تبیین رابطه عدالت اجتماعی با احساس امنیت اجتماعی ساکنان مناطق روستاییِ شهرستان اردبیل

فصلنامه علمی برنامه ریزی منطقه ای

مقاله 5، دوره 9، شماره 36، بهمن 1398، صفحه 67-82   

نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

وکیل حیدری ساربان^{* 1}؛ شراره ثابت²

¹استاد گروه جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی روستایی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران

²دانش‌آموخته جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی روستایی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران

تاریخ دریافت: 22 مهر 1397،  تاریخ بازنگری: 23 بهمن 1397،  تاریخ پذیرش: 26 مهر 1398 

چکیده

        احساس عدالت اجتماعی از مهم‌ترین ارکان بهبود احساس امنیت اجتماعی از طریق تقویت مولفه‌‎های دسترسی به منابع، حکمروایی خوب، رفاه اقتصادی، عدالت اقتصادی، رشد شخصیت فردی، نبود تبعیض‌های اجتماعی و دسترسی به خدمات اجتماعی، میزان رضایتمندی و میزان مشارکت اجتماعی و غیره است. هدف این مقاله مطالعه و تحلیل اثرات عدالت اجتماعی بر بهبود احساس امنیت اجتماعی روستاییان شهرستان اردبیل می‌باشد. این تحقیق از نوع کاربردی و به روش توصیفی- تحلیلی است که با استفاده از روش پیمایش انجام شده است. جامعه آماری شامل کل روستاییان بالای 15 سال ساکن در مناطق روستایی شهرستان اردبیل می‌باشد (85053N=)، که از این میان تعداد 383 نفر با استفاده از فرمول کوکران به عنوان نمونه آماری انتخاب شدند. در نهایت، نتایج حاصل از یافته‌های توصیفی تحقیق نشان داد که از بین میانگین متغیرهای احساس عدالت اجتماعی، میانگین متغیر میزان رفاه اقتصادی (88/8) در رده اول و میانگین متغیر انسجام اجتماعی (08/2) در رده آخر قرار داردو از بین میانگین مؤلفه احساس امنیت اجتماعی، مؤلفه امنیت جمعی (85/12) در رده اول و میانگین امنیت فرهنگی (22/2) در رده آخر قرار دارد. و نیز، نتیجه حاصل از آزمون همبستگی پیرسون نشان داد به جز مؤلفه‌های انسجام اجتماعی و آزادی‌های سیاسی بین تمامی مؤلفه‌های تحقیق با بهبود احساس امنیت اجتماعی رابطه مثبت و معنی‌داری وجود دارد. هم‌چنین، بر اساس نتایج حاصل از ضریب بتا، سهم و نقش متغیر «دسترسی به منابع» به مقدار (48/0)، در تبیین متغیر وابسته «احساس امنیت اجتماعی» بیش‌تر از سایر متغیرها است و متغیرهای میزان رفاه اقتصادی به مقدار (40/0)، و حکمروایی خوب به میزان (28/0)، به ترتیب در اولویت‌های بعدی قرار گرفتند. و در خاتمه، با توجه به تحلیل نتایج، پیشنهاداتی کاربردی نیز ارائه شده است و بر این نکته تأکید گردید که شاخص‌های پایداری اجتماعی (سرمایه اجتماعی، تعلق سرزمینی، مسئولیت‌پذیری اجتماعی و غیره) در راستای تحقق امنیت اجتماعی تقویت گردد. همچنین رابطه معنی‌دار بین دسترسی به منابع و بهبود احساس امنیت اجتماعی وجود دارد.  

کلیدواژه‌ها

احساس عدالت اجتماعی؛ امنیت اجتماعی؛ احساس امنیت اجتماعی؛ مدیریت توسعه روستایی

عنوان مقاله [English]

Explanation Social Justuce Relationship and Sense of Social Security in the Rural Areas, Case Study, Ardabil County

نویسندگان [English]

vakil heydari¹؛ sharare saeb²

¹Full Professor, Geography and Rural Planning, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran

²MSc Student of Geography and Rural Planning, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran

چکیده [English]

            This paper aims to explanation of relationship sense of social justice with sense of social security of villagers in the rural areas of Ardabil County. The research method was analytical -explanative survey type. It can be said that studied population in this study consists of all villagers living in rural areas of Ardabil County in 2016 (N= 85053), among which 383 persons were selected as statistical sample using Cochran formula. Sample size was determined based on the Cochran’s formula and the required data were collected through questionnaires. Finally, the results of reasearch descreaptived findings showed that fom among of avreage on social justice sense variables, variable average of economical walfare (808), exist in the first order, and variable average of social coherence (2.08) in the final order. Also, fom among of componenet sense social security average, the component of collective security aveage (12.85) exist in the first order and average of cultural security (2.22) in the final order.  Moreover, as shown by the results of Pearson test, there as significant relation between the variables of access to resource, good governance, economy walfare, economy justice, individual personality growth, lack of social discrimianation, access to social serviceses, rate of satisficatiion and rate of social participation and sense of social security in Ardabil County. In addition, in term of obtained results from Beta coefficient, the variable share and role “access to resources” in amounts (0.48), in explanation of dependent variable “sense of social secuirty” is more than oher variables. Also, variables of economical walfare in amounts (0.40), and good governance in amounts (0.28), orderly, settled in following priorites. In end, with due attention to results analysis, appliead recommindations has been recommended that social sustainability indexes (social capital, territorial belonging m social responsibility and…) in attainment of social security has been reinforced. And also, with due attention to, significant relationship between access to resource and improvment of sense social justice, the government should afford for villagers the educational and healty servicess and other serviess needful of villgers to credit, servocess and extensional equipments, use of informational resources and subsid supply.
 
