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احدی, پریسا, خالدی, شهریار, احمدی, محمود. (1399). اثرات بلندمدت گرد و غبار در حوزه سلامت جهت پیشگیری از آثار آن در برنامه ریزی های آینده ی استان خوزستان. دوماهنامه علمی - پژوهشی رهیافتی نو در مدیریت آموزشی, 10(39), 21-36.
پریسا احدی; شهریار خالدی; محمود احمدی. "اثرات بلندمدت گرد و غبار در حوزه سلامت جهت پیشگیری از آثار آن در برنامه ریزی های آینده ی استان خوزستان". دوماهنامه علمی - پژوهشی رهیافتی نو در مدیریت آموزشی, 10, 39, 1399, 21-36.
احدی, پریسا, خالدی, شهریار, احمدی, محمود. (1399). 'اثرات بلندمدت گرد و غبار در حوزه سلامت جهت پیشگیری از آثار آن در برنامه ریزی های آینده ی استان خوزستان', دوماهنامه علمی - پژوهشی رهیافتی نو در مدیریت آموزشی, 10(39), pp. 21-36.
احدی, پریسا, خالدی, شهریار, احمدی, محمود. اثرات بلندمدت گرد و غبار در حوزه سلامت جهت پیشگیری از آثار آن در برنامه ریزی های آینده ی استان خوزستان. دوماهنامه علمی - پژوهشی رهیافتی نو در مدیریت آموزشی, 1399; 10(39): 21-36.

اثرات بلندمدت گرد و غبار در حوزه سلامت جهت پیشگیری از آثار آن در برنامه ریزی های آینده ی استان خوزستان

فصلنامه علمی برنامه ریزی منطقه ای
مقاله 4، دوره 10، شماره 39 - شماره پیاپی 38، آبان 1399، صفحه 21-36    اصل مقاله (1.12 M)
نوع مقاله: مقاله های برگرفته از پایان نامه
نویسندگان
پریسا احدی* 1؛ شهریار خالدی2؛ محمود احمدی3
1دانشجوی دکتری آب و هوا شناسی، دانشکده علوم زمین،دانشگاه شهید بهشتی،تهران،ایران
2استاد آب و هواشناسی،دانشگاه شهید بهشتی،دانشکده علوم زمین، تهران، ایران
3دانشیار آب و هواشناسی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، دانشکده علوم زمین، تهران، ایران
تاریخ دریافت: 07 آبان 1398،  تاریخ بازنگری: 17 دی 1398،  تاریخ پذیرش: 20 دی 1398 
چکیده
     مواجه با ذرات گرد و غبار باعث افزایش بیماری­های قلبی و تنفسی، به خصوص در بین گروه­های حساس از جمله کودکان، سالمندان می­شود. جنوب غربی ایران و به طور اخص استان خوزستان به علت قرار گرفتن در کمربند گرم و خشک، از سال 80 تا کنون با مشکل گردوغبار مواجه ­است. لذا ضرورت دارد آثار این پدیده در حوزه سلامت بیشتر مورد توجه قرار گیرد. هدف از این پژوهش بررسی ارتباط آماری بین رخدادهای گرد­­و­غباری و مرگ­ومیر ناشی از بیماری­های قلبی و ریوی در استان خوزستان طی دوره آماری 1383_1395 می­باشد. در این پژوهش از آزمون همبستگی پیرسون، آزمون تحلیل واریانس یکطرفه (آنوا) و معادلات ساختاری مبتنی بر واریانس (pls) استفاده گردید. نتایج نشان داد گرد­­و­غبار رابطه مثبت و معنی­داری با مرگ­ومیر قلبی-ریوی دارد. همچنین گرد­­و­غبار و مرگ­و­میر قلبی با هشت ماه تأخیر بیشترین همبستگی را نشان داد. بر اساس نتایج آزمون آنوا در شرایط گرد­­و­غباری یکسان، تفاوت معنی­داری بین مرگ­ومیر قلبی-ریوی در گروه­های سنی زیر 10 سال و بالای 65 سال با سایر گروه­ها وجود دارد. کلیه نتایج در سطح 01/0 معنادار می­باشد. همچنین بر اساس مقادیر ضریب مسیر و آمار  t محاسبه شده به روش معادلات ساختاری می­توان نتیجه گرفت مردان نبست به زنان در مقابل گرد­­و­غبار آسیب­پذیرترند و پیش بینی می­گردد که افزایش 1 درصد گردوغبار ماهانه می­تواند باعث ایجاد 31/0 و 28/0 درصد افزایش مرگ­ومیر قلبی در گروه­های آسیب­­پذیر و کمتر آسیب­­پذیر و همچنین 41/0 و 30/0 درصد افزایش در مرگ­ومیر تنفسی در گروه­های آسیب­­پذیر و کمتر آسیب­­پذیر در استان خوزستان شود. این امر لزوم برنامه­ریزی فوری و اساسی برای رفع مشکل گردو غبار و همچنین آموزش و فرهنگسازی در خصوص مواجه با این پدیده خطرناک را می­ طلبد.
