تحلیلی بر علل گرایش به اقتصاد غیررسمی در شهرهای مرزی با تأکید بر اشتغال کولبری (مطالعه موردی: شهر سردشت)

فصلنامه علمی و پژوهشی پژوهش و برنامه ریزی شهری

مقاله 16، دوره 12، شماره 47، اسفند 1400، صفحه 271-286   

نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.30495/jupm.2022.4105

نویسندگان

افشین متقی دستنایی^{* 1}؛ مهتاب امرایی²؛ آرش قربانی سپهر³

¹دانشیار گروه جغرافیای سیاسی، دانشگاه خوارزمی، تهران، ایران.

²دانشجوی دکتری جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی شهری، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران.

³دانشجوی دکتری جغرافیای سیاسی، دانشگاه خوارمی، تهران، ایران.

تاریخ دریافت: 03 اردیبهشت 1399،  تاریخ بازنگری: 22 اردیبهشت 1399،  تاریخ پذیرش: 22 اردیبهشت 1399 

چکیده

مقدمه: یکی از مهم‌ترین مشاغل غیررسمی در شهرهای مرزی ایران اشتغال کولبری است. هم اکنون با توجه به شرایط اقتصادی در شهر سردشت کولبری به­عنوان شغل بیش‌تر مردم فقیر این شهر در حال افزایش است. این پژوهش به بررسی و تحلیل علل اقتصادی گرایش مردمان شهر سردشت به اشتغال کولبری می­پردازد.
روش: نوع پژوهش، کاربردی و روش پژوهش توصیفی – تحلیلی است. برای گردآوری داده­ها از روش­های کتابخانه­ای، منابع الکترونیکی و مطالعات میدانی مصاحبه و پرسش‌نامه محقق­ساخته استفاده شده است. تعدا 160 نفر از کولبران شهر سردشت بر اساس نمونه­گیری گلوله برفی به­عنوان نمونه پژوهش انتخاب شدند. تجزیه و تحلیل یافته­ها از طریق نرم­افزار SPSS 26 و با استفاده از درصد و فراوانی و آزمون خی دو و پایایی پرسش‌نامه با استفاده از آلفای کرونباخ (مقدار 0.70) صورت گرفت.
یافته­ها: نتایج بدست آمده از آزمون خی دو حاکی از آن است که بین علت اشتغال به کولبری و متغیرهای؛ جنسیت، محل تولد، علت مهاجرت به شهر، تعداد اعضای خانوار، سطح تحصیلات، نوع کالاهای که عمدتاً حمل شده، مخارج ماهیانه، روش آشنایی و ورود به شغل کولبری و نوسانات درآمدی شغل کولبری در فصول گوناگون رابطه­ای معنادار وجود ندارد، اما بین علت گرایش به کولبری و سن، شغل قبلی هم‌چنین، متغیرهای؛ وضعیت تأهل، حقوق ماهیانه، منبع درآمدی دوم و جدای از کولبری، شغل آتی، امنیت شغلی، رضایت شغلی و مدت اشتغال به کولبری با علل گرایش به کولبری رابطه­ای معنادار وجود دارد.
نتیجه­گیری: نتایج بدست آمده از رگرسیون خطی چند متغیره نشان می­دهد که 35 درصد از تغییرات متغیر وابسته ناشی از متغیرهای مستقلی است که وارد مدل نهایی تحلیل شده­اند و مقدار آزمون برای تعیین معناداری اثر متغیرهای مستقل بر میزان علل گرایش به اشتغال کولبری 000/0 با سطح معنی­داری 95/0 است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

اشتغال غیررسمی؛ شهر مرزی؛ کولبری؛ سردشت

عنوان مقاله [English]

An Analysis of the Causes of the Tendency Towards Informal Economy in Border Cities with Emphasis on Coolbury Employment (Case study: Sardasht City)

نویسندگان [English]

Afshin Mottaghi¹؛ Mahtab Amraie²؛ arash ghorbani sepehr³

¹Associate professor of political geography, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran.

²Ph.D. student of Geography and Urban Planning, Zanjan University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran.

³Ph.D. student of Political Geography, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran.

چکیده [English]

Introduction: One of the most important informal occupations in the border cities of Iran is Culbery employment. At present, due to the economic conditions in the city of Sardasht, Colberry is increasing as the job of the majority of the poor people of this city. The present study investigates and analyzes the economic reasons for the tendency of the people of Sardasht to work in Culbery.
Method: The type of research is applied and the research method is descriptive-analytical. Library methods, electronic resources and field studies, interviews and researcher-made questionnaires were used to collect information and data. A total of 160 Colbranes from Sardasht were selected as the research sample based on snowball sampling. Findings were analyzed using SPSS 26 software using percentage and frequency and chi-square test and reliability of the questionnaire using Cronbach's alpha (value 0.70).
Results: The results of the chi-square test indicate that there is a difference between the reason for employment with Culbery and the variables; There is no significant relationship between gender, place of birth, reason for migrating to the city, number of family members, level of education, type of goods mainly transported, monthly expenses, way of getting acquainted and entering the Culbery job and income fluctuations of the Culbery job in different seasons. But between the cause of colibri tendency and age, the previous job is also variable; There is a significant relationship between marital status, monthly salary, second source of income and apart from Culbery, future job, job security, job satisfaction and duration of Culbery employment with the reasons for inclination to Culbery.
Conclusion: The results of multivariate linear regression show that 35% of the dependent variable changes are due to independent variables that have been entered into the final model and the test value to determine the significance of the effect of independent variables on the causes of Culbery employment tendency 0.000 With a significance level of 0.95.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

Informal Working, border city, Coolbury, Sardasht

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