 Key Words: Sense of Social Justice, Sense of Social Security, Social Security, , Rural Development Managment, Ardabil County.
 
Extended Abstract
Introduction:
         Social security is "any government system that provides monetary assistance to people with an inadequate or no income". In the many countries, this is usually called welfare or a social safety net, especially when talking about developed countries. Social security protection is clearly defined in ILO conventions and UN instruments as a basic human right – albeit one that a small proportion of the people on our planet actually enjoy. Broadly defined as a system of contribution based health, pension and unemployment protection, along with tax-financed social benefits, social security has become a universal challenge in a globalizing world. Only 20 percent of the world’s population has adequate social security coverage, while more than half lacks any kind of social security protection at all. Those without coverage tend to be part of the informal economy – they are generally not protected in old age by social security, and they cannot afford to pay their health care bill. In addition, many people have insufficient coverage – that is, they may lack significant elements of protection (such as health care or pension) or what protection they do have is low or declining. Experience shows that people are willing to contribute to social security benefits that satisfy their priority needs.
        Undoubtedly, for creating of social security interference different factors in the rural areas that lack them hinder the establishment of social security. The necessary of research and study about designed problem is resulted from this that rural societies stand the lower level versus urban societies from perspective access to therapy services, healthy and educational, enjoinment of social welfare indexes, enjoinment of resources and equipments, access rate of bayt-al,mal produced earning, access to banking and credit facilities. This factors, affect the satisfaction of life in the rural areas and encounter sustainable development of rural region with different. Hence, with reinforcement of social justice for attaining empowerment and capacity-building of rural societies by government interventional action, attention to resource redistribution, reducing of class gap, presentation of social services, exert of good governance, reinforcement of satisfaction, reinforcement of social cohesion, reinforcement of social support, act to structural evolution, weakening of reeducation of social discriminations and ready of social groups participation backgrounds for  meaning of rural societies elimination of  deprivation can help to improvement of social security in the rural areas.
sense of social justice is one of the most impotent elements of improvement sense of social security via reinforcement of resources access components,  good governance, economical just, individual personality growth, lack of social discrimination and access to social services, satisfaction and social participation and etc. hence, this paper aims to explanation of relationship sense of social justice with sense of social security of villagers in the rural areas of Ardabil County.
Methodology:
       The research method was analytical -explanative survey type. It can be said that studied population in this study consists of all villagers living in rural areas of Ardabil County in 2016 (N= 85053), among which 383 persons were selected as statistical sample using Cochran formula. Sample size was determined based on the Cochran’s formula and the required data were collected through questionnaires. Sample size was determined based on the Cochran’s formula and the required data were collected through questionnaires.  Content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by professors and experts and its reliability was determined based on Cronbach's alpha (0.75-0.87).
Results and Discussion:
        In end, with due attention to results analysis, applied recommendations has been recommended that social sustainability indexes (social capital, territorial belonging m social responsibility and…) in attainment of social security has been reinforced. And also, with due attention to, significant relationship between access to resource and improvement of sense social justice, the government should afford for villagers the educational and health services and other services needful of villagers to credit, services and extensional equipments, use of informational resources and subside supply.
 The findings of research show that there as significant relation between the variables of   good governance, economy welfare, economy justice, individual personality growth, lack of social discrimination, access to social services, rate of satisfaction and rate of social participation and sense of social security in Ardabil County.
        Regarding linking between good governance and social security sense must say that good governance help to reinforcement of social security sense in the rural areas by reinforcement of hope, reinforcement of social opportunities, decreasing of childes mortality,  access to knowledge, political freedom and participation, decreasing of social risks and reducing of poverty and etc.
Regarding linking between economical welfare and social security sense must say that many of development thinkers, economical welfare highlight such as country development substructure at all backgrounds.Regarding linking between social participation and improvement of social security sense must say that many of development thinkers, social participation can help to financial security, judiciary security, employment security, intellectual security, cultural security, economical security collective security¸ person security and ethical.
Conclusion:
          the results of research descriptive findings showed that form among of average on social justice sense variables, variable average of economical welfare (808), exist in the first order, and variable average of social coherence (2.08) in the final order. Also, from among of component sense social security average, the component of collective security average (12.85) exist in the first order and average of cultural security (2.22) in the final order.  Moreover, as shown by the results of Pearson test, there as significant relation between the variables of access to resource, good governance, economy welfare, economy justice, individual personality growth, lack of social discrimination, access to social services, rate of satisfaction and rate of social participation and sense of social security in Ardabil County. In addition, in term of obtained results from Beta coefficient, the variable share and role “access to resources” in amounts (0.48), in explanation of dependent variable “sense of social security” is more than other variables. Also, variables of economical welfare in amounts (0.40), and good governance in amounts (0.28), orderly, settled in following priorities.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

Sense of Social Justice, Sense of Social Security, Social security, Rural Development Managment

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