تحلیل فضایی فقر شهری از لحاظ شاخص‌های کالبدی در کلان شهر اصفهان

فصلنامه علمی و پژوهشی پژوهش و برنامه ریزی شهری

مقاله 2، دوره 12، شماره 44، اردیبهشت 1400، صفحه 21-38   

نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.30495/jupm.2021.3989

نویسندگان

حافظ مهدنژاد^{* 1}؛ علیرضا غلامی²

¹گروه جغرافیا، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه سیدجمال الدین اسدآبادی،‌اسدآباد، ایران

²گروه جغرافیا، دانشگاه لرستان، خرم آباد ایران

تاریخ دریافت: 13 مهر 1398،  تاریخ بازنگری: 22 دی 1398،  تاریخ پذیرش: 22 دی 1398 

چکیده

استان اصفهان­، به عنوان صنعتی­ترین استان کشور در مدت یک دهۀ گذشته شناخته می­شود و به همین خاطر به یکی از مهاجرپذیرترین استان­های کشور تبدیل شده است. این مهاجرت بی­رویه و کنترل نشده پیامدهای نامطلوبی از جمله حاشیه­نشینی و تشکیل محله­های فقیرنشین را به دنبال داشته است. بر همین اساس هدف پژوهش حاضر، تحلیل فضایی و پهنه­بندی محله­های فقیرنشین کلان­شهر اصفهان بر اساس شاخص­های کالبدی جهت برنامه‌ریزی بهتر برای ساماندهی، توانمندسازی و افزایش کیفیت زندگی آنها است. پژوهش حاضر از نوع کاربردی و روش آن، توصیفی-تحلیلی است. داده­های پژوهش از بلوک­های آماری(1395) مرکز آمار ایران تهیه شده­اند. روش­های آماری مورد استفاده برای تحلیل داده­ها، مشتمل بر  AHP ، تاپسیس (Topsis) وHotspot است. بر اساس یافته­های پژوهش، شاخص­های قدمت بنا(با امتیاز 246 %)، ریزدانگی(با امتیاز 192/0) و تسهیلات(با امتیاز 181/0) تأثیر بیشتری در شکل­گیری پهنه­های فقر در کلان­شهر اصفهان را داشته­اند. شاخص­های قدمت بنا و تعداد اتاق به ترتیب بیشترین و کم­ترین ضریب تاثیر را داشته­اند. بر اساس شاخص نهایی وضعیت فقر از لحاظ شاخص­های کالبدی، 30 محله(16/15 %) دارای کیفیت مناسب، 35 محله(23/18 %) دارای کیفیت نسبتاًمناسب، 38 محله(79/19 %) در وضعیت متوسط، 45 محله (44/23 %) در وضعیت نسبتاً نامناسب و در نهایت 22 محله معادل 46/11 % از کل محله­ها در وضعیت نامناسبی قرار دارند. در واقع، حدود 35% از محله­های کلان­شهر اصفهان در وضعیت نامناسبی قرار دارند. نتایج پژوهش بیانگر آن است که محله­های دارای ارزش‌های بالاتر از میانگین در مرکز و تا حدودی در جنوب شهر و محله­های دارای ارزش پایین­تر از میانگین در شرق کلان­شهر اصفهان قرار گرفته‌اند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

محله‌های فقیرنشین؛ توانمندسازی؛ تحلیل فضایی؛ تحلیل سلسله‌مراتبی‌؛ کلان‌شهر اصفهان

عنوان مقاله [English]

Spatial Analysis of Urban Poverty in Physical Indicators (Case Study: Isfahan Metropolis)

نویسندگان [English]

hafez mahdnejad¹؛ alireza gholami²

¹Department of Geography, Faculty of Humanities, Sayed Jamaluddin Asadabad University, Assad, Iran

²Department of Geography, Lorestan University, Khorramabad Iran

چکیده [English]

