Effect of High- Fiber Diet alongside with Aerobic Exercise on HbA1c, Fasting Blood Glucose and BMI of Overweight Diabetic Women

Report of Health Care

مقاله 11، دوره 2، شماره 2، مرداد 2016، صفحه 60-68   

نوع مقاله: Original Article

نویسندگان

Saeed Keshavarz^{* 1}؛ Narges Eslahchi¹؛ Ebrahim Pourhakimi¹؛ Mohammad Karimi²

¹Sport Medicine Research Center, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran

²Faculty of Science, Qom University of Technology, Qom, Iran

تاریخ دریافت: 14 آبان 1394،  تاریخ بازنگری: 26 بهمن 1394،  تاریخ پذیرش: 09 اسفند 1394 

چکیده

Introduction: New lifestyle is one of the most important causes of increased prevalence of diabetes due to inappropriate nutrition, consecutive stress, and lack of physical activity. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of high- fiber diet and aerobic exercise on fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, and BMI in diabetic overweight women. Methods: 41 overweight females with type 2 diabetes (aged between 40- 60) were selected to participate in the study. Patients were randomly divided into four groups including (control, high-fiber diet, aerobic exercise, and high-fiber diet+ aerobic exercise). The high fiber diet group consumed 25-30 gr fiber daily during 12 weeks. The aerobic exercise intensity was 60% of maximum heart rate, and each session took 20- 45 minutes (every two weeks 5 minutes was added). High-fiber diet + exercise group did the aerobic exercises, in addition to receiving 25-30 gr fiber in a day. The control group had no regular exercise activities or a special diet. Fasting blood sugar (FBS) samples were taken before and after the test. Data was analysed by Mann-Whitney U-test and Covariance analysis tests. Results: The results of the study showed a significant reduction in HbA1c in the exercise group and in the high- fiber diet + exercise group compared to the control group (p=0.001). There were no significant differences in fasting blood glucose in the experimental groups compared to the control group (p=0.482). BMI changes were significantly higher in both control, and high- fiber diet + exercise groups (p=0.050). Conclusion: The findings of the present study showed that aerobic exercise can solely or combined with a high-fiber diet relieve the chronic symptoms of diabetes. Also, BMI could have a significant decrease due to exercise and high-fiber diet. As a result, it seems that a regular exercise program and a high-fiber diet can be a part of prevention and treatment of diabetes.

کلیدواژه‌ها

Training؛ HbA1C؛ Glucose؛ High Fiber Diet؛ BMI؛ Diabetes

مراجع

1. Kang S, Woo JH, Shin KO, Kim D, Lee H-J, Kim YJ, et al. Circuit resistance exercise improves glycemic control and adipokines in females with type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Sports Sci Med. 2009; 8: 682- 688.

2. Kim ES, Im JA, Kim KC, Park JH, Suh SH, Kang ES, et al. Improved insulin sensitivity and adiponectin level after exercise training in obese Korean youth. Obesity. 2007; 15: 3023- 3030.

3. Janghorbani M, Amini M, Willett WC, Gouya MM, Delavari A, Alikhani S, et al. First nationwide survey of prevalence of overweight, underweight, and abdominal obesity in Iranian adults. Obesity. 2007; 15: 2797- 2808.

4. Expert Panel on Detection E. Executive summary of the third report of the national cholesterol education program (NCEP) expert panel on detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood cholesterol in adults (Adult Treatment Panel III). Jama. 2001; 285: 2486.

5. Larijani B, Abolhasani F, Mohajeri-Tehrani MR, Tabtabaie O. Prevalence of diabetes mellitus in Iran in 2000. Iranian J Diabetes Metab. 2005; 4: 75- 83.

6. Harati H, Hadaegh F, Saadat N, Azizi F. Population-based incidence of type 2 diabetes and its associated risk factors: results from a six-year cohort study in Iran. BMC Public Health. 2009; 9: 186.

7. Brinkmann C, Blossfeld J, Pesch M, Krone B, Wiesiollek K, Capin D, et al. Lipid-peroxidation and peroxiredoxin-overoxidation in the erythrocytes of non-insulin-dependent type 2 diabetic men during acute exercise. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2012; 112: 2277- 2287.

8. Dejkhamron P, Menon RK, Sperling MA. Childhood diabetes mellitus: recent advances & future prospects. Indian J Med Res. 2007; 125: 231.

9. Kasper D, Fauci A, Hauser S, Longo D, Jameson J, Loscalzo J. Harrison's principles of internal medicine, 19e. Mac Grow Hill Publication. 2015.

10. King P, Peacock I, Donnelly R. The UK prospective diabetes study (UKPDS): clinical and therapeutic implications for type 2 diabetes. Br J Clin Pharm. 1999; 48: 643- 648.

11. Pibernik- Okanovic M, Prasek M, Poljicanin- Filipovic T, Pavlic- Renar I, Metelko Z. Effects of an empowerment-based psychosocial intervention on quality of life and metabolic control in type 2 diabetic patients. Patient Edu Counsel. 2004; 52: 193- 199.

12.Nuttamonwarakul A, Amatyakul S, Suksom D. Twelve weeks of aqua-aerobicexercise improve health-related physical fitness and glycemic control in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes. JEPonline. 2012; 15: 64- 70.

13. Delavar R, Heidarianpour A. The effect of aerobic exercise training on plasma apelin levels and pain threshold in T1DM rats. Iranian Red Crescent Med J. 2016; 18 (9): e31737.

14. Thomas D, Elliott EJ, Naughton GA. Exercise for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Cochrane Library. 2006.

