مکان‌یابی شهرک صنایع دستی گامی در راستای تحقق توسعه گردشگری پایدار (نمونه موردی: شهر شیراز)

فصلنامه علمی برنامه ریزی منطقه ای

مقاله 13، دوره 7، شماره 25، فروردین و اردیبهشت 1396، صفحه 143-154   

نویسنده

علیرضا عبداله‌زاده فرد^*

استادیار گروه شهرسازی، واحد صفاشهر، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، صفاشهر، ایران

تاریخ دریافت: 25 مرداد 1395،  تاریخ بازنگری: 30 مهر 1395،  تاریخ پذیرش: 10 آبان 1395 

چکیده

     گردشگری پایدار رهیافت جامعی است که خواهان رشد بلندمدت صنعت گردشگری بدون اثرات مخرب بر زیست‌بوم‌های طبیعی است.گردشگری شهری پایدار دو اصل مهم؛ بازیابی منابع فرهنگی و رشد اقتصادی را دنبال می‌کند و دستیابی به آن بدون برنامه‌ریزی امکان‌پذیر نخواهد بود. شهر شیراز به واسطه غنای فرهنگی و جاذبه‌های تاریخی طبیعی خود گردشگران زیادی را به خود جذب می‌کند. صنایع دستی از جمله پتانسیل‌هایی است که به واسطه ماهیت خود می‌تواند اهداف گردشگری شهری پایدار را محقق سازد. هدف از مطالعه حاضر انتخاب مکان بهینه جهت استقرار سایت صنایع دستی در شهر شیراز می‌باشد. جهت انتخاب معیارهای مناسب برای استقرار سایت در مرحله اول از تجربیات سایر کشورهای پیشگام در زمینه تاسیس شهرک صنایع دستی استفاده گردید. سپس جلسه‌ای با حضور دستگاه‌های متولی و ذیربط، استادکاران، صاحبان حرف صنایع دستی، گردشگران و مردم جامعه محلی تشکیل گردید با استفاده از تکنیک دلفی تصمیم‌گیری براساس نظر شرکت‌کنندگان در جلسه، 8 معیار (دسترسی، شیب مناسب، مالکیت، کاربری همجوار، تامین تاسیسات زیربنایی، اندازه قطعات، نزدیکی به محورهای تاریخی و طبیعی) جهت انتخاب سایت تعیین گردید. جهت انتخاب سایت‌های پیشنهادی نیز با در نظر گرفتن مطالب استخراج شده از مبانی نظری و با استفاده از نظر کارشناسان از میان سایت‌های پیشنهادی، 4 سایت انتخاب گردید. جهت انتخاب سایت بهینه با توجه به معیارهای انتخابی از تکنیک تاپسیس استفاده شده است. براساس نتایج حاصل از این تکنیک سایت‌هایی که از نزدیکی نسبی به وضعیت ایده‌آل برخوردارند، برای احداث شهرک و جذب گردشگر در اولویت قرار دارند. سایت شماره 1 (واقع در بلوار گلستان، منطقه 3 شهرداری شیراز) با میزان 0.944= SLi+ نسبت به دیگر سایت‌ها از شرایط گردشگری بهتری برخوردار است. دلیل این انتخاب را می‌توان واقع شدن این سایت در محور تاریخی – فرهنگی و محور عرفان شهر شیراز و همچنین نزدیکی به اصلی‌ترین دروازه ورودی شهر یعنی دروازه قرآن بیان داشت.

کلیدواژه‌ها

مکان‌یابی؛ توسعه گردشگری پایدار؛ شهرک صنایع دستی؛ تکنیک دلفی؛ روش تاپسیس

عنوان مقاله [English]

Selection of handicraft site as a step for achieving sustainable tourism development (Case study: Shiraz)

نویسندگان [English]

Alireza abdolahzade fard

چکیده [English]

