تبیین نقش شهرسازی تاکتیکال در ارتقا کیفیت محیطی بافت های تاریخی شهری(نمونه موردی: بافت تاریخی شهر شیراز)

فصلنامه علمی برنامه ریزی منطقه ای

مقاله 9، دوره 9، شماره 36، بهمن 1398، صفحه 135-148   

نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

علیرضا زارع¹؛ محمد رضا رضایی^{* 2}؛ حسنعلی لقائی²

¹دانشجو دکتری، گروه شهرسازی، واحد اهواز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اهواز، ایران.

²استاد مدعو، گروه شهرسازی، واحد اهواز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اهواز، ایران.

تاریخ دریافت: 03 دی 1398،  تاریخ پذیرش: 29 بهمن 1398 

چکیده

      امروزه بافت­های تاریخی شهرها با افول ارزش‌ها، کیفیات زندگی و محیطی در تمامی ابعاد شهری روبه‌رو شدند و این موضوع در صورتی است که شناخت ارزش‌ها، توانایی‌ها و پتانسیل‌های بافت‌ها تاریخی می‌تواند موجب توسعه و بهبود شرایط اقتصادی، اجتماعی، فرهنگی و کالبدی شهر گردد. لذا، کیفیت محیطی این بافت ها با توجه به نقش مشارکت مردم سبب برون رفت از مسائل و مشکلات مطرح شده می‌شود. این مقاله به تبیین نقش شهرسازی تاکتیکال به عنوان رهیافتی نوین در ارتقا کیفیت محیطی بافت های تاریخی شهری پرداخته شده است. رویکرد حاکم بر این پژوهش "توصیفی- تحلیلی" و "توصیفی- پیمایشی" است و به طور کلی تحقیق از لحاظ هدف کاربردی می باشد. جامعه­ی آماری ساکنین منطقه هشت شهر شیراز می­باشد. هم‌چنین، در تجزیه‌وتحلیل اطلاعات و داده­های پرسشنامه­ای از نرم‌افزار SPSS و آزمون فریدمن و رگرسیون چند متغیره استفاده شده است. نتایج پژوهش حاکی از آن است که توجه طراحی محیطی به عنوان پاتوق اجتماعی که می تواند در حضورپذیری افراد در فضاهای شهری مؤثر باشد، دارای بیشترین اثرگذاری در در ارتقا کیفیت محیطی بوده است. پس از آن دسترسی به خدمات تجاری و کیفیت طراحی محیطی در ایجاد فضای فراغتی بالاترین رتبه را به خود اختصاص داده اند. هم‌چنین، با توجه به موؤفه های بررسی شده بر اساس آزمون فریدمن به ترتیب مؤلفه های حضورپذیری، مشارکت و فراغت قرارگرفته شدند که هریک از این مؤلفه ها می توانند کیفیت محیطی بافت تاریخی شهر شیراز را بر اساس شهرسازی تاکتیکال موجب شوند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

شهرسازی تاکتیکال؛ کیفیت محیطی؛ بافت های تاریخی شهری

عنوان مقاله [English]

Explaining the Role of Tactical Urbanism in Enhancing the Environmental Quality of Urban Historical fabrics (Case Study: Historical fabric of Shiraz City)

نویسندگان [English]

Alireza Zare¹؛ Mohammadreza rezaei²؛ Hassanali Laghai²

¹PhD student in urban planning, Department of Urbanism, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad university, Ahvaz, Iran.

²Professor Department of Urbanism ,Department of Urbanism, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran.

چکیده [English]

         Today, the historical fabrics of cities are faced with declining values, quality of life and environment in all urban dimensions, while recognizing the values, abilities and potentials of historical contexts can improve and enhance the economic, social, cultural and physical conditions of the city. Therefore, the environmental quality of these tissues, due to the role of people's participation, leads to issues and problems. In this regard, this paper explores the role of tactical urbanization as a new approach in enhancing the environmental quality of urban historical fabrics. This research is a descriptive-analytical and a descriptive-survey research based on the researched components, also it is an applied based on the nature of the research topic and the aims of the research. The statistical population is inhabitants of Eighth district of Shiraz. SPSS software, Friedman test and multivariate regression were used for data analysis.The results indicated that attention to environmental design as a social hangout that can be effective in the presence of people in urban spaces has had the greatest impact on promoting environmental quality and then access to commercial services and environmental design quality in creating space. Leisure has the highest rank. Also, according to the components investigated in the research based on Friedman test, the components of attendance, participation and leisure were ranked, each of which could contribute to the environmental quality of the historical context of Shiraz based on tactical urbanization.
 
Key Words: Tactical Urbanism, Environmental Quality, Urban Historical fabrics.
 



