اثربخشی شناخت درمانی مبتنی بر ذهن آگاهی بر احساس تنهایی و بهزیستی روانشناختی مادران مطلقه

فصلنامه زن و جامعه

مقاله 6، دوره 11، شماره 42، تیر 1399، صفحه 105-122   

نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

بهار درفشی¹؛ مریم زرنقاش^{* 2}

¹گروه روانشناسی بالینی، دانشکده روانشناسی، واحد مرودشت ،دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی ، مرودشت، ایران

²استادیارگروه روانشناسی بالینی، دانشکده روانشناسی، واحد مرودشت، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی ، مرودشت، ایران

تاریخ دریافت: 18 تیر 1398،  تاریخ بازنگری: 05 آبان 1398،  تاریخ پذیرش: 14 اردیبهشت 1399 

چکیده

امروزه یکی از مشکلات جوامع موضوع طلاق می باشد ، که باعث از هم پاشیدگی خانواده ها و ایجاد مشکلات متعدد روانی در مادران ، پدران و کودکان این خانواده ها هستیم. هدف از پژوهش حاضر بررسی اثربخشی شناخت درمانی مبتنی بر ذهن‌آگاهی بر‌ افزایش بهزیستی روانشناختی، کاهش احساس تنهایی مادران مطلقه می‌باشد. طرح این پژوهش، طرح آزمایشی کامل با پیش آزمون- پس آزمون با گروه کنترل بود. بدین منظور28 نفر از مادران مطلقه که حضانت فرزندانشان را پس از طلاق بر عهده داشتند به طور تصادفی از بین تعداد زیادی از مادران مطلقه ی شهر شیراز انتخاب شدند. پس از ارئه‌ی توضیحات لازم و کسب رضایت از آنان جهت شرکت در پژوهش، 14‌نفر در گروه آزمایش و 14 نفر در گروه کنترل قرار داده شدند و پرسشنامه‌های احساس تنهایی UCLA و بهزیستی روانشناختی ریف پیش از شروع درمان توسط شرکت کنندگان تکمیل و سپس 8 جلسه شناخت درمانی مبتنی بر ذهن آگاهی روی گروه آزمایش اجرا گردید. گروه کنترل مداخله ای دریافت ننمود. پس از جمع‌آوری اطلاعات داده‌ها با استفاده از نرم‌افزار SPSS مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفت.نتایج حاصل از تحلیل واریانس نمرات افتراقی پیش‌آزمون و پس‌آزمون نشان داد که بین گروه آزمایش و گروه کنترل در دو متغیر بهزیستی روانشناختی و احساس تنهایی تفاوت معنی‌داری وجود داشت. در نتیجه ، شناخت درمانی مبتنی بر ذهن‌آگاهی به طور معنی داری منجر به کاهش احساس تنهایی و افزایش بهزیستی روانشناختی مادران مطلقه شد

کلیدواژه‌ها

شناخت درمانی مبتنی بر ذهن‌آگاهی؛ بهزیستی روانشناختی؛ احساس تنهایی

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effectiveness of Mindfulness based Cognitive Therapy on loneliness and psychological well-being of mothers of divorced

نویسندگان [English]

Bahar Derafshi¹؛ maryam Zarnaghash²

¹Department of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Islamic Azad university, Marvdasht, Iran

²Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Marvdaht Branch, Islamic Azad university, Marvdasht, Iran

چکیده [English]

Today, one of the problems of societies is the issue of divorce, which leads to the disintegration of families and the creation of multiple psychological problems in mothers, fathers and children of these families. The present study is about the effectiveness of mindfulness based cognitive therapy in increasing psychological well-being, reducing loneliness of divorced mothers. The design of this research was a complete experimental design with pretest-posttest with control group. It was conducted on 28 divorced mothers who were randomly selected among mothers of school children in shiraz. Then they divided in to two experimental and control groups. After 8 sessions of therapy for 2 hours on the experimental group, the post test was taken from them.and data analysis with SPSS software.The results of variance analysis of differential pre- test and post- test scores showed that there was a significant difference between the experimental group and the control group in the two variables of psychological well-being and loneliness .According to the findings of this study, mindfulness based cognitive therapy significantly reduced loneliness and increased psychological well-being of divorced mothers.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

Mindfulness based cognitive therapy, Psychological well-being, loneliness, Divorced mothers

مراجع

-Ahmadvand, Z., Heidari Naseb, L., Shayiri,  M.(2011). Explaining psychological well-being based on the components of mind-consciousness. Psychology of Health. 1, 2, 60-69.

