تحلیلی بر قاچاق کالا و عوامل مؤثر بر آن در روستاهای شهرستان مرزی سراوان

فصلنامه علمی برنامه ریزی منطقه ای

مقاله 5، دوره 10، شماره 37، اردیبهشت 1399، صفحه 63-76   

نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

حجت اله شرفی^{* 1}؛ علی شکور²؛ یاسمین درازهی³

¹استادیار بخش جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی شهری، دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان، کرمان، ایران

²استاد گروه جغرافیای انسانی، واحد مرودشت، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، مرودشت، ایران

³کارشناسی ارشد برنامه ریزی آمایش سرزمین، دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان، کرمان، ایران

تاریخ دریافت: 25 آبان 1398،  تاریخ بازنگری: 04 فروردین 1399،  تاریخ پذیرش: 04 فروردین 1399 

چکیده

قاچاق کالا، یکی از مؤلفه‌های مهم فساد اقتصادی است، قاچاق پدیده شوم و مخربی است اصولاً کالاهای قاچاق از مناطق مرزی وارد می‌شوند و سپس در تمام کشور توزیع می‌شود. مرز یا سرحد به خط فاصل میان دو کشور گفته می شود، لذا مرزها از این لحاظ دارای اهمیت بسیار زیادی هستند. یکی از مهم‌ترین تأثیرات اقتصادی شهرستان‌های مرزی وجود پدیده قاچاق است که به طرق مختلف در این شهرستان‌ها جریان دارد، به همین منظور هدف تحقیق حاضر تحلیلی بر قاچاق کالا و عوامل موثر بر آن در روستاهای شهرستان مرزی سراوان می‌باشد. با توجه به هدف فرضیه تحقیق این‌گونه بیان شده‌است: به نظر می‌رسد ساختارهای ضعیف اقتصادی مهم‌ترین عامل قاچاق کالا در روستاهای شهرستان مرزی سراوان می‌باشد. روش انجام تحقیق تحلیلی- توصیفی و شیوه جمع‌آوری اطلاعات اسنادی، کتابخانه‌ای، میدانی و تکمیل پرسشنامه بوده است و همچنین تجزیه‌وتحلیل داده‌ها با استفاده از نرم‌افزارSPSS (آزمونTتک نمونه‌ای و رگرسیون چندمتغیره) صورت گرفته است. نتایج حاصل از آزمون T تک نمونه‌ای نشان می‌دهد که نواحی روستایی موردمطالعه شهرستان مرزی سراوان از وضعیت بسیار نامناسب ساختارهای توسعه اقتصادی، اجتماعی، امنیتی و زیست‌محیطی برخوردارند. همچنین نتایج حاصل از رگرسیون چندمتغیره نشان می‌دهد که شاخص اقتصادی، با بتای 413/0 بیشترین تأثیر را بر قاچاق کالا در روستاهای شهرستان مرزی سراوان دارد و متغیر امنیتی با بتای 380/0 در رتبه دوم و شاخص اجتماعی، با بتای 344/0 در رتبه سوم قرارگرفته است و همچنین متغیر زیست‌محیطی با بتای 263/0 با قرارگیری در رتبه آخر، کمترین تأثیر را بر قاچاق کالا در روستاهای شهرستان مرزی سراوان داشته است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

قاچاق کالا؛ اقتصاد مرزی؛ روستا؛ مرز؛ شهرستان سراوان

عنوان مقاله [English]

An Analysis on the Trafficking of Goods and its Factors in the Frontier Villages of Saravan County

نویسندگان [English]

hojatollah sharafi¹؛ Ali shakoor²؛ yasamin dorrazehi³

¹Assistant Professor, Faculty of Literature and Humanities University of Shahid Bahonar kerman, kerman, Iran

²Professor, Faculty of Humanities, Islamic Azad University of Marvdasht, Marvdasht, Iran

³MSc. in Land Use Planning, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, University of Shahid Bahonar Kerman, Kerman, Iran

چکیده [English]

