تبیین نقش نماهای شهری در ایجاد دلبستگی به مکان در بین شهروندان (نمونه موردی: نماهای مسکونی شهر تهران)

فصلنامه علمی و پژوهشی پژوهش و برنامه ریزی شهری

مقاله 15، دوره 11، شماره 40، اردیبهشت 1399، صفحه 217-232   

نوع مقاله: مقاله برگرفته از پایان نامه

نویسندگان

آناهیتا ظریف‌پور لنگرودی¹؛ فریبا البرزی^{* 2}؛ جمال الدین سهیلی³

¹دانشجوی دکتری، گروه معماری، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، واحد قزوین، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، قزوین، ایران.

²استادیار معماری، گروه معماری ،دانشکده معماری وشهرسازی ،واحد قزوین ،دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی ،قزوین ،ایران.

³استادیار، گروه معماری، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، واحد قزوین، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، قزوین، ایران.

تاریخ دریافت: 01 دی 1398،  تاریخ بازنگری: 30 فروردین 1399،  تاریخ پذیرش: 30 فروردین 1399 

چکیده

     این پژوهش به بررسی نماهای مسکونی منتخب مسابقات معماری و تبیین نقش نما در ایجاد دلبستگی به مکان در بین شهروندان تهران می­­­پردازد. هدف اصلی تحقیق، بررسی و شناسایی عناصر نما با تأکید بر معانی و ادراکات ذهنی شهروندان و نقش نما در ایجاد دلبستگی به مکان می­باشد. تحقیق از نوع کاربردی است و جهت ارزیابی مؤلفه‌های تدوین‌شده در مدل مفهومی از ترکیب روش­های پژوهش پیمایشی و روش توصیفی تحلیلی (تحلیل محتوا) استفاده ‌شده است. نتایج تحلیل‌های کمی و کیفی نمایانگر آن است که نماهای ساختمانی را می‌توان در قالب ابعاد کالبدی (بتا:322/0)، ادراکی-احساسی (بتا: 284/0) و عملکردی- فعالیتی (بتا: 217/0) بررسی نمود. همچنین، عامل کالبدی با ضریب بتا 322/0 مهم­ترین اثرگذاری را بر احساس دلبستگی به مکان ایفا می­کند. مبتنی بر یافته­های آزمون فریدمن مؤلفه‌های نوع مصالح با میانگین رتبه 98/16، رنگ نما با میانگین رتبه 88/16، هماهنگی با ابعاد بومی و زمینه­ای 64/16، وجود سطوح پر و خالی 28/16 مهم­ترین معیارهای کالبدی، تعامل با بنا با میانگین رتبه 63/16 و تناسب فرم و عملکرد 76/15 و مشارکت مردم 55/15 در مکان مهم­ترین عوامل عملکردی- فعالیتی و خاطره­انگیزی بنا با میانگین رتبه 60/16 و دلبستگی به بنا 28/16 و تجارب و انباشت ذهنی 13/15 دارای بالاترین میانگین رتبه در عامل ادراکی- احساسی در بین شهروندان مورد مطالعه می­باشند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

تعامل فرد و بنا؛ نما؛ دلبستگی به مکان؛ ساختمان مسکونی؛ شهر تهران

عنوان مقاله [English]

Explaining the role of urban views in creating place attachment for citizens (Case Study: Tehran Residential Views)

نویسندگان [English]

Anahita Zarifpour Langeroudi¹؛ Fariba Alborzi²؛ Jamalodin Sohili³

¹PhD student, Department of Architecture, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Qazvin Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qazvin, Iran.

²Ph.D.in Architecture Professor, Department of Architecture, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Qazvin Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qazvin, Iran. (Corresponding Author)

³Assistant Professor, Department of Architecture, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Qazvin Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qazvin, Iran.

چکیده [English]