-Anderson, C.,A. (1999).  Attributional style, Depression, and loneliness:1999, A cross- cultural comparison of American and Chinese students..

-Argyle, M. & Hills, P. (2000). Religious experience and their relation with happiness and personality. The international journal for the psychology of religion .2000,  (10), 157-172.

-Baer,  R., A.(2003). Mindfulness traning as a clinical intervention : A conceptual and empirical review. Clinical psychology. 10, 125-143.

-Bauer. J., & Mulder, R.. (2006). Upvard Feedback and ist contribution to Employs Feeling of self- Determination. Journal of work plays learning. 18 (7/8). 509-515

-Bayani, A., Mohammad Koochekya, A., Bayani, A.(2008). Reliability and Validity of Ryff’s Psychological Well-being Scales . IJPCP. 14 (2) :146-151

-Brown, W. K., & Ryan, R. M. (2003). The benefits of being present: mindfulness and its role in psychological well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84, 822-848.

-Brown, K. W., & Ryan, R. M. (2004). Perils and promise in defining and measuring mindfulness: Observations from experience. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 11(3), 242-248.

-Byron, N (2006), Mindfulness Skills, Clinical Psychologist, Australia

-Carmody, J. & Baer, R. A. (2007). Relationships between mindfulness, medical and psychological symtoms and well-being in a mindfulness- based stress reduction program. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 31, 23-33.

-Day, M. A., & Thorn, B. E. (2017). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for headache pain: An evaluation of the long-term maintenance of effects. Complementary therapies in medicine, 33, 94-98.

-Emanuel, A. S.,  Updegraff, J. A., Kalmbach ,A.  D., Ciesla, J. A.(2010). "The role of mindfulness facets in affective forecasting", Personality and Individual differences, 49.815-818.

-Esmaili,M., Basiri, N & Kheir, Z. (2016). The Effectiveness of Mindfulness-Based Therapy on Increasing the Psychological Well-Being of Mothers of Children with Learning Disabilities, Journal of Learning Disabilities, Volume 6, Number 1 pp. 26 to 39.

-Farzadfar, M.(2006). The Effect of Fordiez Happiness Training on Depression in Depressed Women in Isfahan, M.Sc. in General Psychology, Islamic Azad University, Khorasgan Branch.

-Forkman T, Wichers M, Geschwind N, Peaters F, Van osj, Mainz V, et al. (2014). Effects of mindfulness- based cognitive therapy on self reported suicidal ideation . 55(8): 1883-90.

-Godfrin, K. A., & vanHeeringen, C. (2010).  The effects of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on re-currence of depressive episodes, mental health and quality of life: A randomized controlled study. Behav Res Ther ,48(8), 738-46.

-Gram, K (2015). Comparison of psychological well-being between divorced women and married women, First Conference of Psychology and Education Sciences, Shiraz Higher Institute of Science and Technology Shiraz.

-Hazlett-Stevens, H. (2012). Mindfulness-based stress reduction for comorbid anxiety and depression: Case reportand clinical considerations. J Nerv MentDis, 211( ),999- 11 . H

-Henwood, P. G., & Solano, C. H. (1994). Loneliness in young children and their parents. The Journal of Genetic psychology, 155, 33-45.

-Hoffman, C. J., Ersser, S. J., Hopkinson, J. B., Nicholls, P. G., Harrington, J. E., & Thomas, P. W. (2012). Effectiveness of mindfulness-based stress reduction in mood, breast- and endocrine-related quality of life, and well-being in stage 0 to III breast cancer: a randomized, controlled trial. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 30, 1335–1342.

-Junkin, S. E.(2007). Yoga and self-esteem: exploring change in middle-age women [Dissertation]. Saskatoon, Canada; University ofSaskatchewan, 42-46.

