تحلیل نابرابری‌های فضایی-آموزشی و فرهنگی در کلان منطقه‌ی آذربایجان

فصلنامه علمی برنامه ریزی منطقه ای

مقاله 5، دوره 8، شماره 29، اردیبهشت 1397، صفحه 27-40   

نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

حسین نظم فر^{* 1}؛ سعیده علوی²؛ علی عشقی چهاربرج²

¹دانشیار گروه جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی شهری، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران

²دانشجوی دکتری جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی شهری، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران

تاریخ دریافت: 29 اسفند 1394،  تاریخ بازنگری: 29 اسفند 1395،  تاریخ پذیرش: 05 بهمن 1396 

چکیده

توسعه­ منطقه­ای مفهومی جدید در ادبیات برنامه­ریزی می­باشد که هدف آن خلق چهارچوبی مناسب برای دستیابی به یک بهبودی با ثبات در استانداردهای زندگی برای شهرنشین و روستانشینان است. توسعه­ی متعادل و هماهنگ مناطق، یک پیش‌نیاز بسیار مهم برای حصول پایداری اقتصادی و پیشرفت یکپارچه کشور به شمار می­رود. آموزش و شاخص­های آن به همراه بخش فرهنگی، به‌عنوان یکی از مهم‌ترین مؤلفه­های توسعه، با ایفای نقش اساسی و سرنوشت‌ساز خود، در روند توسعه همه‌جانبه نقش بسیار محوری داشته و شرط لازم برای رسیدن به توسعه جوامع را فراهم می­آورند. از این‌رو توزیع عادلانه و برابری فرصت‌های آموزشی و فرهنگی در بعد کلان، نوعی نگاه انسانگرایانه را با خود به همراه دارد که غالباً به‌عنوان یک شاخص جامعه توسعه‌یافته در نظر گرفته می­شود. پژوهش حاضر با هدف تحلیل نابرابری­های بین و درون منطقه­ای کلان منطقه آذربایجان از لحاظ شاخص­های آموزشی و فرهنگی انجام شده است. روش تحقیق از نوع توصیفی- تحلیلی با هدف کاربردی است. جامعه آماری تمامی شهرستان‌های کلان منطقه آذربایجان تا سال 1390 می­باشد. برای سنجش نابرابری­های منطقه­ای از بعد آموزشی و فرهنگی در مجموع از 21 شاخص استفاده شده است. جهت تعیین اهمیت شاخص­ها از مدلANP و برای تجزیه‌وتحلیل داده­ها از مدل ویکور استفاده شده است. نتایج نشان می­دهد که از مجموع 47 شهرستان مورد بررسی12شهرستان کاملاً برخوردار، 14شهرستان برخوردار، 11 شهرستان نسبتاً برخوردار، 9 شهرستان نابرخوردار و 2 شهرستان کاملاً نابرخوردار می­باشند. همچنین بین استان‌های کلان منطقه آذربایجان بیشترین نابرابری به ترتیب در استان آذربایجان غربی با میانگین امتیاز ویکور 231/0، اردبیل با امتیاز 117/0 و آذربایحان شرقی با امتیاز 098/0 می­باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

نابرابری؛ درون و بین منطقه‌ای؛ آموزشی و فرهنگی؛ کلان منطقه آذربایجان

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Analysis of the Spatial, Educational and Cultural Inequalities in Metropolitan region of Azerbaijan

نویسندگان [English]

Hosein Nazmfar¹؛ Saede Alavi²؛ Ali Eshgi²

چکیده [English]

