تحلیل نقش سرمایه اجتماعی بر ارتقای تاب آوری در برابر خشکسالی (مورد مطالعه: روستاهای شهرستان کنگاور)

فصلنامه علمی برنامه ریزی منطقه ای

مقاله 5، دوره 10، شماره 38، مرداد 1399، صفحه 65-80   

نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

احمد ملکان^{* 1}؛ فضیله دادور خانی²؛ سید حسن مطیعی لنگرودی³؛ علیرضا دربان آستانه⁴

¹دانشجوی دکتری جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی روستایی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

²استاد گروه جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی روستایی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

³استاد گروه جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی روستایی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

⁴دانشیار گروه جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی روستایی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

تاریخ دریافت: 15 بهمن 1397،  تاریخ بازنگری: 07 اردیبهشت 1398،  تاریخ پذیرش: 26 مهر 1398 

چکیده

تجربه زیستی حیات بشر نشان می دهد برخی از جوامع در برخورد با بحران رفتار تاب آورتری را از خود نشان می­دهند. یکی از عوامل اثرگذار ظرفیت های موجود در جامعه و یکی از این ظرفیت های مهم سرمایه اجتماعی است. اهمیت این سرمایه از این رواست که در مواجهه با بلایا از جمله خشکسالی کمترین آسیب را نسبت به سایر سرمایه ها به خود می بیند. پژوهش حاضر به لحاظ هدف کاربردی و به روش کمی انجام شده است. و در صدد بررسی ارتباط بین سرمایه اجتماعی و تاب آب آوری در برابر خشکسالی می­باشد. برای تجزیه و تحلیل داده ها از آمار توصیفی و آمار استنباطی در قالب نرم افزارهای SPSS و AMOS  شامل آزمون­های روایی و معادلات ساختاری جهت آزمون فرضیه­ها استفاده شده­است. داده­های مورد نیاز در این پژوهش با بهره­­گیری از روش کتابخانه­ای و میدانی گردآوری شده است. جامعه آماری پژوهش شامل 13000 نفر از افراد روستایی شهرستان کنگاور بوده است. حجم نمونه از طریق فرمول کوکران و به تعداد 373 نفر انتخاب گردیده­است. پایایی پژوهش با روش آلفای کرونباخ نشان دهنده پایایی0/7 می­باشد که رقمی قابل اتکاست. نتایج پژوهش نشان داد که میان مولفه­ سرمایه اجتماعی در ابعاد درون گروهی، ارتباط دهنده و سازمانی با تاب­آوری به ترتیب همبستگی مثبت و معناداری 39.، 32. و 36. وجود دارد. همچنین نتایج بدست آمده از معادلات ساختاری نشان داد که با ارتقا یک واحد سرمایه اجتماعی 0.48 انحراف معیار تاب­اوری 42.22 ارتقا پیدا خواهد کرد. همچنین بارهای عاملی بدست آمده نشان می­دهد که متغییرهای سرمایه اجتماعی مورد استفاده با تاب­آوری تناسب بسیار بالایی دارد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

خشکسالی؛ سرمایه اجتماعی درون گروهی؛ سرمایه اجتماعی ارتباط دهنده؛ سرمایه اجتماعی سازمانی؛ تاب‌آوری؛ کنگاور

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Impact of Social Capital on Improving Drought Resilience (Case Study: Kangaveh County Villages)

نویسندگان [English]

ahmad malekan¹؛ fazileh khani²؛ hasan motiee langroodi³؛ alireza darban astaneh⁴

¹Phd Student of geography and rural planning, faculty of geography, university of Tehran

²Prof. of geography and rural planning, faculty of geography, university of Tehran

³Prof. of geography and rural planning, faculty of geography, university of Tehran

⁴Assistant prof. of geography and rural planning, university of Tehran

چکیده [English]