The sustainable tourism strategy is a comprehensive approach that demands tourism industry long time growth without destructive effects on ecosystems. Sustainable urban tourism follows two main principles: retrieval of cultural sources and economic growth. It is necessary to mention that planning isn’t ignorable for achieving it. Every year, Shiraz city -because of its cultural richness and natural- historical attraction – attracts lots of tourists. Using region potentials is one of the methods for absorbing tourists and economic growth. Handicraft because of its potentiality can fulfill the sustainable urban tourism goals. Selecting the optimum site for deployment of crafts in Shiraz city is the first and the most important aim of this research.  Firstly for choosing suitable criterias' establishment, the experience of other countries as pioneer in establishing crafts’ site were used. Then, a meeting was made with the owners, craftsmen, crafts professionals, tourists and the local community. Based on participants' ideas, 8 criteria (access, sutible slope, ownership, land use, installation, parcel size and proximity to historical and natural axes) were determined for site selection. At last,  4 sites were selected among the proposed sites based on the mentioned criteria via Topsis method. Based on results, the four selected sites have the relative closeness to the ideal status for town construction and tourist attraction. The first Site (located in Golestan boulevard, the 3^rd region of Shiraz municipality) with SLi= 0.944 compared with the others has better tourism situation. The main reasons of this site selection are Locating in historical- cultural axe, Shiraz's Erfan axe, and also closeness to the main entrance of shiraz- Quran.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

Site Selection, Sustainable tourism development, Handicraft town, Delphi Technique, TOPSIS Method