Isfahan province has been recognized as the most industrialized province in the country for the past decade and has therefore become one of the most migrant provinces in the country. This irregular and uncontrolled migration has had undesirable consequences, including the suburbanization and the formation of slums. Accordingly, the purpose of the present study is spatial analysis and zoning of slums of Isfahan metropolitan area based on physical indicators for better planning for organizing, empowering and enhancing their quality of life. This study is an applied one and its method is descriptive-analytical. The research data were obtained from Statistical Blocks of Iran Statistical Center (2016). Statistical methods used for data analysis include AHP, Topsis and Hotspot. Based on finding, the indexes of age of the building (246%), building materials (0.192), and facilities (0.181) had a greater impact on the formation of poverty zones in the Isfahan metropolitan area. Building age indicators whit (246%) and number of room’s whit (096%) respectively, have the highest and lowest impact coefficients. Based on the final index of poverty status in terms of physical indices, 30 neighborhoods (15.16%) are of good quality, 35 neighborhoods (18.23%) are of relatively poor quality, 38 neighborhoods (19.79%) are in moderate condition, 45 neighborhoods. (23.44%) are in poor condition and finally 22 neighborhoods (11.46%) are in poor condition. In fact, about 35% of Isfahan metropolitan areas are in poor condition. The results indicate that neighborhoods with higher than average values are located in the center and partly south of the city and neighborhoods with lower than average values are located east of the metropolitan area of Isfahan.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

