorce Increase in the Most Religious City of the Country (2011), In: http://qudsonline.ir/detail/News/6440. ]in Persian.[

-Huber, J. & Spitze, G. (1988). Trends in Family Sociology.  Sage Publications, Newbury.

- Isahaghi, M; Mohebbi, S. F; Sattar, P and Mohammadi, F (autumn 2012). Measurement of Social Factors Affecting the Demand for Women Divorce in Tehran City". Woman in Development and Politics. 10 (3), 97-124. ]in Persian.[

-  Jacuet, S. & Surra, A. (2001). Parental Divorce and Premarital Couples-Commitment and Other Relationship Characteristic. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 63, 627-638.

- Jalilian, Z. (1996). Effective Social Factors on Divorce Application in the City of Tehran, M.s Thesis.  Allameh Tabataba'i University, Faculty of Social Sciences. ]in Persian.[.

-Jones, R.A. (1986). Emile Durkheim; an Introduction to four Major Works. Bevely Hills, CA; Sage publication, 82-114.

-Kapinus, C.A. & Pellerin, L.A. ( 2008). The Influence of Parents, Religious Practices on Young Adults, Divorce Attitudes. Social Science Review, 37, 801-814.

- Karimi, Y. (1997). Social Psychology: Theories, Concepts and Applications. Tehran: Arasbaran Publication. ]in Persian.[

- Khayat Ghiathi, P;,  Moein, L & Rousta, L (autumn 2010). Social Causes of Divorce Tendency Amoung Women Referred to Shiraz Family Court. Women and Society Quarterly, 1(3),77-103. ]in Persian.[

- Kurdek, L. A. (1993). Predicting Marital Dissolution: A 5 Year Prospective Longitudinal Study of Newly Wed Couples. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 64, 221- 242.

- Lahsaeizadeh, A ;  Habib, A, & servatkhah, M. (summer 2012). Surveying the Equivalence of Widowhood and Divorce-related Behavior: A Case Study of Shiraz Women. Specialized quarterly of Social Sciences, 6( 17), 67-92. ]in Persian.[

-Mc Lanahan, S & Bumpass,L (1988). Intergenerational Consequences of Family Disruption. American journal of Sociology, 94,130-152.

- Meshki, M; Moslem, A; Shah Ghasemi, Z & Delshad Noqabi, A (2011). The Study of the Status and Factors Related to Divorce from the Viewpoint of Gonabad's Divorced Couples in the Years 2008-2008. The Quarterly of Ofogh Danesh (the Horizon of Medical Sciences), 17(1). 35-44. ]in Persian.[

- Multafat, H (2002), An Investigation into Effective Factors on Couples' Divorce in Darab. M.s Thesis. Shiraz University, Faculty of Social Sciences. Persian

- Nasrollahi, Z; Ghaffari Golak, M, & Parva, A. A. (2013). The Determinants of Divorce in Iran, Emphasizing Economic Factors. Women's Social Psychological Studies. 11(4),165--186. ]in Persian.[ 

- Poortman, A. R. (2005). Women’s Work and Divorce Matter of Anticipation? A Research Note. European Sociological Review, 21(3), 301- 309.

- Qarib Blok,S;  Seyedan, F, & Bastani, S. (2013). Assessment of Relationship between Religiosity and Attitudes toward Divorce (among Married Employees of Governmental Universities of Qom City). M.s Thesis. Faculty of Social and Economic Sciences. ]in Persian.[

-  Riahi, M. E;, Aliverdi Nia, A and Bahrami, S. (2007). Sociological Analysis of the Divorce Rate in Kermanshah City. Quarterly Journal of Women's Studies. 3 (19), 109-140. ]in Persian.[

- Ritzer, G. (1995). Contemporary Sociological Theory. Translated by: Mohsen Salasi, Tehran: Elmi Publishing. ]in Persian.[

- Rootalu , K, a & Kasearua, K. (2016). Adolescents’ Attitudes Toward Divorce: Does Parental Influence Matter in a Changing Society. Journal of Divorce & Remarriage.  Vol. 57, Issue 3, PP.  195-211.

-  Saadipour, E & others. (2011). Measuring Media Exposure with an emphasis on television. Tehran: Research Center for the Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting. ]in Persian.[

-  Saroukhani, B. (2006). Introduction to Family Sociology. Eighth Edition, Tehran: Soroush Publication. Persian

-  Segalan, M. (1991). Historical Sociology of the Family.translated by Hamid Elyasi. Tehran: Center publication. ]in Persian.[

- Simmel, G. ( 1965). Secrecy and Group Communication, In : Parsons,T. Theories of Society , The free Press, 318-330.

- Simon, H. D. (2008). Marriage Burn out. in:  http://utahmarriage.org.

- South, S. J. (1985). Economic Conditions and the Divorce Rate: A Time- Series Analysis of the Postwar United States. Journal of Marriage and Family, 47(1), 31-41.

- Statistical Yearbook of Qom Province. (2011). Second chapter, Population. ]in Persian.[

- Young, M.E; Long, L.L. (2007). Counseling and Therapy for Couples. 2nd Ed.