This study investigated residential facades as well as explaining the role of facade in creating attachment to place in Tehran and its emphasis was on recognizing the role of selected facades of architectural competitions on citizens' sense of attachment to place and their connection and interaction with the environment. Based on the content analysis method in examining the theories in this area, a special conceptual model has been developed that offers a role model for promoting attachment to place. The basis of selection of buildings in this study was based on the criteria of arbitration, housing, locating in Tehran and emphasis on facade components. The research paradigm, the hybrid paradigm and the research method were based on qualitative and quantitative methods. Based on field visits, initial discussions and conceptual models of targeted questionnaires have been prepared. The results of quantitative and qualitative analyzes show that building facades can be examined in the form of physical dimensions (beta: 0.322), perceptual-emotional (beta: 0.284) and performance-activity (beta: 0.217). Also, the physical factor with a beta coefficient of 0.322 plays the most important effect on the attachment to the place. Based on the findings of the Friedman test, the components of the type of materials with an average rank of 16.98, a facade color with an average rank of 16.88, coordination with local dimensions and backgrounds with average of 16.64, the existence of full and empty levels of 16.88 are the most important physical criteria. , Interaction with the building with an average rank of 16.63, proportionality of form and performance of 15.67 and people's participation of 15.55 in the place of the most important functional aspects and memorable factors of the facade with an average rank of 16.60 and attachment to the building with average of 16.68 And mental experiences with an average of 15.33 have the highest average rank in the perceptual-emotional factor.
Extended abstract
Introduction:
           This study investigated residential facades and explaining the role of facade in creating attachment to place in Tehran and its emphasis was on recognizing the role of selected facades of architectural competitions on citizens' sense of attachment to place as well as connecting and interacting with the environment. Also, extensive studies have also been conducted on different scales of place on attachment, but the specific feature of this study was to investigate the role of residential views on attachment to place. The building facade refered to a number of facades of buildings that were adjacent to the open space. Since the facade of the building was the first external component of the building and its first communicating space with the surrounding environment, this study has been analyzed. Therefore, in order to investigate the role of residential views on the feeling of attachment to the place in Tehran, the selected buildings of Architect Magazine have been selected as a case study in a 3 year period from 1 to 5 years. During this time period, 27 winning designs belonged to the residential group of apartments in the geographical area of ​​Tehran. 15 examples of these buildings could be examined with more emphasis on the facade.Finally, ten buildings including Government (Government) Residential Apartment, Koye Parvaneh Residential Complex (Ahmad & Chamran intersection), Ajorbaft House (Azadi), Chizari Residential Apartment, Ilkhaneh Residential Apartment (Zafarani), Chelgere House (Sattarkhan), Residential Complex 911 (Anderzgou), BW7 Residential Apartment (Kamaraniyah), Building C (Sheikh Bahai), and Residential Complex 1 + 5 (Aqdessia), based on a review of effective components from the judges' perspective (simplicity, innovation) , Understanding of materials, spreadable urban pattern, terraces, vacancies, lack of display, indoor lighting, communication with adjacent buildings, economics, facilitating implementation, etc. Dot field, were selected as case studies.
Methodology
          In this research, in line with the purpose and research questions, along with the collection of quantitative data, the qualitative data required by observation methods, visual documentation, and the content analysis of the judgments criticized for views in Architectural journals and then visual analysis of the elements (elements and components) of selected buildings were collected. This is common to increase the validity and reliability of qualitative data, under the heading of three biases, or by using different collection methods. Also, due to proper sample size determination (statistical validity) and selection of appropriate sampling method and existence of homogeneity in sample group of statistical population (environmental validity) external validity or good generalizability is obtained and validity or internal validity of this study, In addition, Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to assess the reliability of the research instruments.
Results and discussion
       The results of this table showed that the coefficient of correlation (R) between the variables was 0.828, indicating that there was a strong correlation between the set of independent variables and the dependent variable of the research; Another coefficient of adjustment (R Square) was 0.685%, which indicates that 68.5% of the total location attachment component changes to the three general variables of physical dimensions, functional-activity dimensions and perceptual dimensions. Also, the survey of the attachment to the location in the selected building views showed that the altar building had the highest attachment to the place and its components and components induce the highest degree of attachment to the citizens. , The reason for this feature could be assessed by the high average rating of physical and communication characteristics that one perceives emotionally and functionally.
 
Conclusion
        By examining the role of building facades and their importance for place attachment through the analysis of selected architectural facades of Architectural Magazine and the results of field studies, a series of generalizable conclusions about the role of different building facades in relation to people's behavior was presented. Some of the findings were used as research purposes to discover the emotions of visitors to selected building views so that they could be used as key components in designing building views as one of the responsible and influential parts of the city's visual and conceptual structure. The findings of the study indicated that based on the results of statistical studies, all conceptual variables of the study, including physical, perceptual-emotional and functional-activity dimensions had a significant relationship with the concept of attachment to place. It played a more important role in promoting attachment to the place. Investigation and analysis of the physical dimensions of the building facades showed that the most important components in the facades that have an impact on the attachment of the citizens are the type of materials, the color of the facade, the coordination with the indigenous and contextual dimensions, the existence of high surfaces and empty, terrace and veranda were textured, aesthetically pleasing and green. Investigation of the functional-activity components affecting the feeling of attachment to the place in the selected building facades showed that interaction with the building was the most important criterion for affecting the place attachment feeling in the selected building facades. After that, the proportion of form, function and participation of people in the place were the most important components that architects and designers need to consider when designing building facades. An examination of the mean ratings of perceptual-emotional components Selected constructive facets affecting place attachment indicate that the most important perceptual-emotional components were memory, attachment to the building, and mental imagination and accumulation of experiences and mental background. Affecting attachment to the place where things that should be taken into consideration in design.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

Interaction between person and building, facade, attachment to place, residential building, Tehran

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