بررسی تطبیقی جایگاه حقوق ‏شهروندی زنان در قانون ‏اساسی و منشور حقوق‏ شهروندی جمهوری اسلامی ایران

فصلنامه زن و جامعه

مقاله 6، دوره 10، شماره 38، مرداد 1398، صفحه 119-148   

نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

زهرا جهانگیر^{* 1}؛ محمدکاظم کاوه پیشقدم²

¹دانشجوی دکتری، گروه علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد شهرضا، شهرضا،ایران

²دکتری، گروه علوم سیاسی، استادیار، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد شیراز، شیراز، ایران.

تاریخ دریافت: 20 مرداد 1397،  تاریخ بازنگری: 23 تیر 1398،  تاریخ پذیرش: 07 مرداد 1398 

چکیده

حقوق‏شهروندی‏زنان به‏عنوان یکی از اساسی‏ترین مفاهیم حقوقی، مجموعه‏ای از حقوق مدنی، سیاسی و اجتماعی است که زنان به‏واسطه­ی عضویت در جامعه و برقراری رابطه با دولت از آن بهره‏مند می‏شوند. در جمهوری اسلامی ایران این حقوق توسط قانون‏اساسی، منشور حقوق‏شهروندی و سایر قوانین و مقررات مورد حمایت قرار گرفته است. هدف این پژوهش بر مبنای نظریه‏ی حقوق‏شهروندی تی. اچ مارشال، بررسی تطبیقی جایگاه مفهوم حقوق‏شهروندی زنان و نیز پی بردن به حقوق مدنی، سیاسی و اجتماعی آنان در دو سند قانون‏اساسی و منشور حقوق‏شهروندی و هم‏چنین عوامل محدودکننده‏ی این مفهوم در هر دو سند حقوقی است. این پژوهش درصدد است تا با روش پژوهش توصیفی و تحلیل محتوای دو سند به صورت اسنادی و کتابخانه‏ای اصول مربوط به حقوق زنان را استخراج نموده و پس از توصیف و تفسیر وضعیت کنونی این اصول به بیان نتایج عینی و کیفی از موقعیت بپردازد. نتایج حاصل از این پژوهش نشان می‏دهد که مفهوم حقوق‏شهروندی‏زنان دارای جایگاه برتر در قانون‏اساسی نسبت به سند منشور حقوق‏شهروندی است. عامل محدودکننده­ی مفهوم حقوق‏شهروندی‏زنان لزوم رعایت شرط مشخص شده از جمله عدم اخلال در مبانی اسلام، عدم مخالفت با اسلام در اصول و مواد هر دو سند است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

زن؛ حقوق‏شهروندی زنان؛ قانون‏اساسی؛ منشور حقوق‏شهروندی

عنوان مقاله [English]

Comparative Study of the Status of Women's Citizenship Rights in the Constitution and the Charter on Citizens’ Rights of the Islamic Republic of Iran

نویسندگان [English]

Zahra Jahangir¹؛ Mohammad Kazem Kaveh Pishghadam²

¹Department of Political Science, Faculty of Humanities, Islamic Azad University of Shahreza, Shahreza, Iran

چکیده [English]

Women's citizenship rights as one of the most fundamental legal concepts, are a collection of civil, political, and social rights that women benefit through membership in the community and establishing relationships with the state. In the Islamic Republic of Iran, these rights are protected by the Constitution, the charter on citizens’ rights and other laws and regulations. This research aims are based on the theory of citizenship rights t. H. Marshall, a comparative study of the status of the concept of women's citizenship rights and the recognition of their civil, political and social rights in both the constitution and civil rights charter, as well as the limiting factors of this concept in both legal documents. This research aims to extract the principles of women's citizenship rights through descriptive research and analysis of the contents of the two documents in a documentation and library form, it expresses the objective and qualitative results of the situation. The results of this study show that the concept of women's citizenship rights has a higher status in the constitution than the charter on citizens’ rights. the factor limiting the Concept of Women's Citizenship Rights the need for observance of the specified conditions, including the non-disturbance of the principles of Islam, non-opposition to Islam, etc. that are principles in both documents.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

Women, Women's citizenship rights, Constitution, Charter on Citizens’ Rights

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