رابطه سبک زندگی و نگرش به نقش مادرانه پژوهشی در شهر رشت

فصلنامه زن و جامعه

دوره 15، شماره 57، اردیبهشت 1403، صفحه 53-68   

نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.30495/jzvj.2024.29418.3929

نویسندگان

معصومه کرم زاده طولارود¹؛ محمد مهدی رحمتی^{* 2}؛ زهرا قاسمی³

¹دانشجوی دکتری جامعه شناسی، گروه علوم اجتماعی، واحد تهران مرکزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی ، تهران، ایران

²دانشیار گروه علوم اجتماعی، دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی دانشگاه گیلان، ایران

³استادیار گروه جامعه شناسی، گروه علوم اجتماعی، واحد تهران مرکزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران

تاریخ دریافت: 16 آبان 1401،  تاریخ بازنگری: 08 بهمن 1402،  تاریخ پذیرش: 06 اردیبهشت 1403 

چکیده

هدف: زنانگی و نقش مادری به عنوان یک ساختار نقشی جنسیتی بیش از همه در نگرش به مادری تجلی می‌یابد و این نگرش به مادری می‌تواند تحت تأثیر عوامل مختلفی باشد. از دیگر سو، در پرتو تحولاتی که در سده اخیر در جهان و ایران رخ داده، بسیاری از مولفه­های سبک زندگی، به ویژه در میان زنان، در معرض تغییر قرار گرفته است. پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی جامعه­شناسانه تأثیر سبک زندگی بر نگرش به نقش مادری از زنان شهر رشت انجام شده است.
روش  و مواد :  روش پژوهش حاضر توصیفی و از نوع همبستگی است. جامعه آماری تمام زنان متآهل دارای فرزند ساکن شهر رشت در سال 1400 است که با استفاده از روش نمونه گیری خوشه­ای تصادفی و با حجم نمونه 384 نفر جمع آوری داده انجام گردید. برای تجزیه و تحلیل داده­ها، متناسب با سطح سنجش متغیرها از آزمون همبستگی پیرسون و تحلیل مسیر استفاده شده است. با توجه به هدف و فرضیه­های پژوهش، نگرش به مادری و سبک زندگی زنان با نظریات بوردیو، گیدنز، مانهایم و نیز برخی روایت­­های فمنیستی مورد تحلیل قرار گرفت.
یافته‌ها: با توجه به آزمون فرضیه­ها بین سبک زندگی و نگرش به مادری رابطه معنادار وجود دارد. بدین صورت که با مدرن شدن سبک زندگی، نگرش به نقش مادری در زنان نیز مدرن می­شود و این مسئله در کلیه جنبه­های سبک زندگی نظیر مدیریت بدن، سبک خرید، مصرف فرهنگی و اوقات فراغت به چشم می­خورد .
 با توجه به میانگین شاخص­های پژوهش، نگرش به مادری در زنان نه سنتی است و نه مدرن بلکه بینابین؛ اما نزدیک به مدرن است؛ سبک زندگی زنان نیز در وضعیت مشابه قرار دارد و در محدوده بینابین (سنتی- مدرن) است. تحلیل مسیر نشان از آن دارد که مصرف فرهنگی بیشترین اثر مستقیم را بر نگرش به مادری دارد. همچنین مدیریت بدن و پایگاه اقتصادی و اجتماعی دارای اثرات مستقیم و غیرمستقیم و اوقات فراغت دارای اثر غیرمستقیم بر نگرش به مادری است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

نگرش به مادری"؛ سبک زندگی"؛ مصرف فرهنگی"؛ "؛ مدیریت بدن"

عنوان مقاله [English]

Lifestyle and Attitude towards the role of Motherhood: A Research in Rasht City

نویسندگان [English]

masomeh karamzadeh toularod¹؛ mohamad mahdi rahmati²؛ zahra ghasemi³

¹PhD Student in Sociology of Social Issues, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

²Associate Professor, Department of Social Sciences, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, University of Guilan, Iran

³Assistant Professor, Department of Cultural Sociology, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

چکیده [English]