15. Zoppini G, Targher G, Zamboni C, Venturi C, Cacciatori V, Moghetti P, et al. Effects of moderate-intensity exercise training on plasma biomarkers of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction in older patients with type 2 diabetes. Nutr Metab Cardiovas Dis. 2006; 16: 543- 549.

16. Francois ME, Little JP. Effectiveness and safety of high- intensity interval training in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Spectrum. 2015; 28: 39- 44.

17. Dixit S, Maiya A, Shastry B. Effect of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise on glycosylated haemoglobin among elderly patients with type 2 diabetes & peripheral neuropathy. Indian J Med Res. 2016; 145 (1): 129- 132.

18. Nader N, Weaver A, Eckert S, Lteif A. Effects of fiber supplementation on glycemic excursions and incidence of hypoglycemia in children with type 1 diabetes. Int J Pediatric Endocrinol. 2014; 2014 (1): 13.

19. Shen XL, Zhao T, Zhou Y, Shi X, Zou Y, Zhao G. Effect of oat β-glucan intake on glycaemic control and insulin sensitivity of diabetic patients: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Nutr. 2016; 8 (1): 39.

20. Fujii H, Iwase M, Ohkuma T, Ogata-Kaizu S, Ide H, Kikuchi Y, et al. Impact of dietary fiber intake on glycemic control, cardiovascular risk factors and chronic kidney disease in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: the Fukuoka Diabetes Registry. Nutr J. 2013; 12: 159- 175.

21. Ebrahimi- Mameghani M, Behroozi- Fared- Mogaddam A, Asghari-Jafarabadi M. Assessing the reliability and reproducibility of food frequency questionnaire and identify major dietary patterns in overweight and obese adults in Tabriz, Iran. J Mazandaran Univ Med Sci. 2014; 23 (2): 46- 57.

22. Grace A, Chan E, Giallauria F, Graham PL, Smart NA. Clinical outcomes and glycaemic responses to different aerobic exercise training intensities in type II diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Cardiovas Diabetology. 2016; 16 (1): 37.

23. Negri C, Bacchi E, Morgante S, Soave D, Marques A, Menghini E, et al. Supervised walking groups to increase physical activity in type 2 diabetic patients. Diabetes Care. 2010; 33 (11): 2333- 2335.

24. Crowe C, Gibson I, Cunningham K, Kerins C, Costello C, Windle J, et al. Effects of an eight-week supervised, structured lifestyle modification programme on anthropometric, metabolic and cardiovascular risk factors in severely obese adults. BMC Endocrine Dis. 2015; 15: 37.

25. Jenkins DJ, Kendall CW, Augustin LS, Martini MC, Axelsen M, Faulkner D, et al. Effect of wheat bran on glycemic control and risk factors for cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes care. 2002; 25 (9): 1522- 1528.

26. Esteves JV, Enguita FJ, Machado UF. MicroRNAs-Mediated regulation of skeletal muscle GLUT4 expression and translocation in insulin resistance. J Diabetes Res. 2016; 2017.

27. Tan S, Li W, Wang J. Effects of six months of combined aerobic and resistance training for elderly patients with a long history of type 2 diabetes. J Sports Sci Med. 2012; 11 (3): 495- 501.

28. Aggarwala J, Sharma S, Saroochi AJ, Sarkar A. Effects of aerobic exercise on blood glucose levels and lipid profile in Diabetes Mellitus type 2 subjects. A Ameen J Med Sci. 2016; 9 (1): 65- 69.

29. Gordon LA, Morrison EY, McGrowder DA, Young R, Fraser YTP, Zamora EM, et al. Effect of exercise therapy on lipid profile and oxidative stress indicators in patients with type 2 diabetes. BMC Complement Alternative Med. 2008; 8: 21.

30. Ljones K, Ness HO, Solvang-Garten K, Gaustad SE, Høydal MA. Acute exhaustive aerobic exercise training impair cardiomyocyte function and calcium handling in Sprague-Dawley rats. PloS One. 2016; 12 (3): e0173449.

31. Yavari A, Najafipoor F, Aliasgarzadeh A, Niafar M, Mobasseri M. Effect of aerobic exercise, resistance training or combined training on glycaemic control and cardiovascular risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes. Biol Sport. 2012; 29 (2): 135- 143.

32. Marandi SM, Abadi NGB, Esfarjani F, Mojtahedi H, Ghasemi G. Effects of intensity of aerobics on body composition and blood lipid profile in

obese/overweight females. Int J Prevent Med. 2013; 4 (1): S118- 125.

33. Klein S, Fontana L, Young VL, Coggan AR, Kilo C, Patterson BW, et al. Absence of an effect of liposuction on insulin action and risk factors for coronary heart disease. New England J Med. 2004; 350 (25): 2549- 2557.

34. Babio N, Balanza R, Basulto J, Bulló M, Salas-Salvadó J. Dietary fibre: influence on body weight, glycemic control and plasma cholesterol profile. Nutr Hospitalaria. 2010; 25 (3): 327- 340.

35. Bays H, Frestedt JL, Bell M, Williams C, Kolberg L, Schmelzer W, et al. Reduced viscosity Barley β-Glucan versus placebo: a randomized controlled trial of the effects on insulin sensitivity for individuals at risk for diabetes mellitus. Nutr Metab. 2011; 8: 58.

36. Lattimer JM, Haub MD. Effects of dietary fiber and its components on metabolic health. Nutr. 2010; 2 (12): 1266- 1289.

37. Puglisi MJ, Vaishnav U, Shrestha S, Torres-Gonzalez M, Wood RJ, Volek JS, et al. Raisins and additional walking have distinct effects on plasma lipids and inflammatory cytokines. Lipids Health Dis. 2008; 7: 14.