تحلیل وضعیت جمعیتی، اجتماعی و اقتصادی خانوارهای زن ‌سرپرست در ایران

فصلنامه زن و جامعه

مقاله 1، دوره 12، شماره 47، آبان 1400، صفحه 1-18   

نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.30495/jzvj.2021.25575.3320

نویسندگان

داود شهپری ثانی^{* 1}؛ رسول صادقی²؛ جواد حدادی³؛ راضیه خواجه نژاد⁴؛ محمدرضا حسینی⁵؛ حسین محمودیان²

¹دانشجوی مقطع دکترا رشته جمعیت‌شناسی، گروه جمعیت‌شناسی، دانشکده علوم اجتماعی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.

²دانشیار گروه جمعیت‌شناسی، دانشکده علوم اجتماعی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.

³کارشناس ارشد جمعیت‌شناسی، گروه جمعیت‌شناسی، دانشکده علوم اجتماعی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.

⁴کارشناس ارشد جمعیت شناسی، گروه جمعیت شناسی، دانشکده علوم اجتماعی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.

⁵استادیار گروه جامعه شناسی، دانشکده علوم اجتماعی، دانشگاه آیت الله بروجردی، بروجرد، ایران.

تاریخ دریافت: 07 مرداد 1399،  تاریخ بازنگری: 05 خرداد 1400،  تاریخ پذیرش: 23 آبان 1400 

چکیده

چکیده
هدف: مقاله پیش­رو بر آن است تا با رویکردی توصیفی ـ تحلیلی و با استفاده از داده‌های خام و دو درصد سرشماری سال 1395، وضعیت جمعیتی، اجتماعی و اقتصادی خانوارهای زن‌سرپرست در ایران را مورد بررسی قرار دهد.
روش­: این پژوهش ازلحاظ هدف، کاربردی و از لحاظ روش بررسی، توصیفی _­ تحلیلی است که در آن به تجزیه‌ و تحلیل داده‌ها به‌صورت مقطعی پرداخته شده است. منابع داده‌ها شامل داده­های خام دو درصد سرشماری سال 1395 است که توسط مرکز آمار ایران گردآوری‌شده. آزمون‌های مجذور خی­دو در مورد ارتباط متغیرها با جنسیت سرپرست خانوار انجام شد. درنهایت، داده­ها با استفاده از مدل رگرسیونی لوجیت تحلیل شدند.
یافته­ها: نتایج نشان داد که نسبت زنان سرپرست خانوار در کشور طی دو دهه اخیر افزایش 3/4 درصدی داشته است. استان‌های سیستان بلوچستان و کردستان به ترتیب بیشترین و کمترین درصد زنان سرپرست خانوار را دارند. این افزایش برای خانوارهای تک‌نفره زن‌سرپرست نیز بوده است. بیشترین درصد این خانوار در استان­ خراسان جنوبی و کمترین آن در استان کهگیلویه و بویراحمد بوده‌اند. بیش از 27 درصد خانوارهای زن‌سرپرست، هیچ فرد باسوادی در خانوار خود نداشته­اند. همچنین86 درصد زنان ‌سرپرست بیکار و 14 درصد آن‌ها شاغل بودند که در مقایسه با مردان سرپرست خانوار، شکاف گسترده‌ای بین این دودسته از خانوارها وجود دارد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

جمعیت؛ تغییرات جمعیتی؛ خانوار؛ خانوار زن‌سرپرست؛ ایران

عنوان مقاله [English]

Analysis of the demographic, social and economic situation of female-headed households in Iran

نویسندگان [English]

davoud shahpari sani¹؛ rasoul sadeghi²؛ javad hadadi³؛ raziyeh khajenexad⁴؛ mohammadreza hosseini⁵؛ hossien mahmoudian²

¹Ph.D. Student of Demography, Department of Demography, Faculty of Social Science, University Of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.

²Associate Professor, Department of Demography, Faculty of Social Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

³. Master of Science Demography, Department of Demography, Faculty of Social Science, University Of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.

⁴Master of Science Demography, Department of Demography, Faculty of Social Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.

⁵Assistant Professor, Department of Sociology, Faculty of Social Science, University of Ayatollah Borugerdi, Borugerd, Iran.

چکیده [English]

The leading article aims to examine the demographic, social, and economic situation of female-headed households in Iran with a descriptive-analytical approach and using raw data of two percent of the 2016 census. The results showed that the proportion of these women in the country has increased by 4.3 percent in the last two decades. Sistan and Baluchestan and Kurdistan provinces have the highest and lowest percentages of female-headed households, respectively. This increase has also been for single-parent households. The highest percentage of this household was in South Khorasan province and the lowest in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad provinces. More than 27 percent of female-headed households have no literate family members. 86% of women were unemployed and 14% were employed, which is a large gap between the two families. Analyzes showed that the gender of the head of the household was significantly related to age, marital status, literacy status, level of education, and activity status of the head of the household. In terms of age structure, female-headed households are older than their male counterparts, and in terms of marital status, most men have a spouse and most female-headed households are unmarried. Also, illiteracy, education, and employment rates are higher among female-headed households than their male counterparts. The implicit concept is that female-headed households are not in a better position than male-headed households in terms of the indicators examined.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

Population, Population Change, Household, female-headed households, Iran

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