 


 
 



 
Extend Abstract
Introduction:
         Today, the historical fabrics of cities are faced with declining values, quality of life and environment in all urban dimensions, while recognizing the values, abilities and potentials of historical contexts can improve and enhance the economic, social, cultural and physical conditions of the city. In this regard, numerous concepts, approaches, approaches and concepts have been proposed to improve the quality and environmental, functional and functional conditions of these contexts, including theoretical areas of environmental quality. On the other hand, considering the role of citizens' participation in revitalizing and enhancing the environmental quality of these textures, effective measures can be taken to address problems such as the inadequacy and inefficiency of urban services in the context, the decline in social security due to insufficient and adequate control and urban services. For residents and citizens in these contexts and so on. Also, in recent decades, tactical urbanization is one of the most innovative and innovative ways of satisfying citizens and benefiting from short-term projects at low cost. In this new approach, the main goal is to meet the needs of citizens in urban spaces through interventions, design and implementation of small-scale projects. Therefore, explaining the role of tactical urbanization as a new approach in enhancing the environmental quality of urban historical contexts is of more importance. Generally, The historical context of Shiraz, now the municipality of Shiraz District 8, now has a structure of approximately 378 hectares consisting of elements such as the Zandieh complex, Ahmadine Mousa Shah Shahragh and its bazaar, as well as the population of the area according to the 2016 Census. It has 75,000 people. Over the past decades, this texture has been degraded by the physical-spatial expansion process of Shiraz, resulting in problems such as access and passages, environmental pollution, lack of leisure facilities, leisure and recreational facilities, lack of green space, etc. And also during this period the attention of city managers and officials on the technical and physical aspects of the city. Therefore, considering the issues and problems of the study area, the question arises how to improve the historical texture of Shiraz city through tactical urbanization? On the other hand, according to the studies done for the purpose of research and reviewing the aforementioned backgrounds, it can be concluded that environmental quality assessment in urban areas has been evaluated from various aspects but providing integrated strategies leading to environmental quality improvement. Historical contexts of cities have not been taken into account with the new approach of tactical urbanization, which simultaneously focuses on improving the environmental quality of historic contexts and tactical urbanization in order to present strategies and strategies as the strength of the present study.
Methodology:
       According to the studied components, the nature of the subject and the aims of the research, the dominant approach in this research is "descriptive-analytical" and "descriptive-survey" and generally the research is applied in terms of purpose. The statistical population is inhabitants of Eighth district of Shiraz. The statistical population of the study is 9767 according to the latest census. Sample size was calculated based on Cochran formula of 369 persons. The researcher-made questionnaire was randomly distributed among the statistical population. SPSS software and Friedman test and multivariate regression were used for data analysis.
Results and discussion:
         To calculate the impact of each of the research variables, the correlation coefficient of each of the components in the research variables was calculated based on Pearson correlation coefficient. The coefficient of determination is 0.789, so the environmental quality indices clearly account for 0.789% of tactical urban change and the remaining 80.01% are related to different factors than the factors under study in the present study. The results of the study of the impact of tactical urbanization on environmental quality promotion show that environmental design attention as a social hangout with an impact factor of 12.3 had the greatest impact on environmental quality promotion. Access to business services with an average of 12.05 was ranked second and the quality of environmental design in the leisure space was ranked third with an impact factor of 11.7. On the other hand, the visual attraction with an impact factor of 3.61 was the lowest. On this basis, it can be said that attendance and leisure component are more important in explaining strategies to improve the environmental quality of the historical context of Shiraz city based on tactical urbanization. As can be seen from the results of this test, among the metrics examined, the presence variable had an average rating of 4.24 in the first rank. Partnership metrics with an average rating of 3.68 rank second in impact. Also, leisure component metrics rank third with an average rating of 3.59.In addition, Friedman test was used to rank the impacts of tactical urban planning measures on environmental quality improvement. As can be seen from the results of this test, among the metrics examined, the presence variable had an average rating of 4.24 in the first rank. Partnership metrics with an average rating of 3.68 rank second in impact. Also, leisure component metrics rank third with an average rating of 3.59.
Conclusion:
         In today's cities, and especially in the historical contexts of cities, one of the problems that has led to the decline of quality in different contexts is the existence of places that have become inefficient over time due to physical, environmental, economic and social dimensions; In other words, at the time of construction, these facilities had a variety of quality and pleasant amenities, but over time they were transformed into non-quality spaces that lack any amenities. It is also worth noting that the quality of the environment is not merely a quantitative and technical concept, but is associated with qualitative concepts such as quality of life, social activities, spatial dependencies, and so on. Influential components of quality play an important role in citizens' satisfaction in physical, social, economic, visual and environmental environments. So, executive solutions that can be suggested including naming the spaces in the historical context of Shiraz city for the purpose of identity in space; create dynamic and vibrant spaces; Create urban wall with visual beauty; Construct interactive spaces in the historical urban context to create a sense of cooperation among citizens; Use of vibrant and vibrant urban furniture in an urban historical context; Observance of color, facade, materials and architectural style appropriate to the vitality and identity of the texture through the development of criteria related to landscape and landscape in the form of enhancing the quality level of the visual context of the texture; Considering the need for all classes in the historical context of Shiraz; Dedicate programs to encourage citizens to build urban spaces based on social creativity; Provide funding to create interactive spaces based on the needs of residents.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

Tactical Urbanism, Environmental Quality, Urban Historical fabrics

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