   The lived experience of human life has shown that some societies indicate more resilient behavior. One of the effective factors back to capacities in society. One of the most important and most effective of these properties is social capital. The importance of this capital is that, in dealing with disasters like droughts, it has the least damage to other assets. The main purpose of this research is to investigate the relationship between social capital and drought resiliency.This study has been conducted with a Practical and quantitative approach.To analyze the data, descriptive statistics and inferential statistics were used in SPSS and AMOS software, including validation tests and structural equations for testing hypotheses.The required data in this research were collected using a library and field method. The statistical population of the study included 13000 rural people in the city of Kangavar. The sample size was chosen by the Cochran method that was considered 320 people. The reliability of the research by Cronbach's alpha method is a reliability of 0.7. Which is reliable. The results showed that there is a positive and significant correlation between social capital component in dimensions of bonding, bridging, with resilience (39, 32, and 36). Also, the results of regression analysis showed that by increasing a social capital unit 0.48, the standard deviation of resilience 42.22 would improved. finally, the factorized loads show that the social capital variables used with the resiliency are fit strongly.
Extended Abstract
Introduction:
       Natural disasters have always accompanied of humankind, and in addition to it, in recent decades, it has been obligatory to deal with technological disasters .Although global experiences show that human has been faced  disaster  during thousands of years, scientific research on this subject, especially with the sociology approach  is new ,the important point is that people  have had different attitude and perception about disasters .but Man has always run in to various disasters during his lifetime .The lived experience of human life has indicated  that human have responded in different ways to different stages of the crisis. What I mean is   some societies show more resilient behavior.  In fact, the capitals and resources of each society affect the way society confronts disasters. One of the most important and most effective of these funds is social capital The importance of this capital is that it has the least damage to other assets in dealing with disasters, like  droughts.Hence, social capital is one of the important agent  that can improve  community resilience. That is why social interaction steam from daily action and participation can be a valuable resource for creating and sustaining resilience through mechanisms such as risk sharing, mutual assistance and participation. In this way, the resilience approach from passive to acting   can provide an opportunity to vital networks for mutual support between groups that are improved through social capital. The importance of this capital is that it has the least damage to other assets run in to disasters, like droughts.
Methodology:
          There are various views on this subject, One of these perspectives Which has just been raised, Resilience as a community capacity In order to respond to change, it is adapted adaptively This can mean changing to a new state Which is more stable in the current environment The system's capacity The concept of changeable To change the stable landscape and create new system direction When the ecological, economic, and social structures of the existing system are weakened , So resilience as the capacity of social-ecological systems to guide the transition from the current state to alternate state is based on favorite direction Risky events can be considered as catalyst for learning, transformation and growth in the community In other words ,it is worth while to mention that  the resilience steam from experiencing and learning  during disorders.
Results and discussion:
         This study has been conducted with a Practical and quantitative approach. The required data in this research were collected using a library and field method.  Our  the data  were divided into three general sections. In this way, the bonding  through questions such as the hope of each  other, Financial support each other to start a new business, giving each other  information about government and non-state assistance through  family members. bridging (neighbors and friends), through questions such as Through people's help each other, helping each other in the different  stages of agro-business activities, as well as informing about different issues to each other.Finally, linking through was measured by offering low interest rates to start a new business, providing grants and providing the necessary training to the villagers. Resilience through  protect of Biodiversity as a tourist attraction, the formation of new businesses in the countryside, including handicrafts, agricultural supplements, the creation of a microfinance fund for financial protecting  each other, increasing local participation for take full advantage of  resources, like  water, using  Livestock and bio fertilizers to strengthen soil, using  moisture absorbing materials, modify irrigation activity, including one in the field of canola cultivation, the construction of a pool to collect surface water, land consolidation in order to save costs, Cultivating drought resistant products. The statistical population of the study included 13000 rural people in the city of  Kangavar.  Using the Cochran formula, the sample size was considered 320 people. The reliability of the research by Cronbach's alpha method is a reliability of 0.7. Which is reliable. In the present research, social capital has been studied in terms of bonding (within the family  ,family members), bridging (neighbors and friends), and linking (organizations).
Conclusion:
          The results showed that there is a positive and significant correlation between social capital component in dimensions of bonding, bridging, with resilience (39, 32, and 36). Also, the results of regression analysis showed that by increasing a social capital unit 0.48, the standard deviation of resilience   42.22 would improve . Therefore, planners should identify the limits on increasing of social capital at the local level and provide and implement necessary measures to eliminate them. In fact, raising social capital by attracting trust and cooperation and participation of the villagers in planning and policy is leading   to an increased resilience of social systems against possible changes. In general, increasing trust and social capital among individuals will enhance community resilience against risks, as well as increase adaptability and reduce vulnerability

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

Drought, Social Capital, Resilience, kangavar

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