Femininity and the role of motherhood are manifested as a gender role

structure in the attitude towards motherhood. This attitude is different in

traditional and modern women. The developments of the last century in

the world and in Iran have exposed the lifestyle components of women to

change. The current research was conducted with the purpose of a

sociological survey on the effect of lifestyle on the attitude towards the role

of motherhood in two generations of women in Rasht city. The data was

collected using a cross-sectional survey and questionnaire among married

women with children with a sample size of 384 people, using a random

sampling method. Pearson’ correlation test and path analysis were used

for data analysis. According to research hypotheses, the attitude towards

motherhood and women s lifestyle were analyzed with the theories of

Bourdieu, Giddens, Mannheim and some feminist narratives. According to

the findings, there is a significant relationship between attitude towards

motherhood and lifestyle. With the modernization of the lifestyle, the

attitude towards the motherhood’s role in women is also modernized, this

is visible in aspects of the lifestyle such as body management, shopping

style, cultural consumption and leisure time. According to the research

indicators, women’s attitude towards motherhood is neither traditional nor

modern, but intermediate, but close to modern; Women’s lifestyle is in the

intermediate range (traditional-modern). Path analysis shows that cultural

consumption has the most direct effect on the attitude towards

motherhood. body management and economic social status have

direct and indirect effects.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

Attitude towards motherhood", lifestyle, cultural consumption", ", body management"

مراجع

1. Ebadollahi Chenzanagh, Hamid, Chavoshian Hassan, Ismailzadeh Salestani Maryam (2014) Patriarchy, Distorted Modernity and the Exposure of the Female Body: A Study in the City of Rasht. Iranian Journal of Social Studies, Volume 9, Number 4,pp 34-5.[in persian].
   
   
2. Soroush, M, & Bohrani, SH,. (2013). Relationship between religiosity, attitude towards gender roles and attitude towards children. With the actual and ideal number of children. Journal of women in development and politics. 11 (2): 189-208.[in persian].
   
   
3. Abbott, Pamela and Wallace, Keller (2006) Sociology of Women, translated by Manijeh Najm Iraqi, Tehran: Ney. 182-184 .[in persian].
   
   
4. Statistics Center of Iran, 1390, 1385. Detailed results of the census, Tehran: Statistics Center of Iran.[in persian].
   
   
5. Friedman, Jane (2002) Feminism, translated by Firoozeh Mohajer, Tehran: Ashian.p11.[in persian].
   
   
6. Jafari et al. 2022: Investigating the relationship between lifestyle and social support with women's maternal identity (case study: women of Isfahan city).[in persian].
   
   
7. Rastegar Khalid,Amir(2016)Women, Religiosity and Motherhood, Women in Development and Politics, Volume 14, Number 1.p31.[in persian] .
    
8. Karimi, Youssef (2016) Social psychology: theories, concepts and applications. Tehran: Arsbaran.[in persian].
   
   
9. Chodoro , (1978) the reproduction of mothering .berkeley: univerc ity pf California : press.
   
   
10. Kardavani, Rahele (2016) Examining the policies of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the field of motherhood and the pathology of their realization process (with an emphasis on employment policy), thesis of the doctoral course in the field of women's studies, women's rights in Islam, University Tarbiat Modares, Faculty of Humanities.[in persian].
    
    
11. Ahmadi Faraz, Mansoura, Abedi, Heydar Ali, Azarbarzin, Mehrdad (2013) Explaining the experiences of working women regarding the role of mother: a phenomenological qualitative research. Qualitative research in health sciences, volume 3. Number 2, pages 137-148. .[in persian].
    
    
12. Bigvand, Mina, Kazemi, Abbas, Basirian Jahromi, Hossein (2021) Super Moms and the concept of motherhood in cyberspace, women in culture and art, Volume 13, Number 1, Spring, 139-163.[in persian].

 

13. Darahaki, Ahmed; Akhwan Aramaki, Masoumeh (2023), attitude towards maternal identity and intention to have children: a study among women with at least one child in urban areas of Kashan city, Women in Development and Politics, Volume 21, Number 3. Page 1-.
    
    
14. Dobwar, Simon (2010) The Second Genre, translated by Qasim Sanavi, Tehran: Tos. Second edition. The second volume.p.403.[in persian] .
    
    
15. Sadeghi, Rasool, Shahabi Zahra (2016) Qualitative study of obstacles and challenges of motherhood of working women in Tehran. Quarterly Journal of Social Studies and Research in Iran, Volume 6, Number 4, pp. 715-734. .[in persian].
    
