ارزیابی اثرات اقتصادی اجرای طرح هادی در سکونتگاه‌های روستایی (مطالعه موردی: روستاهای شهرستان رباط‌کریم)

فصلنامه علمی برنامه ریزی منطقه ای

مقاله 8، دوره 10، شماره 39 - شماره پیاپی 38، آبان 1399، صفحه 79-94   

نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

سمیه عزیزی^{* 1}؛ وحید ریاحی²

¹دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی ارشد جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی روستایی، گروه جغرافیای انسانی، دانشکده علوم جغرافیایی، دانشگاه خوارزمی تهران، ایران

²دانشیار جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی روستایی، گروه جغرافیای انسانی، دانشکده علوم جغرافیایی، دانشگاه خوارزمی تهران، ایران.

تاریخ دریافت: 23 اردیبهشت 1398،  تاریخ بازنگری: 29 شهریور 1398،  تاریخ پذیرش: 26 مهر 1398 

چکیده

  از مهم‌ترین طرح‌های اجرایی دولت در زمینه عمران روستاها، تهیه و اجرای طرح هادی روستایی است و بر این نکته تأکید دارد که با ارتقای سطح کیفی ساختار کالبدی، ساختار اجتماعی و اقتصادی روستاهای کشور نیز متحول و از این راه زمینه‌های توسعه روستایی فراهم می‌شود. هر چند سیاست‌گذاران اثربخشی همه ‌جانبه‌ای را از اجرای این طرح دنبال می‌کنند، اما امروزه اهمیت اصلی و چشمگیر آن در اثربخشی اقتصادی است. سنجش میزان اثربخشی اجرای طرح هادی با تأکید بر بعد اقتصادی در شهرستان رباط‌کریم استان تهران که هدف اصلی این تحقیق به شمار می‌رود، نه تنها زمینه‌های شناخت بهتر نیازها، افزایش حس پاسخگویی و شکوفا کردن توانمندی‌های مجریان را فراهم می‌کند بلکه بستر مناسبی را برای تصمیم سازی و تصمیم‌گیری‌های منطقی و علمی ایجاد می‌نماید. این تحقیق به روش توصیفی - تحلیلی انجام شده است. جامعه آماری شامل تمامی روستاهایی است که بیش از یک دهه از زمان اتمام اجرای طرح هادی در آن‌ها سپری شده است. بر این اساس، 13 روستا مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است که با توجه به تعداد خانوارهای ساکن در آن‌ها و با استفاده از فرمول کوکران، تعداد 240 سرپرست خانوار به عنوان نمونه‌های خانوار تعیین گردید. برای تجزیه‌ و تحلیل داده‌ها از روش آماری T تک نمونه‌ای در نرم‌افزار Spssاستفاده شده است. یافته‌های پژوهش مؤید آن است که اختلاف معناداری بین سطح اثرات طرح هادی در مؤلفه‌های مختلف وجود دارد. در این راستا، بیشترین میزان اثرات این طرح در مؤلفه اشتغال روی داده است و در سایر مؤلفه‌ها، یعنی درآمد و سرمایه‌گذاری توفیق چندانی در محیط‌های روستایی حاصل نشده است. در آزمون کلی انجام‌ شده، آثار اقتصادی اجرای طرح هادی قابل توجه نبوده و این طرح نتوانسته است زمینه تغییرات اقتصادی را در ابعاد زندگی روستاییان فراهم کند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

طرح هادی روستایی؛ اثرات اقتصادی؛ ارزیابی؛ سکونتگاه‌های روستایی؛ شهرستان رباط‌کریم

عنوان مقاله [English]

Assessment the Economic Impact of Implementation of Guidance Plan in Rural Settlements (Case study: villages of Robatkarim)

نویسندگان [English]

somayeh azizi¹؛ Vahid Riahi²

¹M.A. Graduated of Geography and Rural Planning, Human Geography Group, Faculty of Geography, University of Tehran Kharazmi, Iran

²Associate Professor of Geography and Rural Planning, Human Geography Group, Faculty of Geography, University of Tehran Kharazmi, Iran.

چکیده [English]

