سنجش و ارزیابی وضعیت مؤلفه های سرزندگی شهری از منظر شهروندان (مطالعه موردی: شهر ارومیه)

فصلنامه علمی و پژوهشی پژوهش و برنامه ریزی شهری

مقاله 13، دوره 11، شماره 42، آبان 1399، صفحه 153-164   

نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

رباب حسین زاده¹؛ اسماعیل صفر علی زاده^{* 2}

¹استادیار گروه جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی شهری، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران

²استادیار گروه جغرافیای شهری، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران

تاریخ دریافت: 06 اسفند 1397،  تاریخ بازنگری: 02 شهریور 1398،  تاریخ پذیرش: 26 مهر 1398 

چکیده

       در حال حاضر شهرها به‌مثابۀ موجودات زنده، نیازمند سرزندگی و نشاط هستند. خلق و ارتقای سرزندگی در یک فضای شهری، مستلزم همسو بودن ویژگی‌‌های فضا در پاسخگویی به نیازهای شهروندان بوده که به‌نوبۀ خود می‌تواند افزایش حضور مستمر و کیفیت زندگی آن­ها را به دنبال داشته باشد. این پژوهش باهدف سنجش و ارزیابی شاخص­­های سرزندگی شهری در شهر ارومیه صورت گرفته است. جامعه آماری موردبررسی، شامل شهروندان مناطق 5 گانه شهر ارومیه بوده که حجم نمونه در این پژوهش 383 نفر و روش نمونه­گیری از نوع نمونه­گیری تصادفی است. این پژوهش از‌‌نظر هدف، کاربردی و برمبنای راهبرد پژوهش، از نوع پیمایشی است که از پرسش‌‌نامه برای جمع‌‌آوری داده‌‌ها استفاده شده است. روایی پرسشنامه با استفاده از روایی محتوایی و پایایی آن از طریق آلفای کرونباخ (785/0) به دست آمد. برای تحلیل داده­ها رگرسیون چند متغیره، آماره تی تک نمونه­ای و آزمون کروسکال با استفاده از نرم­افزار SPSS استفاده شد. نتایج تحقیق نشان می­دهد که بین پایگاه اجتماعی- اقتصادی شهروندان و میزان سرزندگی شهری در شهر ارومیه با استفاده از مؤلفه­های تحصیلات و مدت سکونت در منطقه رابطه معناداری وجود دارد. یافته­های دیگر نشان داد در بین مؤلفه­های موردمطالعه، بعد اجتماعی با میانگین (01/3) دارای بیشترین رتبه بوده و پس‌ازآن به ترتیب بعد فضایی (53/2) در رتبه دوم، بعد اقتصادی (14/2) در رتبه سوم و بعد تجربی (10/2) در رتبه چهارم قرار دارد. درنهایت می­توان نتیجه‌گیری کرد که وضعیت مؤلفه­های سرزندگی شهری ازنظر شهروندان به‌صورت یکسان نبوده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

فضای شهری؛ سرزندگی و نشاط؛ سرزندگی شهری؛ کیفیت زندگی؛ شهر ارومیه

عنوان مقاله [English]

Measuring and evaluating the status of urban vitality components from the perspective of citizens (Case Study: Urmia City)

نویسندگان [English]

robab hoseinzadeh¹؛ esmaiel safaralizadeh²

¹Assistant Professor of Geography & Urban Planning, PNU University, Tehran, Iran

²Assistant Professor of Urban Geography, PNU University, Tehran, Iran.

چکیده [English]

