ارتباط نظری و تجربی بین نابرابری جنسیتی و هنجارهای اجتماعی (یک مطالعه تطبیقی-کمّی در کشورهای در حال‌ توسعه، 2019-1980)

فصلنامه زن و جامعه

مقاله 6، دوره 14، شماره 56، بهمن 1402، صفحه 81-94   

نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.30495/jzvj.2024.31864.4009

نویسنده

نیلوفر سقاباشی نایینی^*

دانشجوی مقطع دکترا رشته جامعه‌شناسی، گروه علوم اجتماعی، دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران

تاریخ دریافت: 16 اردیبهشت 1402،  تاریخ بازنگری: 31 مرداد 1402،  تاریخ پذیرش: 09 بهمن 1402 

چکیده

هدف: بین نابرابری‌های جنسیتی (به‌عنوان یکی از اَشکال نابرابری‌های بیرونی) و هنجارهای اجتماعی، نوعی رابطۀ علّی دوجانبه وجود دارد که هریک می‌توانند بنا به ویژگی‌ها و مکانیسم‌های زیر بنایی خود موجب تحدید یا تقویت آثار مخرب یکدیگر شوند. بر همین اساس نویسنده پس از شناسایی مکانیسم‌های رابطۀ متقابل بین هنجارهای اجتماعی و نابرابری‌های جنسیتی، در پی انطباق تجربی آن‌ها با یافته‌های پژوهش برآمد.
روش­: در پژوهش حاضر بر اساس روش تطبیقی- طولی، از داده‌های ثانویه برای 100 کشور در حال توسعۀ جهان از سال 1980 تا 2019 استفاده شد. زمان پژوهش به دو گام زمانی مجزا تقسیم گردید: (1999-1980 ) و( 2019-2000). تحلیل داده‌ها با استفاده از روش رگرسیون چند متغیره انجام شد.
یافته­ ها: نتایج نشان می‌دهند که نابرابری جنسیتی چه به‌طور مستقیم و چه به‌طور غیر مستقیم (از طریق تأثیر بر خشونت انتشاری) بر پایبندی افراد به پیروی و اجرای هنجارهای اجتماعی، اثر کاهنده‌ای دارد؛ از سوی دیگر نیز هنجارهای اجتماعی این اثر کاهنده را به‌طور مستقیم بر نابرابری جنسیتی می‌گذارند؛ در عین‌حالی‌که در  ایدئولوژی «استبداد شایستگی» و طبیعی جلوه دادن نابرابری بین زنان و مردان [طی نوعی سوگیری خاص‌گرایانه]، به توجیه و مشروعیت‌بخشی هرچه بیش‌تر نابرابری جنسیتی کمک می‌کنند. با این پژوهش می‌توان نتیجه گرفت که هنجارهای اجتماعی و نابرابری‌های اجتماعی، اثری دوگانه بر یکدیگر دارند و این بستگی به شرایط و ویژگی‌های بنیادی آن‌ها و شدت‌شان در جامعه دارد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

نابرابری جنسیتی؛ هنجارهای اجتماعی؛ خشونت انتشاری؛ استبداد شایستگی؛ مشروعیت‌بخشی به نابرابری

عنوان مقاله [English]

Theoretical and Empirical Relationship between Gender inequality and Social norms (A Comparative-Quantitative Study in Developing Countries, 1980-2019)

نویسندگان [English]

Niloofar Saghabashi Naeni

Ph.D. student of sociology, Department of social sciences, Faculty of Literature and human sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran

چکیده [English]

Introduction: The interconnectedness between gender inequalities, which constitute a type of external inequality, and social norms engenders a mutually influential cause-and-effect relationship, whereby the inherent features and mechanisms of each factor can either impede or intensify the detrimental consequences of the other. Consequently, subsequent to identifying the mechanisms that govern the reciprocal association between social norms and gender inequalities, this research endeavored to validate them through empirical investigation.
Materials and Methods: The current investigation employs the comparative-longitudinal approach and utilizes secondary data obtained from 100 developing nations across the globe between 1980 and 2019. The research duration was compartmentalized into two distinct time intervals, namely 1980-1999 and 2000-2019. The multivariate regression method was employed for the purpose of data analysis.
Results: The findings of the study indicate that gender inequality exerts a diminishing impact on individuals' adherence to and application of established social norms, both directly and indirectly through its influence on the incidence of difussive violence. Conversely, social norms exert a diminishing influence on gender inequality. However, they simultaneously endorse and legitimize gender inequality through the "tyranny of merit" ideology and the naturalization of gender-based disparities via particularistic biases.
Conclusion: The findings of this study allow for the assertion that reciprocal interactions exist between social norms and social inequalities, with their manifestation being contingent upon the respective conditions and fundamental attributes of each, as well as their degree of prevalence within a given societal context.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

Gender Inequality, Social Norms, Diffusive Violence, Tyranny of Merit, Legitimization of Inequality

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