انگیزه‌های زنان شاغل در سازمان تأمین اجتماعی تهران برای فرزندآوری

فصلنامه زن و جامعه

دوره 16، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 61، خرداد 1404، صفحه 39-56   

نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.30495/jzvj.2024.32344.4058

نویسندگان

حجیه‌بی‌بی رازقی‌نصرآباد¹؛ عباس عسکری‌ندوشن^{* 2}

¹دانشیار جمعیت‌شناسی، دانشکده علوم خانواده، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

²استاد جمعیت‌شناسی، دانشکده علوم اجتماعی، دانشگاه یزد، یزد، ایران

تاریخ دریافت: 09 شهریور 1402،  تاریخ بازنگری: 12 فروردین 1403،  تاریخ پذیرش: 31 شهریور 1403 

چکیده

هدف: امروزه ارزش‌ها و باورهای ایرانیان در زمینه فرزندآوری، به سمت کم‌فرزندی سوق یافته و معنا و کارکرد فرزند نزد آنان تغییر یافته است. شرایط اقتصادی اجتماعی متفاوت جامعه امروز، عاملی مهم در این تغییر نگاه بوده است. در این مطالعه، تمرکز بر زنان شاغل بود و هدف کنکاش درباره درک زنان شاغل از فرزند و دلایل آن‌ها برای فرزندآوری بود.
روش: رویکرد پژوهش کیفی و روش تحلیل داده‌ها، تحلیل مضمون براون و کلارک بوده است. افراد مورد مطالعه شامل 22 زن شاغل در سازمان تأمین اجتماعی شهر تهران بودند که با نمونه‌گیری هدفمند انتخاب و مورد مصاحبه عمیق قرار گرفتند. جمع‌آوری داده‌ها از راه مصاحبه‌های عمیق چهره به چهره با شرکت کنندگان در اسفند سال 1401 آغاز شد و به مدت سه ماه به طول انجامید.
یافته‌ها: دلایل فرزندآوری زنان شاغل در چهار مضمون: "شکوفایی و توسعه هویت والدینی"، "آگاهی ضمنی در مورد پیامدها و چالش‌های کم‌فرزندی و دیرفرزندآوری"، "چیرگی انتظارات هنجاری" و "احساس امنیت اقتصادی- اجتماعی برای تصمیم به فرزندآوری" قرار می‌گیرند.
نتیجه‌گیری: نتایج مطالعه نشان می‌دهد آنچه باعث قصد فرزندآوری زنان شاغل شده برخاسته از شرایط، خواست و تمایلات فردی و خانوادگی است که عمدتاً بر پشت‌گرمی به حمایت‌های خانواده متکی است. به‌طوری‌که، زنان شاغل خواست و رفتار فرزندآوری خود را شخصا یا در نهایت، به‌صورت خانوادگی مدیریت و هدایت کرده و حمایت‌های شغلی و سازمانی در تصمیم به داشتن فرزند بیش‌تر، تاکنون نتوانسته است نقش پررنگی ایفا نماید. وانگهی، به‌نظر می‌رسد که فراهم‌سازی احساس امنیت اقتصادی- اجتماعی مانند ثبات شغلی و درآمدی برای زنان موضوعی با اهمیت تلقی شده است. در این شرایط، تعارض میان نقش‌های شغلی و مادری، احتمالا می‌تواند به نفع ایفای وظایف شغلی عمل کرده و انگیزه‌های فرزندآوری را کاهش داده و یا به عدم‌پژوهش نیات باروری منجر شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

باروری؛ قصد فرزندآوری؛ انگیزه‌های زنان شاغل؛ نقش والدینی؛ سازمان تأمین اجتماعی تهران

عنوان مقاله [English]

Childbearing Motivations of Working Women at the Social Security Organization of Tehran, Iran

نویسندگان [English]

Hajiieh Bibi Razeghi-Nasrabad¹؛ Abbas Askari-Nodoushan²

¹Associate Professor of Demography, Faculty of Family Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

²Professor of Demography, Faculty of Social Sciences, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran

چکیده [English]

Introduction: Today, the prevailing values and beliefs among Iranians regarding childbearing have shifted towards smaller families, and the perceived meaning and roles of children have changed in the lives of parents. This study focuses on employed women, seeking to explore their perceptions of the value and meaning of children and their motivations for having children.
Methods: Using a qualitative approach and thematic analysis, 22 married women from diverse backgrounds working at the Social Security Organization of Tehran, Iran, were selected through purposive sampling. Data collected through in-depth, face-to-face interviews with participants.
Findings: We identified four themes that capture the motivations and challenges of working women in having children: ‘flourishing and development of the parental identity’, ‘implicit awareness of the consequences and challenges of low and late childbearing’, ‘predominance of normative expectations’, and ‘a sense of economic-social security for the decision to have children’.
Conclusion: The study concluded that working women's intention to have children arises from their own personal and familial preferences, heavily dependent on the supports they receive from their families. Thus, they manage their desire and behavior to have children personally or within the family context, while organizational and governmental support has not significantly influenced the decision to have more children.  We also found that working women tend to prioritize their occupational roles over their motherhood roles, and that organizational support is insufficient in motivating or facilitating their childbearing decisions. We discuss the implications of our findings for policy and practice.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

Fertility intentions, Working women, Parenthood motivation, Social security organization, Tehran

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