کلیدواژه‌ها
گردوغبار؛ خوزستان؛ مرگ و میر قلبی ریوی؛ آنوا؛ معادلات ساختاری
عنوان مقاله [English]
Investigating the Long-term effect of dust on Health in order to prevent Its Impacts in Future Planning Case Study: Khuzestan Province
نویسندگان [English]
parisa ahadi1؛ shahriar Khaledi2؛ Mahmoud Ahmadi3
1Faculty of Earth Sciences,Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
2Professor of Climatology in Shahid Beheshti University, Faculty of Earth Sciences,Tehran, Iran
3Associate Professor of Climatology in Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]
         According to the studies conducted in this field exposure to dust particles can increase the heart disease and respiratory problems, particularly among vulnerable groups including children and the elderly. Being located in the dust belt of West Asian region, Khuzestan province in southwestern Iran has been facing severe dust problems since 2001. According to the necessity to further investigate the effects of this phenomenon, the present study was conducted to investigate the statistical relationship between the dust level and cardiopulmonary mortality in Khuzestan province during 2006-2016. The research results, conducted using Pearson Correlation test, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Variance-Based Structural Equations (PLS), showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between dust and cardiopulmonary mortality. Also, dust and cardiac mortality showed the highest correlation with eight months delay. According to the ANOVA test results, all significant at 0.01 level, under the same dusty conditions, there is a significant difference between cardiopulmonary mortality in age groups below 10 and over 65 years with other groups. According to the path coefficient values and t-statistic calculated by structural equation method, it can be found that men are more vulnerable to dust than women. It is predicted that a 1% increase in monthly dust can cause a 0.31% and 0.28% increase in cardiac mortality and also a 0.41% and 0.30% increase in respiratory mortality in vulnerable and less vulnerable groups, respectively. These findings indicate the need for urgent planning to address the dust problem, as well as training and culturalization in dealing with this dangerous phenomenon.
Extended abstract
Introduction:
         Dust phenomena, as one of the major environmental concerns caused by human interference and unreasonable use of natural resources, has been prevalent in recent years. Dust refers to a mass of sedimentary solid particles smaller than 50 microns in diameter that disperses into the atmosphere, resulting in a 1-2 km decrease in horizontal view. Dust storms are events which naturally occur in arid and semi-arid areas, especially in subtropical latitudes. One of the most known sources of dust is the west of Asia, including Arabian Peninsula, Syria, Iraq, and southwest of Iran. Studies suggests that different sectors different sectors, including agriculture, civil infrastructure, industry, economy, tourism, and healthcare can be affected by the dust phenomenon. According to new findings, dust particles are more dangerous to public health compared to what was previously thought. Infiltration of these particles into the airbags by breathing polluted air increases the likelihood of respiratory disorders, cardiovascular disorders, eye inflammation, skin rashes, meningococcal meningitis, hepatic and cerebral necrosis, and abortion. In Iran, 29 provinces have been affected by the dust phenomenon in recent years. Being located in the dust belt in the West Asian region, Khuzestan province in southwestern Iran has been facing severe dust problems since 2001. Also, a 2011 World Health Organization report identifies Ahwaz as the world's most polluted city in terms of particles with an annual average of 372 micrograms per cubic meter PM10. Hence, more attention needs to be paid by researchers to the effects of this phenomenon in the field of health. Accordingly, the present study was conducted to investigate the statistical relationship between the dust events and cardiopulmonary mortality by sex and in sensitive and non-sensitive age groups in Khuzestan province during 2006-2016.