مراجع

1. A'azami, A. and M. Heshmati, and A. Soleimani, and A.H. Ali Beigi, (2016): impact of tourism on rural sustainable development (case study: Rijab village, Dallahoo, Kermanshah. Journal of Heritage and Tourism, 1(1), pp: 23-42, [in Persian].
2. Akbar pour Sareskanrod, M. and F. Noorbakhsh, (2011): The Role of Eco-Tourism in Urban & Rural Sustainable Development (case study: Qeshm Island). Journal of Housing and Rural Environment (JHRE), 29(132), pp: 61-76, [in Persian].
3. Amanian Bidokhti, P. and S. Sadeginia, (2015): the role of rural cooperatives in increasing income and investment in handicrafts domains (case study: hand-woven carpet cooperatives of Khorassan Razavi Province). Journal of research and rural planning, 4(3), pp: 101-113, [in Persian].
4. Cloutier, Scott, Larson, Lincoln and Jambeck, Jenna, 2014. Are sustainable cities “happy” cities? Associations between sustainable development and human well-being in urban areas of the United States, Environ De Sustain, Vol 16, published in springer science.
5. Ghadami, M. and N. Aligholizadeh, (2012): Evaluation of Destination Tourism Development in Sustainability Framework (a case study of Tameshkel district/ Tonkabon country). Journal of Geographical Research, 27(1-104), pp: 79-104, [in Persian].
6. Gharakhlou, M. and M. Davoodi, and M. Zandavi, and H.A. Jorjani, (2011): Locate the Optimal Areas for Physical Development of BABOLSAR city based on Natural Indicators. Geography and Development Iranian Journal, 9(23), pp: 99-122, [in Persian].
7. Gol Mohammadi, F. (2011): Development of handicraft industries and average technology in rural areas of Iran for expansion of tourism and sustainable rural employment. Journal of housing and rural environment (JHRE), 29(131), pp: 73-94, [in Persian].
8. Hazrati, M. and O. Babaei Fini, (2012): Identify the factors affecting the inactivation of agricultural cooperatives using Delphi analysis (case study: county Khodabandeh). Journal of regional planning, 2(6), pp: 91-104, [in Persian].
9. Kalantari, KH. (2011): planning and regional development, khoshbin publication, Tehran, [in Persian].
10. Kalantari, KH. And SH. Choobchian, and M. Karami, (2013): Site Selection for Handy Craft Market in South Khorasan Province Using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). Journal of Urban Regional Studies and Research, 4(15), pp: 21-36, [in Persian].
11. Kazemian, GH. And E. Azadi, (2011): The model of urban tourism development in central district of Tehran with Urban management approach. Journal of Tourism Management Studies, 6(15), pp: 53-84, [in Persian].
12. Keshavarz, M. and M. Ghadiri masoom, and A. Ayashi, and H. Sarparast, (2016): analysis of sustainable tourism development based on IE and "SWOT" strategic analysis. Journal of Geographic Space, 16(54), pp: 21-46, [in Persian].
13. Mohammad poor, A. and S. Zarghami, (2014): Buyers location urban facilities from the standpoint of passive defense. Sepehr, 23(90), pp: 89-93, [in Persian].
14. Mohammadpourjaberi, M. (2016): Analyzing the role of tourism in citizen life quality with emphasis on subjective indicators case study: Fasham city (Shemiranat County). Journal of Urban Tourism, 1(1), pp: 35-45, [in Persian].
15. Mohseni, R.A. (2010): Sustainable Tourism in Iran: Functions, Challenges and Solutions. Journal of Geographic space, 9(28), pp: 149-171, [in Persian].
16. Moradi, M. and B. Rahmani, (2010): The role of tourism on sustainable urban development (case study: Mashhad city). Journal of Territory, 7(25), pp: 41-52, [in Persian].
17. Morshedi, H. and D. Ahmadi, and H.A. Faraji Sabokbar, and M.R. Rezvani, (2016): Spatial classification of tourism zones in order to determine the optimal regions of tourism services: case study (Fars province). Journal of regional planning, 6(23), pp: 17-30, [in Persian].
18. Nezhad irani, F. and Y. Alavi matin. And A. Ashraf pour, (2011): investigating of tourism obstacles in Azarbijan Sharghi province and provide appropriate solution. Journal of specialized social science, 7(1-28): pp: 1-21, [in Persian].
19. Noormah, F. and H. Yavari, (2014): A view on the handicraft changes in the world. Research Institute of Culture and Islamic art and Soore University, Tehran: Soore Mehr, second edition, [in Persian].
20. Parizadi, T. and M. Molaeei Gholechi, and H. Sheikhi, (2012): Investigation and Analysis of potential benefits of regional development in Northport, using a combination of techniques Topsis and Electret. Journal of regional planning, 2(6), pp: 15-29, [in Persian].
21. Pickel-chevalier, Sylvine, 2015.Can equestrian tourism be a solution for sustainable tourism development in France, Journal of Society and Leisure, Vol 38, No 1.
22. Pourjafar, M. and Z. Khodaie, and A. Pourkheiri, (2011): An Analytical Approach in Acknowledging the Elements, Indices and Characteristics of Urban Sustainable Development. Journal of Iranian Social Development Studies (JISDS), 3(3), pp: 25-36, [in Persian].
23. Rahnamaei, M.T. and M. Maleknia, and M. Jahanian, (2011): The Role of Cultural & Historical Axses of 12 Region in Tourism Development in Tehran .Journal of Human Geography, 3(4), pp: 83-101, [in Persian].
24. Sai, L. Ng, 2014. Hong Kong Geopark: a paradigm of urban sustainable tourism. Asian Geographer, Vol 31, No 1.
25. Saraei, M.H. and M. Shamshiri,  (2013): tourism situation study in the city of Shiraz towards sustainable development using the SWOT Technique. Journal of Geography and Environmental planning, 24(1), pp: 69-88, [in Persian].
26. Shafiei, Z. and F. Farokhian, and L. Migghard, (2015): Isfahan's potentials as a crafts with tourism development approach. Journal of geography, 12(43), pp: 251-278, [in Persian].
27. Shahabian, P. (2012):  Analyzing the Roles and Impacts of Urban Tourism on Sustainable Urban Development; Focusing On Citizens Perception. Journal of Armanshahr, 4(7), pp: 121-132, [in Persian].
    1. Shahr-o-khaneh consulting engineers, (2005): strategic plan for the city of Shiraz, Shiraz Municipality, [in Persian].
28. Siamo, Joao Neto and Partidario, Maria do Rosario, 2012. How does tourism planning contribute to sustainable development, Journal of sustainable development, Sust.Dev 20.
29. 30.   Sofeska, Emilija, 2016. relevant factor in sustainable Urban development of urban planning methodology and implementation of concepts for sustainable planning (planning documentation for the master plan Skopje 2001-2020, procedia Environmental Sciences, Vol 34, published by Elsevier, Available online at www.sciencedirect.com
30. Taghvaei, M. and A. Safarabadi, (2011): The role of urban management in achieving sustainable development of urban tourism in the city of Kermanshah .Journal of Arid Regions Geographic Studies, 1(4), pp: 35-52, [in Persian].
31. Taghvaei, M. and H.R. Varesi, and A. Safarabadi, (2012): Factors Affecting the Development of Urban Tourism in Kermanshah .Journal of Geography, 10(33), pp: 27-47, [in Persian].
32. Zangiabadi, A. and L.  Poureidivand, and E. Heidaripour, and M. Moslehi, (2013): Spatial analysis of Tourism Development Index Using TOPSIS Model (Case study: Esfahan provincial areas). Journal of Geography and Urban Development, 1(1), pp: 51-73, [in Persian].