تحلیلی بر توسعه پایدار منطقه‌ای با تأکید بر معرفی موانع کار شایسته (مطالعه موردی بخش صنعت استان یزد)

عسکری پور گلویک, حسین; بردبار, غلامرضا; سبک رو, مهدی; مروتی شریف آبادی, علی

doi:10.30495/jzpm.2021.4021

انتقال سامانه مجلات به سامانه سند (سکوی نشر دانش)

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	تحلیلی بر توسعه پایدار منطقه‌ای با تأکید بر معرفی موانع کار شایسته (مطالعه موردی بخش صنعت استان یزد)
فصلنامه علمی برنامه ریزی منطقه ای
مقاله 8، دوره 11، شماره 43، آذر 1400، صفحه 109-123 اصل مقاله (1.1 M)
نوع مقاله: مقاله های برگرفته از پایان نامه
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.30495/jzpm.2021.4021
نویسندگان
حسین عسکری پور گلویک¹؛ غلامرضا بردبار^* ²؛ مهدی سبک رو³؛ علی مروتی شریف آبادی⁴
¹دانش آموخته دکتری مدیریت بازرگانی دانشگاه یزد، یزد، ایران،
²دانشیار گروه مدیریت بازرگانی، دانشگاه یزد، یزد، ایران،
³استادیار گروه مدیریت بازرگانی دانشگاه یزد، یزد، ایران
⁴دانشیار گروه مدیریت صنعتی دانشگاه یزد، یزد، ایران
تاریخ دریافت: 19 آذر 1398، تاریخ بازنگری: 07 فروردین 1399، تاریخ پذیرش: 08 فروردین 1399
چکیده
کار شایسته، یکی از عوامل کلیدی دستیابی به توسعه پایدار در سطح ملی و منطقه‌ای است که پیاده‌سازی آن، تبعات مطلوبی را در پی خواهد داشت اما تاکنون در کشور ما این موضوع فقط در حد گفتمان سیاسی و ابلاغیه باقی‌مانده است. بنابراین، به دلیل اهمیت روزافزون کار شایسته و عدم اجرای واقعیش در ایران، شناسایی موانعی که در سر راه اجرای آن هستند ضروری به نظر می رسد. از این رو، هدف اصلی این پژوهش کمک به تحقق توسعه‌ پایدار منطقه‌ای از طریق شناسایی و اولویت‌بندی موانع اجرای کار شایسته در بخش صنعت استان یزد است. در این راستا، بر محور سه‌جانبه گرایی، 45 نفر(45 n=) از کارفرمایان، نمایندگان کارگران و نمایندگان دولت، به‌صورت هدفمند و به‌عنوان نمونه آماری انتخاب شدند. به‌منظور جمع‌آوری داده‌ها، در گام اول، با مطالعات کتابخانه‌ای و برگزاری چندین مصاحبه مقدماتی و عمیق، موانع کار شایسته شناسایی شدند. در گام دوم، با استفاده از روش دلفی فازی و مبتنی بر نظر خبرگان، موانع شناسایی‌شده در گام اول پالایش و نهایی گردیدند و سر انجام در گام سوم، با استفاده از روش بهترین – بدترین فازی، موانع کار شایسته، اولویت‌بندی و رتبه‌بندی نهایی گردید. نتایج و یافته‌های نهایی این پژوهش نشان می‌دهند که نبود جو اعتماد در گفتمان ها با وزن قطعی 0.1999 ، مشکلات بودجه‌ای با وزن قطعی 0.2840، دولتی بودن ساختار صنعت با وزن قطعی 0.2755 و عدم اعتماد به سایر اعضا با وزن قطعی 0.2766، به‌عنوان مهم‌ترین موانع اجرای کار شایسته و در پی آن، توسعه پایدار در استان یزد به شمار می‌آیند.
کلیدواژه‌ها
توسعه پایدار؛ توسعه پایدار منطقه‌ای؛ کار شایسته؛ موانع کار شایسته
عنوان مقاله [English]
An Analysis of Regional Sustainable Development with Emphasis on Introducing Barriers to Decent Work (Case Study of Yazd Industry Sector)
نویسندگان [English]
Hossein Askaripoor Geluyake¹؛ Gholamreza Bordbar²؛ Mehdi Sabokro³؛ Ali Morovati Sharifabadi⁴
¹PhD in Business Management, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran,
²Associate Professor, Business Administration Department, Yazd University, Iran
³Assistant Professor, Business Administration Department, Yazd University, Iran.
⁴Associate Professor, Industrial Management Department, Yazd University, Iran.
چکیده [English]
Decent Work is one of the key factors in achieving sustainable development at the national and regional levels, and its implementation will have desirable consequences, but so far decent work in our country has remained only at the level of political discourse and announcement. Therefore, due to the increasing importance of decent work and its lack of real implementation in Iran, it seems necessary to identify the barriers that are in the way of its implementation. Hence, the main aim of this study is to help achieve sustainable regional development by identify and prioritize the barriers to the implementation of decent work in Yazd province. In this regard, based on trilateralism, 45 (n = 45) employers, workers' representatives and government representatives were Judgmental selected as statistical samples. In order to data gathering, in the first step, barriers to the decent work were identified based on library studies and in-depth initial interviews. In