Methodology:
      Two categories of data were used for the purpose of this research:
A)     Dust data: including monitoring and horizontal view codes in Khuzestan province for the period of 2004-2016 which were obtained hourly from the Meteorological Organization and filtered and separated based on eleven dust codes of World Meteorological Organization (including 06, 07, 08, 09, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, and 98). Then, the frequency of dust events was classified on a monthly scale based on the data available in three main groups including local dust, trans-local dust and dust storms.
B)     Mortality data related to Khuzestan province during the period of 2004-2016, collected monthly from the National Organization for Civil Registration. The cardiac and respiratory mortality data were categorized into two groups of vulnerable (age group lower than 10 years and upper than 60 years old) and less vulnerable. Then, they were studied for each female and male groups, separately.
C)      
The Pearson Correlation test was used to reveal the relationship between monthly dust data and cardiopulmonary mortality. The One-Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used to compare the effect of dust between the two vulnerable and less vulnerable groups. Also according to the research structure, which is based on the formative model, the variance-based structural equation techniques(Partial Least Square), including indices unidimensionality, Structural Reliability, Convergent Validity,  coefficient of determination R2, Cohen effect size (F2) and path coefficient were used.
Results and discussion:
          According to the results of correlation test, dust and respiratory mortality have a strong (r = 0.698) and significant (at 99% confidence level) correlation. Respiratory mortality is higher in the first months after a dust storm, but its correlation gradually declines. The correlation between cardiac mortality in the early months after the dust event is weak, but has a strong and significant correlation after a delay of more than 6 months, with the highest correlation of r = .551 in 99% confidence level after an eight-month delay.
According to the results of one-way analysis of variance between vulnerable and less vulnerable groups, inter-group dispersion was higher than intra-group dispersion and as a result, there was a significant difference between vulnerable and less vulnerable groups when facing with dust. These results are significant at 99% confidence level.
According to the results of variance-based structural equations (PLS), all factor loadings are greater than 0.4 and, therefore, the indices unidimensionality is confirmed. Structural reliability and convergent validity coefficients for all variables are greater than 0.6 and 0.5, respectively, and as a result, the measurement pattern is confirmed. Based on the path coefficient values ​​and t-statistic calculated in the model for the vulnerable groups, all path coefficients were positive and greater than 0.1 for all variables except for female cardiac mortality. Accordingly, all path coefficients, except for the dust path coefficient and female cardiac mortality, have a clear effect at the 5% significance level, and the sign of all path coefficients is positive with the values ​​more than 0.1, except for dust and female cardiopulmonary mortality in the less vulnerable groups. Also, the t-statistic is greater than 1.96 for all variables except for female cardiopulmonary mortality.
Conclusion
          According to the results, there is a positive and significant relationship between dust and cardiopulmonary mortality. Also, dust and cardiac mortality showed the highest correlation with eight months delay. The results also show that there is a significant difference between cardiopulmonary mortality in age groups below 10 and over 65 years with other groups in the same dusty conditions. Also, in similar situations, men are more vulnerable to dust than women, and it is predicted that a 1% increase in monthly dust can cause a 0.31% and 0.28% increase in cardiac mortality and also a 0.41% and 0.30% increase in respiratory mortality in vulnerable and less vulnerable groups, respectively in Khuzestan province. These findings indicate the need for urgent planning to address the dust problem, as well as training and culturalization in dealing with this dangerous phenomenon.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
Dust, Khuzestan, cardiopulmonary mortality, ANOVA, PLS
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آمار
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