slums, Empowerment, Spatial analysis, hierarchical analysis, Isfahan metropolis

مراجع

1. Aasland, A and T. Flotten (2001). Ethnicity and Social Exclusion in Estonia and Latvia, Europe-Asia Studies, 53(7):  1023-1049.
2. Alavi, S. A. Shakeri Mansour, E. Grossey, A. (2018). Measuring Spatial Distribution of Urban Poverty Using Decision Making Models in GIS (Case Study: Babylon's 12 Regions), Journal of Geographical Sciences, 14 (28): 181-197.
3. Alkire, S. (2011). Multidimensional Poverty and its Discontents, OPHI Working Papers, 46(2011):1-30, University of Oxford.
4. Andersen, H. T­. (2004). Spatial-Not Social Polarization Social Change And Segregation In Copenhagen, The Greek Review of Social Research, 113(2004): 145-165.
5. Battison, D. Cruces, G. Lopez-Calva, L. F. Lugo, M. A. Santos, M. E. (2013). Income and beyond: Multidimensional poverty in six Latin American countries. Social Indicators Research, 112(2), 291–314.
6. Christiaensen, L. Kanbur, R. (2017). Secondary Towns and Poverty Reduction: Refocusing the Urbanization Agenda. Charles H. Dyson School of Applied Economics and Management Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA.
7. Dehghani, H. (2019). The Typology of 15 Isfahan Urban Areas with Emphasis on Social Injuries in Ultra Malignant Neighborhoods, Journal of Applied Sociology, 30 (74): 117-136.
8. Dehury, B. Mohanty, S. K. (2015). Regional Estimates of Multidimensional Poverty in India, Economics Discussion Papers, 34(205):1-23, Kiel Institute for the World Economy.
9. Elhadary Y. A. E. (2011). Political Economy and Urban Poverty in the Developing Countries: Lessons Learned from the Sudanese Experience, Journal of Geography and Geology, 3(1): 212-223.
10. Haizzan, Y. M. Firdaus, R. B. R. Samsurijan, M. S. Latiff, A. R. A. Singh, P. S. J. Jaafar, M. H. & Vadevelu, K. (2018). Urban Poverty and Housing: Social Work Issues. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 8(9): 1111–1118.
11. Javaheri, H. Hatami Nejad, H. Ziari, K. Pour Ahmad, A. (2014). Fuzzy Approach and Multidimensional Poverty Zoning in Urban Spaces (Case Study: Kamyaran City), Journal of Regional Planning, 4 (13): 13-30.
12. Kalantari, M. Meshkini, A. Piri, I. Kaviani, A. Z. (2019). Structural Analysis of Barriers to Community-Based Empowerment in Informal Areas (Case Study: Banbarz Ilam Neighborhood), Journal of Urban Research and Planning, 10 (36): 21-32.
13. Kim, M. Kim, S. (2018). Multidimensional Poverty of Youth in South Korea, Policy Report, 3(2018):1-74, Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs.
14. Koç, A. Ata, A. Y.  Çirkin, Z. (2013). Empirical Investigation on Globalization and Social Polarization: Cross Country Analysis, International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, 3(1): 206-213.
15. Loktieva, I. (2016), Approaches to Empirical Analysis of Social Exclusion: International Comparison, Economics and Sociology, 9(2): 148-157.
16. Manuchehri Miandoab, A. Envary, A. Ahar, H. (2019). An Analysis on Spatial Justice and its Impact on Political Ecology of Cities, Case Study: Tehran Metropolis, Journal of Urban Research and Planning, 10 (38): 89- 100.
17. Mitlin, D. Satterthwaite, D. (2013). Urban Poverty in the Global South: Scale and Nature. Routledge, London, 2013.
18. Montgomery M. (2009). Urban Poverty and Health in developing Countries, Population Reference Bureau, 64(2):1-18.
19. Nasiri, I. (2018). Urban Poverty Reduction Strategies with Emphasis on Local Communities (Case Study: Bisim Neighborhood of Zanjan), Journal of Urban Planning Studies, 2 (7): 107-125.
20. Nikpour, A. Lotfi, S. Hassanaliizadeh, M. (2019). Spatial Analysis of Urban Poverty by Factor Analysis Method; Sample Study: Ghaemshahr, Journal of Spatial Planning, 9 (32): 103-124.
21. Qadiri, M. Hekmatnia, H. Allahyari Bayatiani, L. (2019). Investigating the Sustainability of Physical Environment in Slums with Emphasis on Social Capital (Case Study: Zamzam Neighborhood of Tehran), Journal of Urban Research and Planning, 10 (38): 13-24.
22. Ravallion M. (2016). Growth, Urbanization and Poverty Reduction in India, Presentation at the World Resources Institute, Feb. 11, 2016, WRI Cities Research Seminar Series.
23. Rawal, N. (2008). Social Inclusion and Exclusion: A Review, Dhaulagiri Journal of Sociology and Anthropology, 2(2008):161-180.
24. Rezaee. M. Alyan, M. Khavarian, A. (2015). Identifying and Evaluating Spatial Extensions of Urban Poverty in Yazd City, Human Geography Research, 46 (3): 677-695.
25. Rostaee, S. Ahmadinejad Rushti, M. Asghari Zaman, A. Zanganeh, A .(2013). Spatial Distribution of Urban Poverty in Kermanshah City, Journal of Social Welfare, 12 (45): 77-101.
26. Rostaee, S. Karimzadeh, H. Rahmati, K. (2017). Analysis of Spatial Inequalities Based on Social, Economic and Physical Indicators in Mid-Century Cities (Case Study: Miandoab City), Urban Planning Geography Research, 4 (3): 449-471.
27. Satterthwaite D. (2004). The under-estimation of urban poverty in low- and middle-income nations, Working Paper on Poverty Reduction in Urban Areas 14; April 2004.
28. Tacoli C. (2012). Urbanization, gender and urban poverty: paid work and unpaid carework in the city, Urbanization and Emerging Population Issues Working Paper, 7 March 2012.
29. Tacoli, C.  McGranahan, G. Satterthwaite, D. (2014). Urbanization, Rural–urban Migration and Urban Poverty, Human Settlements Group, International Institute for Environment and Development, London, 2014.
30. Zadvali, F. Rostaee, S. Husseinzadeh Dalir, K. (2017). Spatial Analysis of Urban Poverty Spread in Tabriz, Geographical Planning of Space Quarterly Journal, 6 (22): 125-136.
31. Zangane, A. Takhabi, H. R. Gazarani, F. Yousefi Fashaki, M. (2016). Spatial Extensions of Arak Urban Poverty. Journal of Spatial Analysis of Environmental Hazards, 2 (1): 93-107.
32. Zebardast, E. Ramazani, R.­ (2017). Measuring Urban Poverty and Its Relationship with Access to Urban Services in Qazvin, Journal of Architecture and Urban Design – HONAR-HA-ZIBA, 21 (2): 55-45.
33. Zwiers,M. Kleinhans, R. van Ham, M.(2015). Divided Cities: Increasing Socio-Spatial Polarization within Large Cities in the Netherlands, February 2015.