رفتار باروری زنان ایران همگام با فرایند تحولات خانواده در سه دهه‌ی گذشته

فصلنامه زن و جامعه

مقاله 15، دوره 10، شماره 39، آبان 1398، صفحه 255-276   

نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

بتول صیفوری¹؛ غلامرضا حسنی^{* 2}؛ علی اکبر مجدی³؛ مهدی کرمانی³

¹دانشجوی دکتری جامعه شناسی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد.

²استادیار جمعیت شناسی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

³استادیار جامعه شناسی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد.

تاریخ دریافت: 15 فروردین 1395،  تاریخ بازنگری: 04 اسفند 1397،  تاریخ پذیرش: 15 مهر 1398 

چکیده

در این مقاله تحولات مربوط به باروری زنان در خانواده از سال 1360 تا 1390 با استفاده از روش تحلیل ثانویه­ی آمار، اسناد و مدارک جمعیتی تحلیل‌ شده است.نرخ رشد سالانه جمعیت کشور ایران در سال 1365 حدود 3.9% بوده که در سال 1390 به 1.3 درصد کاهش‌یافته؛ در چنین وضعیتی انتظار می­رفت میزان رشد تعداد خانوارها متناسب با کاهش رشد جمعیت رو به افول بگذارد؛ درحالی‌که نرخ رشد سالانه­ی تعداد خانوارها در سال­های 1365 تا 75 حدود 2.51 درصد است که در مقایسه با سال 1390 حدود 3.89 درصد افزایش داشته است. هم­چنین آمار مربوط به بعد خانوار نیز طی این سه دهه به ترتیب از 5.11 به 4.05 و 3.54 کاهش‌ یافته است. بر اساس نظریه­ی گذار جمعیتی دوم نشان از ورود ارزش­های مدرنیسم و مظاهر آن (فردگرایی، صنعتی شدن و شهرنشینی) نظیر خانواده­ی تک والد، تک‌فرزند، زوج زیستی و همباشی در کنار رشد پدیده­ی طلاق دارد. در حال حاضر خانوارهای دارای جمعیت 7 نفر به بالا با سهم 2 درصدی از کل جمعیت در حال محو شدن هستند، نرخ رشد خانوارهای 3 تا 4 نفره که نیمی از جمعیت ایران را تشکیل می­دادند نیز رو به کاهش است و در مقابل خانوارهای تک‌نفره با سهم 7 درصدی در حال افزایش می­باشند. می­توان نتیجه گرفت که طی سه دهه­ی اخیر کاهش ترجیح باروری، میل به زندگی مجردی و تشکیل خانوارهای مستقل پیش از ازدواج در کنار عامل دیگری به نام طلاق باعث کاهش بُعد خانوار و افزایش تعداد خانوارها شده که نشان‌دهنده‌ی ورود ارزش­های مدرنیسم به عرصه­ی خانواده­ی ایرانی است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

نرخ باروری؛ خانواده؛ خانوار؛ تحولات خانواده

عنوان مقاله [English]

Women's Reproductive Behavior with the Family Transformation Process in the Past Three Decades

نویسندگان [English]

Batool Seifoori¹؛ Gholamreza Hasani darmian²؛ Aliakbar Majdi³؛ mahdi kermani³

¹Ph.D. student of sociology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad

²Assistant Professor of Sociology of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Department of Social Sciences, Faculty of Letters and Humanities

³Assistant Professor of Sociology of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Department of Social Sciences, Faculty of Letters and Humanities.

چکیده [English]

In this article, the changes of the fertility of women in the family from 1981 to 2011 have been analyzed by using demographic documents or the secondary analysis of statistics. According to available statistics, the annual growth rate of Iran's population in 1986 was reported at 3.9%, which fell to 1.3% in 2011. In such a situation, the number of households expected to grow in line with the decline in population growth, while statistical evidence suggests that the annual growth rate of households in the 1996-86 period was only 2.51% that is up by 3.89 percent compared to 2011. During these three decades, household households also respectively dropped from 5.11 to 4.05 and 3.54. The theoretical analysis of such a situation, based on the theory of the transition of the second population, indicates the introduction of the values of modernism and its manifestations (individualism, industrialization and urbanization), such as the single parent, single child, biological couple, and the same as the growth of the divorce phenomenon. According to this theory, the findings of the present study indicate that households with a population of 7 people are now fading with a 2% share of the total population, the growth rate of 3 to 4-person households, accounting for half of Iran's population, is also decreasing and rising to 7% in single-person households. According to these findings, it can be concluded that during the last three decades, the reduction of fertility preference, the desire for single life and the formation of independent pre-marital households, along with a further factor called divorce, has reduced household size and increased the number of households. It shows the arrival of the values of modernism in the realm of Iranian homeland.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

fertility rates, family, households, family changes

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