شناسایی و تحلیل موانع مؤثر بر مقاوم‌سازی مساکن روستایی (مطالعه موردی: شهرستان بناب)

فصلنامه علمی برنامه ریزی منطقه ای

مقاله 14، دوره 6، شماره 23، آذر و دی 1395، صفحه 153-168   

نویسندگان

ارسطو یاری حصار¹؛ فرزین حق پرست²؛ علی مجنونی توتانخانه^{* 3}؛ صغرا نیرومند شیشوان⁴

¹استادیار گروه جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی روستایی دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران

²استادیار گروه مهندسی معماری، دانشگاه هنرهای اسلامی تبریز، تبریز، ایران

³مدرس گروه مهندسی معماری، دانشگاه بناب، بناب، ایران

⁴مربی گروه مهندسی معماری، دانشگاه بناب، بناب، ایران

تاریخ دریافت: 23 آذر 1395،  تاریخ پذیرش: 23 آذر 1395 

چکیده

با توجه به حادثه­خیز بودن کشور ایران که همواره محل وقوع انواع حوادث طبیعی بوده و همچنین آسیب­پذیری زیاد سکونت­گاه­های روستایی در برابر حوادث، اهمیت شناسایی موانع مؤثر پیش­روی مقاوم­سازی مساکن روستایی را  آشکار ساخته است؛ ولی بایستی توجه نمود که پیش­نیاز هرگونه برنامه­ریزی، شناخت صحیح از شرایط تأثیرگذار در تمامی ابعاد است تا با تکیه بر همین اطلاعات بتوان تصمیمات اصولی را اتخاذ نمود. پژوهش حاضر باهدف بررسی موانع مؤثر بر مقاوم­سازی مسکن روستایی در شهرستان بناب با استفاده از تحلیل عاملی صورت گرفته است؛ نوع تحقیق اکتشافی بوده و روش بررسی آن توصیفی تحلیلی می­باشد. برای بررسی موضوع 35 شاخص در ابعاد اقتصادی، اجتماعی، مدیریتی و محیطی انتخاب شده است. جامعه آماری این پژوهش شامل 14047 نفر ساکن در مساکن بالای 20 سال قدمت است. حجم نمونه با استفاده فرمول کوکران، 420 نفر و به روش تصادفی ساده انتخاب شده­اند. داده­های مورد نیاز از طریق توزیع پرسشنامه به‌ دست ‌آمده است. روایی صوری پرسشنامه با کسب نظر اساتید و کارشناسان  و ضریب پایایی پرسشنامه با استفاده از فرمول آلفای کرونباخ 91/0 محاسبه شده است. نتایج به دست آمده با به‌کارگیری تحلیل عاملی به چهار عامل معنی­دار تقلیل یافته که به ترتیب عامل اقتصادی (09/ 86 درصد)، مدیریتی (46/5 درصد)، اجتماعی (26/2 درصد) و در نهایت محیطی با 93/0 درصد  بیشترین تأثیر را بر عدم مقاوم­سازی مساکن روستایی داشته­اند. در مجموع چهار عامل فوق قابلیت تبیین 75/94 درصد تغییرات واریانس را تبیین نمودند. نتایج حاصل از تفسیر نقشه و نمودار نشان داد که موانع اقتصادی در بین همه­ی روستاها به‌ عنوان عامل مشترک بوده، عامل اجتماعی بیشتر در روستاهای نزدیک به مرکز شهرستان و عامل­های مدیریتی و محیطی نیز به‌ صورت مشترک در روستاهای دور از مرکز شهرستان به‌ عنوان مانع اصلی بوده است. لذا این تفاوت­ها لزوم تهیه و اجرای برنامه­های مقاوم­سازی با رویکرد حمایت­های مالی را جهت مقاوم­سازی مساکن روستایی در شهرستان بناب ایجاب می­کند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

مقاوم‌سازی؛ مسکن روستایی؛ پدافند غیرعامل؛ شهرستان بناب

عنوان مقاله [English]

Identification and Analysis of Effective Obstacles on Retrofitting Rural Housing ( Case Study: Bonab County)

نویسندگان [English]

arasto yari hesar¹؛ farzin haghparast²؛ Ali Majnoni totankhaneh³؛ sogra niromnd shishvan⁴

چکیده [English]

Iran has always been the site of a variety of natural disasters such as earthquakes because of its geographical position. In fact, the vulnerability of the rural housing is more than urban ones due to low quality of the rural housing. So, it is important to identify barriers of the development and retrofitting of these buildings. But it is noticable that correct knowledge of existance conditions in social, economical, environmental and management dimentions is prerequisite for every planning to dicision making basically relying on this information. The present study aimed to analyze the barriers affecting rural housing in the Bonab county; therefore, retrofitting is done by using “factor analysis”.The exploratory research is descriptive- analysis. It has been selected 35 indexes. The population include 14047 people (living in residential buildings over 20 years old) in 29 villages of Bonab County. Sample size has been estimated 420 people that were selected randomly by using Cochran formula. Required data obtained through distributed questionnaires. Face validity of questionnaire is obtained by consent of professors and administrative experts and reliability coefficient calculated 0.94 using Cronbach's alpha formula. The results of the questionnaires reduced to 4 factors using “factor analysis” technique that economic factors (86/09), management factors (5/46), social factors (2/26) and environmental factors (0/93) had the greatest impact on nonretrofitting of rural housing, respectively. In total, four factors have the ability to explain the 94/75 percent of the varience. Results of the interpreting of the maps and dispresion diagram of the villages indicates that economic barriers is a common factor among all villages. The results from interpretation of village’s maps and scattered diagram show the economic barriers as common factor among all rural villages, social factor in villages near the city center and Environmental management and operating jointly in villages far from the city center are as a main barrieres. Therefore, it is required to prepare and implement retrofit programs with financial support approach to strengthening rural housing in the city.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

retrofitting, housing, rural housing, Factor Analysis, Bonab County

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