       Regional development is a new planning concept that aims at creating an appropriate framework to achieve a sustainable improvement in living standards for city and village dwellers. Balanced and harmonious development of the region is regarded as a very important prerequisite for achieving economic stability and development of the country. Education and its indexes along with the cultural sector are viewed as two of the most important components of the development which play a central role in development processes. They provide the necessary condition for the development of societies. Therefore, fair and equal distribution of educational and cultural opportunities in a macro scale, as a humanitarian purpose, is often considered an effective indicator in developed societies. Therefore, this study attempted to analyze the inequality between macro-regional and inter-regional metropolitan regions of Azerbaijan in terms of educational and cultural indicators. The research method is descriptive-analytic and it is an applied study. The population consisted of all the major cities in the region before 1391. To measure regional disparities from educational and cultural dimensions, a total of 21 indicators were used. To determine the importance of the indicators, AHP model and to analyze the data VIKOR was used. The results showed that from 47 cities under study, 12 cities had fully desirable conditions, 14 cities had desirable conditions, 11 cities had relatively well conditions, 9 cities had disappointing conditions and 2 cities had extremely disappointing condditions. Moreover, among the provinces in the metropolitan region of Azerbaijan, the greatest inequalities were observed in the Western Azerbaijan with an average VIKOR score of 0.231, and in Ardabil and East Azerbaijan with the average scores of 0.117 and 0.098, respectively.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

inequality, within and between regional, educational and cultural opportunities, metropolitan region of Azerbaijan

