تغییرات و تعارض نقشی مادران شاغل در دوران پاندمی کرونا(مورد مطالعه: تجربه زیسته مادران شاغل در وزارت علوم تحقیقات و فناوری )

فصلنامه زن و جامعه

مقاله 2، دوره 15، شماره 58، مرداد 1403، صفحه 17-30   

نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.30495/jzvj.2024.32287.4052

نویسندگان

زینب قاید رحمت¹؛ زهرا زارع^{* 2}؛ محمد امیری³

¹فارغ التحصیل کارشناسی ارشد جامعه شناسی ، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی تهران غرب، تهران ، ایران

²استادیار گروه علوم اجتماعی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی تهران شرق، تهران ، ایران

³دکترای ارتباطات اجتماعی، تهران، ایران

تاریخ دریافت: 30 مرداد 1402،  تاریخ بازنگری: 13 بهمن 1402،  تاریخ پذیرش: 23 اردیبهشت 1403 

چکیده

هدف: پاندمی کرونا باعث تغییرات زیادی در زندگی اجتماعی و خانوادگی شد که این موضوع بر روی شرح وظایف نقش‌های مادران شاغل تاثیر گذاشت. این مطالعه با هدف شناخت تجربه زیسته مادران شاغل و تمرکز بر تغییرات و تعارض نقش‌های خانوادگی و کاری مادران قبل از پاندمی و حین آن انجام شده است‌.
روش­: روش پژوهش کیفی و از نوع پدیدار شناختی بوده و جامعه مورد مطالعه مادران شاغل در وزارت علوم (که قبل و حین بروز بیماری کرونا نقش مادری را تجربه کرده‌اند) می‌باشند که به روش نمونه گیری ترکیبی غیر تصادفی هدفمند و گلوله برفی تا رسیدن به اشباع نظری 15 نفر از مادران شاغل مورد پرسش قرار گرفته‌اند. ابزار پژوهش مصاحبه حضوری نیمه ساختار یافته است که بر اساس سوالات تحقیق کلیه مصاحبه‌ها کدگذاری شده مقوله بندی و سپس دسته بندی شده و نتیجه گیری شده است‌.
یافته­ها: نتایج مطالعه نشان می‌دهد که در دوران پاندمی کرونا در نقش مادری و شغلی زنان تغییراتی رخ داده که گاها به تعارض و فشار نقش انجامیده است.کم رنگ شدن نقش مدارس، مهدکودک‌ها و مراکز گذران اوقات فراغت، امکان دورکاری و کاهش ساعات کار،کم شدن حمایت خانواده و کاهش ارتباطات اجتماعی به دلیل شیوع بیماری در این زمینه تاثیرگذار بوده است و حضور بیشتر مادر و گاها پدر به انجام کار مشارکتی بیشتر و شیوه ساماندهی جدیدی از زندگی خانوادگی و شغلی انجامیده که مراقبت ، آموزش و سرگرم کردن فرزندان از مهم ترین وظایف آن بوده است.
نتیجه‌گیری: حمایت‌های سازمانی و شغلی به همراه حمایت‌های خانوادگی در روال عادی زندگی و شرایط خاص می‌تواند سبب آرامش بیشتر مادران، شادابی و سلامت خانواده و کارایی شغلی شود. نادیده گرفتن، تحقیر و کم ارزش دانستن انتظارات نقش‌های مادران شاغل ضمن ایجاد فشار و تعارض بر آنها در ادامه به طور مستقیم و غیرمستقیم بر خانواده و بهره­وری کاری تاثیرگذار است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

تغییرات نقشی؛ تعارض و فشار نقش؛ مادرات شاغل؛ پاندمی کرونا؛ تجربه زیسته

عنوان مقاله [English]

Role changes and conflicts of working mothers during the corona pandemic (case study: lived experience of working mothers in the Ministry of Science, Research and Technology)

نویسندگان [English]

zeynab ghaedrahmat¹؛ zahra zare²؛ Mohamad amiri³

¹Sociology graduate of West Tehran University, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

²Associate Professor, Department of social Sciences, East Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

³. PhD in social communication, Tehran, Iran

چکیده [English]

Introduction: The corona pandemic caused many changes in social and family life, which affected the roles of working mothers. This study was conducted with the aim of knowing the lived experience of working mothers and focusing on the changes and conflicts of family and work roles of mothers before and during the pandemic.

Methodology: The research method is qualitative and phenomenological. The studied community are mothers working in the Ministry of Science, Research and Technology (who have experienced the role of mothers before and during the outbreak of the Corona virus). And 15 working mothers have been questioned by purposeful non-random and snowball sampling methods until theoretical saturation is reached. The research tool is a semi-structured face-to-face interview, which is based on the research questions of all the interviews, coded, categorized, and then categorized and concluded.