      Smuggling goods is one of the major components of economic corruption. Basically, smuggled goods are imported from the border areas and then distributed throughout the country, making borders very important in this regard. One of the hallmarks of a healthy economy is the lack of low-level trafficking. One of the most important economic impacts of border towns is the occurrence of smuggling phenomena in different cities. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to analyze the smuggling goods and its effective factors in the border town of Saravan. According to the purpose of the research, the hypothesis is as follows: Weak economic structures seem to be the most important cause of smuggling in villages of the border town of Saravan. The method of research was descriptive-analytical, the data were collected through documentary, and library, field and questionnaire sources, and data were analyzed using SPSS software (one sample t-test and multivariate regression). The results of the single-sample t-test show that the economic, social, security and environmental development structures are in very poor condition in the rural areas under study in the border town of Saravan.Also, the results of multivariate regression show that economic index with 0.413 beta has the most effect on smuggling in border villages of Saravan, the security variable with the beta of 0.380 and the social index with the beta of 0.344 are in the second and third place and the environmental variable with the beta of 0.263 has the least impact on the smuggling of goods in villages of the border County of Saravan.
Extended Abstract
Introduction:
        Smuggling is one of the most important components of economic corruption. It is a perverse and destructive phenomenon that is mainly smuggled out of the border areas and then distributed throughout the country. The most important challenge facing security in border regions is unemployment and dissatisfaction with economic activity. The economic development of countries requires economic security. The smuggling of goods endangers the economic security of a country and is one of the complex economic and social phenomena which is sometimes referred to as the hidden economy. Smuggling of goods damages the economic information system of countries and eliminates the possibility of planning for long-term growth. The phenomenon of smuggling of goods for various purposes has historically existed in inter-residential spaces. Saravan is one of the most sensitive and strategic border areas of the country, which is isolated and non-hazardous in nature due to lack of welfare and lack of incentives to live, high unemployment rate in the city, lack of industrial units and prolonged drought with very poor economy. Is. Also, due to its geographical location of 384 km from the common border with Pakistan, the economy of the city is directly and indirectly affected by the smuggling of goods. Therefore, the purpose of the present study is to analyze the smuggling of goods and its influencing factors in the villages of Saravan border town. According to the purpose of the research hypothesis is as follows: fragile economic structures seem to be the most important factor in the smuggling of goods in the border villages of Saravan.
Methodology:
          This is a descriptive-analytical survey based on a survey method that uses a questionnaire. In the present study, the scale used is a 5-point Likert scale. Accordingly, social, economic, environmental and security indices have been used to identify the research subject and gain the necessary theoretical insight and extract the theoretical concepts related to the research subject. The main focus of the research in field studies is on survey method. The statistical population of this study was 5840 rural residents of 8 border villages (Kalatak, Kardegan, Haghabad, Murati, Accommodation, Kopec, Jakkan and Pecken) in Saravan city, which according to Morgan table was 361 people. The collected data were entered into SPSS software and statistical tests (one-sample T-test and multivariate regression) were used to analyze the data. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by experts and Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to calculate the reliability of the items, which was calculated 0.749.
Findings:
          According to the findings of a sample test on the components of economic index in the rural areas of the border town of Saravan, All the components have been accepted with significance level (0.00) which means that smuggling of goods has an impact on the economy of Saravan border village. Agricultural activities, especially date palms, as a complement to development if weather conditions, especially rainfall, are part of the economy and a sustainable source of frontier inhabitants and cross-border trade due to economic-security constraints and temporary closure of the border. The border economy has had the most positive effects on the border regions. According to the findings of Sample Tatech test regarding the components of social index in the villages of Saravan Frontier Township, all of the components have a significant level of significance (0.00) and have an impact on the social structures of Saravan Frontier Township villages. Among the factors examined, the two components of educated people in the Saravan frontier areas and the participation of frontier citizens in political affairs such as elections have had the most positive effects on social issues in the frontier areas and the deprivation of frontier areas and proximity to Pakistan and being the same language. (Baluchi language) has had the most negative impact on the social category of smuggling in the Saravan border region. According to the findings of the Sample TITEC test regarding the environmental index components in the villages of Saravan border town, all of the components with a significant level of less than (0.00) were acceptable and influenced the environmental development of the villages of Saravan border town. According to the findings of the Sample TITEC test regarding the security index components in Saravan border villages, all of the components with a significant level of less than (0.00) were accepted and affected the security of Saravan border village.
Conclusion:
         The positive economic effects of trafficking on border towns and villages such as livelihoods, income and family welfare, as well as investment in other economic activities such as services, housing, etc., can be He said the phenomenon had a major role in boosting employment, reducing unemployment and the household economy of those areas and positively impacting the development of those areas. However, overall, job opportunities are lost throughout the country and the incentive to produce real is increased and attention is paid to the import substitution approach and other social and environmental sectors due to the introduction of cultural goods and plant pests. From informal sources can lead to many cultural and environmental consequences. The results of multivariate regression also show that economic index with 0.413 beta has the most effect on commodity trafficking in Saravan border villages and security variable with 0.380 beta and social index with 0.344 beta. It is ranked third and also the environmental variable with a beta of 263 has the least impact on the trafficking of goods in the rural areas of Saravan.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

Smuggling goods, Border Economics, Village, Border, Saravan County

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