The main implementation of the government in the field of rural construction is the preparation and implementation of a rural constituent plan. Although policymakers are pursuing all-round effectiveness from the implementation of this plan, today it is of major importance to economic effectiveness. Measuring the effectiveness of conducting a conductor plan with an emphasis on economic dimension in the city of Robatkarim, Tehran, which is the main objective of this research, not only provides the areas for better understanding of needs, increasing responsiveness and enhancing the capabilities of the executives, but also provides a suitable basis for decision. Making and making logical and scientific decisions. This research has been done by descriptive-analytical method. The statistical population includes all villages spent more than a decade after the completion of the conducting plan. Accordingly, 13 villages have been studied. According to the number of households in them, using the Cochran formula, 240 heads of household were determined as household samples. A one-sample T-test was used to analyze the data in SPSS software. The findings of the research confirm that, the highest impact of this project has been on the employment component, and in other components, income and investment have not been achieved much in rural environments. In the general test, the economic effects of conducting a conductor plan have not been remarkable, and this plan has failed to provide a framework for economic change in the dimensions of the lives of villagers.
Extended Abstract
Introduction
        Surveys conducted over the last century indicate that one of the slowdowns in development in Iran has been the weakness of local and regional planning. Rural development is one of the fundamental areas of national development. Due to the importance of rural development, almost early in the 21_st century, rural development programs became the focus of planners. One of the most important plans of the government in the field of rural development is the preparation and implementation of a rural conductor plan, which emphasizes that by improving the quality level of the physical structure, the social and economic structure of the rural areas of the country will also be changed and thus provided for rural development. Although policymakers pursue the all-encompassing effectiveness of this project, it is of major importance today in economic effectiveness. Rural Development Plan is one of the rural development projects that aims at rural welfare and with the purpose of creating a context of rural development according to cultural, economic and social conditions; equitable provision of social, productive and welfare facilities; guiding the physical condition of the village. Provision and implementation of facilities to improve rural housing and environmental and public services. Considering the importance of the conductor plan at the country level and considering that since the beginning of its activities in 1989 until the end of June 2019, 38246 conductors have been prepared and implemented in 18656 villages. In the economic aspect, it is important.
Methodology
        Since more than a decade has passed since the implementation of the Hadi project in some villages of Robat Karim city, the present study seeks to clarify the hidden angles of its implementation and analyze its effects on the rural community of Robat Karim city in the southwestern district of Tehran province. It intends to evaluate the economic impacts of implementation of the rural conductor plan using the one-sample T-test from the viewpoint of 13 target villages of Rabat-Karim. To evaluate the effects of the conductor plan on the economic dimension, three components have been investigated by a group of items in the Likert spectrum. Using Cochran's formula, 240 households were selected as the sample size using simple random sampling method and were questioned.
Results and Discussion
       According to the survey, of the 240 respondents, 32% were female and 68% male. Survey of the educational status of the respondents shows that the highest number of the respondents was 42%. After that, people with a diploma with 14%, illiterate with 38% and those with a diploma degree and above with 6%. According to the results, the highest age of the respondents was 58% between 30-54 years old. In order to evaluate and evaluate the economic effects of the implementation of the conductor plan on rural life three indicators of employment, income and investment with 12 components were used. In the "employment" variable, the components of new job opportunities with a mean of 3.40 and the tendency to start and expand a business with a mean of 2.96 had the highest and the lowest mean respectively. In the “income” variable, the implementation of the conductor plan improved the income situation by an average of 3.32 but did not have a significant effect on reducing the economic inequality variable. In the "investment" variable, the implementation of the conductor plan motivated investment in the service sector with a mean of 3.05. Investments in the agricultural and industrial sectors have been less, and the rural investment incentives have an average of 2.29. The results show that except the employment component with a mean of 3.12, in terms of income and investment, the effects of the conductor plan on rural economic development were lower than the theoretical average. Summarizing the findings of the present study, it shows that the overall effect of conductor design on the components related to economic dimension is lower than the theoretical average and this confirms the functional weakness of conductor design in the studied villages. Thus, the implementation of the rural conductor project has not been economically successful in the villages.
Conclusion
         Rural conductor plan has taken an important step in the spatial organization of rural areas of the country and despite the shortcomings, it is considered to be an effective action in directing and physical development of villages and given that physical improvement of villages is a priority in conductor design. Therefore, one of the most important measures of this plan is the elimination of rural physical deficiencies and is considered as an important tool in organizing the physical structure of the villages. Although rural conductor schemes are mainly of a physical nature, however, rural development and development must take into account all aspects, including the economic conditions of the villages. Consideration of other goals such as equipping facilities by creating productive facilities, creating an appropriate working environment, creating a rational fit between population and various functions, especially the production needs of the village, also illustrates the particular focus of the conductor plan on the economic and productive issues of the villages. One of the important measures that can help to strengthen and sustain the effects of the conductor plan is their monitoring and evaluation, which form part of the present research vision. Evaluation of these projects will inform executives and stakeholders about the strengths and weaknesses of this project and rural development plans. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to evaluate the economic impacts of conducting the plan in rural settlements of Rabat-Karim city. In order to achieve this goal, the information obtained from the completed rural questionnaires was analyzed. One-sample T-test was used to examine the partial impact of the effects of the conductor plan on each of the economic components considered in the research (employment, income, and investment). In this regard, number 3 was used as the theoretical mean of evaluating the economic effects of the plan on these components. , Was considered. The results show that except the employment component with a mean of 3.12, in terms of income and investment, the effects of the conductor plan on rural economic development were lower than the theoretical average. Summarizing the findings of the present study, it shows that the overall effect of conductor design on the components related to economic dimension is lower than the theoretical average and this confirms the functional weakness of conductor design in the studied villages.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

Rural Conductor Plan, Economic effects, Assessment, Rural settlements, City of Robatkarim

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