Finding: The results of the study show that during the corona pandemic, there have been changes in women's maternal and occupational roles, which have sometimes led to conflict and role pressure. The diminution of the role of schools, kindergartens and leisure centers, the possibility of remote working and reduced working hours, the reduction of family support and the reduction of social connections due to the spread of the disease have been influential in this field. More presence of mother and sometimes father has led to more cooperative work and a new way of organizing family and work life, and caring, educating and entertaining children has been one of its most important tasks.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

role changes, role conflict and pressure, working mothers, corona pandemic, lived experience

مراجع

1.            Rezaei A, Qanati MR, Taqvai D. Predicting Corona anxiety based on quality of life and parenting practices in women. Female psychology. 2022;10(3):14-23.
2.            Nazari R. Family lifestyle changes during the Corona epidemic. 2022. 
3.            Lacke H, Naimi, Abraham, Shivandi, Kamran. Students' perception of the role of the family in their academic adaptation to the quarantine conditions during the corona outbreak. Rooyesh-e-Ravanshenasi Journal 2021;10(3):11-20.
4.            Sadati K, Ahmad, Jirayi, Shahraki Z. Managing interactions with children in home quarantine during the Covid-19 pandemic; Qualitative study with mothers in Arak city. Social Work Quarterly. 2020;9(3):39-47.
5.            Nasiri. The lived experience of women faculty members in establishing a balance between career and family roles in the days of Corona. Women in development and politics. 2023;21(1):253-27.
6.            Esfandiari M, Maqsodi S. Investigating the organizational factors affecting the conflict between the occupational role and the family of female nurses during the corona disease. Social psychological studies of women. 2023.
7.            Hosseini M, Zahra, Alimardani, Akram, Masoumeh A. Identifying conflicts in the role of married police women in facing social crises (case study of the Covid-19 epidemic). Police-social researches of women and family. 2023;11(1):5-0.              
8.            Harouni Q, Abbas, Cheshmeh SD, Farsani B, Farsani M, Gholamreza. The role of job stress on the job satisfaction of female primary school teachers during the corona pandemic with the mediation test of work-family conflict and parental stress. Scientific Journal of Applied Educational Leadership 2021;2(1):77-95.

9.            Reisi A, Abbasi, Bakae, Raie, Kiyavash. Investigating the relationship between work-family conflict and the quality of nursing care in nurses of the Covid-19 ward. Ebnesina Journal. 2022;23(4):33-43.
10.          Nargesian, Fiyazi, Marjan, Niri, Shahrazad, Alizadeh. Presenting the work-life integration model with an emphasis on the flexible work of working mothers in the General Directorate of Cooperatives, Labor and Social Welfare of Tehran Province. Organizational Behavior Studies 2021;39(10):199-236.
11.          Rooshan. Investigating the role of work-family conflict, family-work conflict and fatigue on nurses' burnout during the outbreak of Corona. Journal of Psychology New Ideas. 2021;8(12):1-12.    
12.          Nasrabad R, Bibi H, Hosseini. Studying the experience of playing the role of work and family at the same time in working mothers with young children. Applied sociology. 2019;30(3):109-34.
13.          Sadeghi, Shahabi. Qualitative study of motherhood obstacles and challenges of working women in Tehran. Social studies and research in Iran. 2017;6(4):715-34.
14.          Afshani, Reza SA, Hatefi. The role of family factors in explaining the conflict between women's career and family roles. Family research. 2016;12(2):251-67.       
15.          Rastgar K, Janabian M, Azarang, Neda. Investigating the level of conflict between work and family roles among women (police and teachers) and factors affecting it. Welfare planning and social development. 2015;7(24):128-63.

16.          Rocheblave-Spenle AM. The concept of role in social psychology: Astan Quds; 2004.
17.          Khaled Rastegar A. Expanding the role of women in career-family support. Iranian Journal of Sociology. 2005;6(4):126-65.
18.          Khadijeh S, Zahra Z. The feeling of incompatibility between social and family roles in women. jwsps. 2006;4(2):47-70.
19.          Taeb, Hamida, Golpayegani S, Tuba, Rezai, Mohammad, et al. The modern/feminist and Islamic erasure of the concept of motherhood according to the three approaches of the tradition. Cultural Studies and Communication Quarterly. 2017;13(48):151-72.

20.          Rocher G. Talcott Parsons Sociology: Ney publication; 2016.   
21.       Palma A, Keller W. Sociology of women: Ney Publications; 2011.