-Kabat-Zinn  J. Wherever you go, There you are : Mindfulness-meditation in everyday life.1994,  New York: Hyperion

-Kaviani H., Javaheri F., Bahirai B. (2005). The Effectiveness of MBCT Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy in Reducing Negative Self-Conscious Thinking and Ineffective Approach, Depression and 60-Day Follow-up Anxiety Journal of Cognitive Science Magazine.

-Khoyi Nejad, Gh., Rajayi, A & Moheb Rad, T. (2007) The Relationship between Perceived Parenting Styles and Young Adolescents' Loneliness, Knowledge and Research in Applied Psychology, 9 (34), 75-95.

-Lali Faz, A., Askari, A A. (2008). The Power of Predicting Perceived Parenting Styles and Demographic Variables on Student Girls' Loneliness, Principles of Mental Health. 1 (1), 78-71.

-Lengacher, C. A., Reich, R. R., Post-White, J., Moscoso, M., Shelton, M. M., Barta, M & Budhrani, P.(2012) .Mindfulness based stress reduction in post-treatment breast cancer patients: An examination of symptoms and symptom clusters. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 35, 86–94.

-Mackay M.)2008). Hand book of research method in abnormal and clinical psychology. New York: Guilford Press;342-

-Moghtader, L. (2016). The Effectiveness of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy on Rat Disorder, Ineffective Attitude and Negative Self-Contingent Thoughts in Patients with General Anxiety. Urmia Medical Journal, 27, 825-835.

-Mirbagheri, M. (2016). Meeting on Social Investigation in Leadership. (Etemad newspaper.   http://etemadnewspaper.ir/?News_Id=40452

-Narimani, M., Ariapur, S., Abolghasemi, A & Ahadi, B. (2011). The Effectiveness of Mindfulness and Emotion Regulation Training on Physical and Psychological Well-being of Chemical Veterans, Journal of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Volume 15, Number 5, pp. 347-356.

-Pallant, J. F., & Lae, L. (2002). Sense of coherence, well-being, coping and personality factors: further evaluation of the sense of coherence scale. Personality and individual differences, 33(1), 39-48.

-Pasha, Gh.& Ismaili,  S .(2007). The comparision of anxiety, self –assertiveness, loneliness and academic performance in normal students and students with semifamily in Khoozestsn.New Results in Psychology. 1(4(,22-35

-Rostami, B.,  Moin, Z.,  Kamalian, T., Fakoor, E & Amini, K.(2016). Relationship of loneliness with social self-efficacy in male students in households with temporary father attendance at home.Educational psychology journal. 8, 7, ( 2), 87-96.

-Ryff  C D. Happiness is everything, or is it? Exploration on the meaning of psychological well being. Journal of personality and social psychology, 1989,  57, 1069-1081.

-Segal, Z. V., & Teasdale, J. (2018). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for depression. Guilford Publications.

-Shapiro, S. L., Brown, K. W., & Biegel, G. M. (2007). Teaching self-care to caregivers: Effects of mindfulness-based stress reduction on the mental health of therapists in training. Training and education in professional psychology, 1(2), 105.

-Le, T. N. (2014). Mindfulness-based adventure camp for military youth. Journal of Extension, 52(2), 1-10.

-Wickrama, S. KA. & Lorenz, O. F. & Conger. D. R. & Elder, H. G. & Abraham, T. W. & Fang, A. sh. (2006). Changes in family financial circumstance and the physical health of married and recently divorced mothers. Social science & Medicine. 63 (1) : 123-136.

-Zarnagash, M., Mehrabizadeh Honarmand,  M., Beshlideh,  K., Davodi,   I  & Marashi, A.(2016) The Effectiveness of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction on Quality of Life and Resiliency of Amputee Veterans Spouses. Journal Management System. 23,83-98.

-Zarnagash, M., Mehrabizadeh Honarmand, M., Beshlideh, K., Davodi,   I  & Marashi A. (2019). Effect of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) on anxious thoughts of wives of veterans with amputation. Iranian Journal of War & Public Health.; 11(2): 79-83