    
16. Mohammadi, Seyed Agila; Mousavi, Seyyed Yaqoub; Turkman, Farah (2022) Examining the maternal experience of working women in managerial positions (a case study of working women in the Ministry of Oil), Journal of Social Sciences, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, 19th year. Page 27-60.
    
    
17. David, Miriyam (1985) Motherhood and social policy – a matter of education. Critical Social Policy, 32.
    
    
18. Dickson Martina (2018) The joys and challenges of academic motherhood. Woman`s Studies International Forum.(www.elsevier.com)p.6.
    
    
19. McGannon Kerry R, McMahon Jenny, A Gonsalves Cgristine (2018) Juggling motherhood and sport: A qualitative study of the negotiation of competitive recreational athlete mother identities. Psychology of sport & Exercise .www.elsevier.com
    
    
20. Chamani Blabiglou, Solmaz (2014) The study of sociological determinants of fertility during the last two generations (case study; married women of Tehran. PhD thesis of Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran branch.[in persian].
    
    
21. Khandan, Zahra, Seidan, Fariba (2016) Women’s lived experience of fertility (attitude, causes, strategies and strategies of mothers towards fertility. Islamic Studies of Women and Family. Biannual Scientific-Specialist Journal. Year 4, Number 6, Spring and Summer pp. 31-56. .[in persian].
    
    

22.   Sadeghi Hasan Vand (2016) The lived experience of women with one child. Thesis for receiving a master’s degree in women’s studies. Faculty of Social Sciences, Allameh Tabatabai University.

23. Mohebbi, Masoumeh (2015) Female Students and Tendency to Mother Culture (Case Study of Guilan University Students) Master Thesis, Department of Social Sciences, Sociological Trend. University of Guilan.[in persian].
    
    
24. Mohammadi, Azam (2013) Investigating the lifestyle situation of women in Gorgan city in 2012 (comparison of mothers and daughters) Master’s thesis in sociology. University of Economic and Social Sciences, Tehran West Branch.
    
    
25. Bakak, Robert (2002), Consumption (translation by Khosrow Sabouri), Tehran, Shirazeh Publishing House, first edition.p.91,39.[in persian].
    
    
26. Bourdieu, Pir (2016) Distinction (social criticism of taste judgments). Translated by Hasan Chavoshian. Tehran: Third Edition, Fourth Edition.243-246.[in persian].
    
    
27. Stones, Rob (2013) The great thinkers of sociology (translated by Mehrdad Mirdamadi) Tehran. Center publishing house, 9th edition.357,358.[in persian].
    
    
28. Giddens, Anthony (1999) Modernity and Individuality (Society and Personal Identity in the New Age, translated by Nasser Moafaqian, Tehran: Ney Publishing, second edition.[in persian].
    
    
29. Fazli, Mohammad (2012) Consumption and lifestyle, Tehran, Research Institute of Culture, Art and Communication..66. .[in persian].
    
    
30. Entezari, Ali, Afzali, Marzieh (2020) Mother: Types, meanings and motives. Gender and family studies. Number one. Spring and summer.[in persian].
31. Rastgar Khaled, Amir, Mojdeh Delavari (BTA) The evolution of girls’ attitudes towards the role of mothers, abstracts of the articles of the Mother’s Conference.[in persian] .
    
    
32. Mirzanjad, Maryam (2009) A Study of Maternal Experience among Young Women. Master Thesis in Women Studies. Allameh Tabatabai University. Faculty of Social Sciences.[in persian].
    
    
33. Nik Farjam, Samieh (2014) The effect of lifestyle on the fertility desire of women aged 15 to 49 in Shahr-Babak city. Master’s thesis. Faculty of Social and Economic Sciences, Al-Zahra University (S), social sciences, research orientation.[in persian].
    
    
34. Nachmias Chava Frankfort, Nachmias, David  , DeWaard Jack  Research Methods in the Social Sciences. Translate by oroush.fazeli,Tehran oroush publicayion,p271.[in persian].           
    
    
35. Enayat Halima .Mardani Marzieh)2011(Globalization and maternity crisis Tarbiat Tablighi Research Journal of the first year of winter number 2[in persian].
36. Rifat Jah, Maryam (2017) Young women and redefining the meaning and role of motherhood, a study on women, aged 25-40, living in the city of Ray, Iran Sociological Journal, 18th year, number 4. Winter 2016, pp. 130-164 .[in persian].