Nowadays, cities as living things require vitality and vitality. Creating and enhancing vitality in an urban environment requires the coherence of space characteristics to meet the needs of citizens, which in turn can lead to an increase in continuous presence and quality of life. This research carried out with the aim of measuring and evaluating urban vitality indicators in Urmia. The statistical population of the study consisted of citizens of five regions of Urmia city and the sample size in this study was 383 people. Sampling method was random sampling. This research is a survey based on purpose, applied and based on the research strategy, and a questionnaire has been use to collect data. Validity of the questionnaire obtained by content validity and its reliability through Cronbach's alpha (0.785). For data analysis, multivariate regression, single-sample T-test and Kruskal test with using SPSS software. The results of the research show that there is a significant relationship between the socio-economic status of citizens and the urban vitality rate in Urmia using the components of education and residence time in the region. Other findings showed that among the studied components, social dimension with the highest mean (3.01) had the highest rank and then the spatial dimension (2.53) was second, economic dimension (2.14) was in the third place and in the second place the final experimental side (2.10) is in fourth place. Finally, it concluded that the distribution of urban vitality components has been unfair in terms of citizens.
Extended Abstract:
Introduction:
     Today, successful cities are cities that are develop in accordance with the values, norms and desires of its inhabitants and provide creative, dynamic and vibrant spaces for their attendees. Conceptual vivacity is defined as urban space and is defined in both the micro and macro levels; in the macro level, in addition to the vivacity of the urban space, concepts such as fairness, efficiency, efficiency, efficiency ultimately; the vibrancy of the city will lead to vulnerability if sustained. Meanwhile, the city of Urmia as the capital of West Azerbaijan province and one of the settler cities, disrupting the balance between population and facilities, fails to create a sense of place and, consequently, in the absence of vibrant communal spaces, the spread of social injustice. Giving physical identity has declined. Considering the importance and necessity of this topic, this research is trying to analyze the components of urban vitality in Urmia. To this end, the present Study seeks to answer the following questions:
1- What is the relationship between the socio-economic base of citizens and the rate of life in Urmia?
2- What is the status of the components of Urmia's urban vitality from the citizens' point of view?
Methodology:
       The research method is descriptive-analytical and based on documentary studies, libraries and field studies. In the present study, the evaluation of the status of the components of the vitality of the city of Urmia from the citizens' point of view, using a survey method and distribution of a researcher-made questionnaire, using Likert spectrum. The validity of the scale measured by the opinions of 12 teachers, experts, and experts in the field of content validity. The reliability of the questionnaire was calculated by Cronbach's alpha method and its coefficient was 0.785, which indicates the reliability of this questionnaire. In the process of questioning with the knowledge that the statistical population of the study was 705805 people in 1395, the sample size, based on Cochran formula, with 95% significance level, 383 people and sampling method used. It is a coincidence. Multivariate regression, one-sample t-test and Kruskal-Wallis test used for data analysis and SPSS software.
Results and discussion:
       In order to evaluate the status of urban vitality indicators in Urmia city based on Cochran method, 383 people interviewed. One sample T-test used to examine urban vitality from the viewpoint of the citizens of Urmia. Given that the Likert spectrum (1 to 5) is used to answer the questionnaire questions, the average limit is therefore three, so if the mean is higher than three are, it indicates high vitality and if Lower than three indicates lower vitality. Thirteen items used to examine the economic dimension. T-test results show that most of the items gained less than average weight. 14 items were used to examine the spatial index of vitality. Most of the items under study have lower than average averages. With the exception of items 8 and 9, which are above average, however, items 8 have a significant level above 0.05, which is not statistically significant and cannot be compared to the whole city area. Gave.15 items were used to assess the social vitality index. According to the results of the single-sample T-test, it can be said that half of the items gained a weighted average grade point average and higher. Overall, a single-sample T-test for the spatial index (2.53) shows that residents do not rate the city space at an optimal level. To test the empirical index of vitality, 13 items were used. The results of T-test showed that none of the studied items gained above average weight. From the citizens' point of view, the empirical dimension index is below average (2.10) and is not rated as favorable. In general, it can be said that the distribution of vitality indicators across the city of Urmia was uneven. Is. According to the average vitality index in Urmia city, social dimension has the highest rank (3.01), followed by spatial dimension (2.53), second, economic dimension (14.14, respectively). 2) In the third place and finally in the experimental dimension (2/10) is in the fourth place.
Conclusion:
      Urban vitality is a concept of urban space and can be defined at both micro and macro levels; at the macro level, in addition to the vitality of urban spaces, concepts such as justice, efficiency, adaptability, flexibility, environmental quality are also included. It takes over. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and evaluate the components of Urmia city's vitality from the citizens' point of view. Four economic, social, spatial and empirical components were employed. The amount of explanation showed that the socio-economic base of the inhabitants of the city influences 0.769% of the changes and increase in the level of urban vitality (in economic, social, spatial and empirical dimensions). The results of the evaluation of the components of urban vitality showed that the social dimension with the mean (3.01) was the highest and then the spatial dimension (2.53) in the second place, economic dimension (2.14) in the third place respectively. Finally, the experimental dimension (2/10) ranks fourth. Regarding the frequency and results of the tests, it can be concluded that urban life in Urmia has a significant relationship with the increase of education, household income, housing ownership and ultimately with the improvement of socio-economic status.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

Urban space, Liveliness and vitality, urban vitality, Quality of life, Urmia city

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