مراجع

1. Amanpour, S. Esmaeili, A. Jokar, S. (2012): "Determination of the degree of development of the cities of Khuzestan province in terms of educational index using numerical taxonomy", Environmental planning, Volume 5, Issue 17, p. 61 -41. (In Persian).
2. Alizadeh, Y. (2014): Analysis and Leveling of Educational Development in Samples of Education and Education Areas of Ardabil Province, Master's Thesis for Geography and Urban Planning, Mohaghegh Ardebil University. (In Persian).
3. Atasake, M. (2008): Internal Efficiency of Primary Schools in the Provinces of the Country ", New Educational Ideas, Volume 5, Issue 3, pp. 55-96. (In Persian).
4. Badri, A. Akbarian, S. Jawaherim H. (2007): Determining the level of development of rural areas in the city of Kamyaran ", Quarterly Journal of Geographic Research, No. 82, pp. 116-130. (In Persian).
5. Bayat, M. (2008): Measuring the Development of Villages in Kware District of Shiraz Using Cluster Analysis, Geography and Environmental Programming, Year 20, Issue No. 33, No. 1, pp. 113-131. (In Persian).
6. Hekmatniya, H. Mousavi, M. (2007): Application of Model in Geography with Emphasis on Urban and Regional Planning, Science Publishing, Yazd. (In Persian).
7. Hosseinzadeh dalir, K. (2002): Regional Planning, Second Edition, Publication, Tehran, Iran. (In Persian).
8. Mesri Nezhad, S, Torki, L (2004): "Determination of the degree of educational development in the provinces of Iran, Journal of the Faculty of Economic and Administrative Sciences of the University of Isfahan", sixteenth, no. 3- 4, pp. 177-196 (In Persian).
9. Mohammadi, C. Khaparp, B. AnsariyanT (2016): "Assessment of Developmental Levels and Regional Inequality in terms of Development Indicators (Case Study: Oramanat Region)", Geography and Environmental Studies, Vol. 4, No. 13, Pp. 80-65. (In Persian).
10. Mohammadi Deh Cheshmeh, M, Alizadeh, H (2015): "Assessment of Regional Sustainable Development Indicators in West Azarbaijan Province Using Diagnostic Analysis and Fuzzy Markers", Journal of Economic and Regional Development of the Twenty-first Year, New Volume No. 7, first half 2014, pp. 76-51. (In Persian).
11. Momeny, M. (1997): Principles and Methods of Regional Planning, Goya Publications. (In Persian).
12. Nasrolahi, K. Akbari, N. Herdari, M. (2012):  Comparative Analysis of Rating Methods in Development Measurement (Case Study: Cities of Khuzestan Province) ", Land Planning, Third Year, No. 4, pp. 93-65. (In Persian).
13. Nazmfar,H. Alibaksi, A. (2015): Measurement of Spatial Inequality in Using Educational Indices Using Topsis Method (Case Study: Khuzestan Province), Journal of Educational Planning Studiesو Vol. 3, No.6, pp. 1-175 (In Persian).
14. Nazmfar,H. Alibaksi, A. (2017): Evaluation Spatial inequality of development of the city in the province with an emphasis on sustainable development, Journal Geographicap Planning of Space Quarterly, Vol. 6, No. 22, pp. 1-24. (In Persian).
15. Nazmfar, H. (2017). Urban development predictions direction of using a combination GIS and Bayesian the probabilistic model (case study: Ardabil), Human Geography Research Quarterly, 49, 357-370.
16. Nazmfar, H., Roshan Roodi, S. (2015). Assessment of Development Sustainability Level in 9th District of Mashhad District Based on Hierarchy Models and Network Analysis. Journal Management System. 5(15): 49-68.
17. Tavakolyniya, j. Kaniny, R. Kavarian, A. easa pasbanlo, V,(2015): Analysis of regional development inequalities in health care sector of Ardabil province ", Regional Planning Quarterly, Vol. 5, No. 18, pp. 14-1. (In Persian).
18. Tofigh, F. (2007): Planning in Iran and its future perspective, Institute of Management Education and Research, Planning. (In Persian).
19. Zangyabadi, A. Akbari, M (2011): "Assessment and analysis of the extent of development in the cities of Fars province", The Environment, Thirty-seventh, No. 59, Autumn 90, P. 122-113. (In Persian).
20. Zali, N (2010): "The approach of urban planning to the analysis of the urban system, with emphasis on the concept of homogeneous and administrative regions", Urban and Regional Studies and Research, First Year, No. 4, pp. 94-77. (In Persian).
21. Zebardast, A. hakhrosta, s, (2014): Comparative analysis of regional inequalities between neighboring provinces Case study: Hamedan and Central provinces. Architecture and Urbanism Magazine, Twoth Edition of the University of Art, No. 15, Fall and Winter 1394, p. 137-113. (In Persian).
22. Ziari, K. (2007): Principles and Methods of Regional Planning, Yazd University Press. (In Persian).            
23. Apostolache .M.A. (2014): Regional Development in Romania–From Regulations to Practice. Procedia Economics and Finance, 8, 35-41.
24. Beiglou, Rana, Taghavai, Masoud, HamidReza Varesy. (2012): Analysis of Spatial Exclusion and Inequality in the Development of Cities, Social Welfare Journal, No. 46: 189-214.
25. Kim, Sukko. (2007-2008): Spatial Inequality and Economic Development: Theories, facts, and policies. Working Paper (No.6), Commission on Growth and Development, Washington, DC: The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development.
26. Kutscherauer, Alois. (2010): Regional Disparities in Regional Development of the Czech Republic. Ostrava: University Of Ostrava.
27. Mabogunje A. L. and Misra R. P. (1981), Regional Development Alternatives, Maruzen.
28.  M. and Savic´, G. (2001): An application of DEA for comparative analysis and ranking of regions in Serbia with regards to social-economic development, European Journal of Operational Research, No. 132, pp. 343-356.
29. Nazmfar, H., Beheshti. B. (2016). Application of Combined model analytical network process and fuzzy logic models in Landslide susceptibility zonation (Case Study: chellichay Catchment). Journal Geography and Environmental Planning. 27 (1): 53-68.
30. Nazmfar, H. (2012). An analysis of urban system with emphasis on entropy model (Case study: the cities of East Azerbaijan Province), Indian Journal of Science and Technology. Volume 5, Issue 9, p. 3340 -3344.
31. Steward, Kitty. (2002): Measuring well-being and exclusion in Europe's regions, London: Centre for Analysis of Social Exclusion, London School of Economics and Political Science.
32. UNDP. (1997): Human Development Report. New York.
33. Ziari, Keramatollah, (2006): Principles and Methods of Regional Planning Yazd University Publication, Edition 3.