the second step, though, using the Delphi-Fuzzy method and the opinion of some of the experts in the industry sector, the identified barriers in the first step were analyzed and summarized. Finally, in the third step, with using the Fuzzy Best-Worst method, the barriers to decent work were prioritized and finalized. The final results and conclusions of this study indicate that the lack of trust atmosphere in dialogues with definite weight of 0.1999, budgetary problems with definite weight of 0.2840, government-owned structure industry with definite weight of 0.2755 and distrust of other members with definite weight of 0.2766, were the most difficult barriers in the implementation of decent work and, consequently, sustainable development in Yazd province. *Extended Abstract* *Introduction:* Sustainable Development seeks to unite contemporary and future generations, regional and global needs, temporal and spatial trends, environment and development, and efficiency and justice (Yan et al., 2018: 67) And decent work, according to its indicators, is one of the most important infrastructures needed to achieve sustainable development at the national and regional levels (Mallett et al., 2017; ILO, 2018؛Rai et al., 2019), As can be seen from the researches carried out (Etaat and Shojaee Nasab, 2013: 13, etc.), it can be concluded that many of the indicators brought up in the field of decent work are the same as those of sustainable development. Decent work has attractive, widespread, complex, and somewhat hard to achieve indicators. Fortunately, Iran is one of the pioneer countries in the acceptance of decent work. As an example, in the Multi-sectorial Employment Development Document, adopted in 2005, paragraph B, decent work and its development was emphasized explicitly. In the Third Economic Development Plan, attention was paid to decent work and its indexes indirectly and directly, respectively. However, in the Fourth Economic Development Plan (Article 101), the Fifth Economic Development Plan (Article 25) and Sixth Economic Development Plan (Articles 4 and 120), decent work and the necessity of its implementation were mentioned directly. However, as stated above, given the medium and long-term benefits of decent work and the future necessity to implement it, the questions that arise here are: why Iran, despite accepting decent work, didn't take any real action? Why do we always have delays and procrastination in implementing decent work? Are there barriers to implementation decent work? What are these barriers and how can they be identified and their degree of importance identified? In order to answer these key questions, the most important questions in this research are as follows: -What are the most important barriers to the social dialogue component of decent work and how are they prioritized? -What are the most important barriers to the social protection component of decent work and how are they prioritized? -What are the most important barriers to the decent employment component of decent work and how are they prioritized? -What are the main barriers to the component of the fundamental rights at work of decent work and how are they prioritized? *Methodology:* The present research is practical in terms of purpose and is survey-based and descriptive in terms of data collection.In the current research, in the first step, library method (books, articles, texts, and the Internet), semi-structured and in-depth interviews were used to identify the barriers.These semi-structured interviews have been done with some experienced members of the labour unions, employers, and government representatives in the industry sector of Yazd Province in Iran which had sufficient knowledge of decent work and were aware of industrial relations(n=15). In the second step, the identified barriers were refined, summarized and finalized by fuzzy Delphi based on expert opinion (n = 45).In the third step the special questionnaire of the fuzzy best-worst method was used to prioritize the barriers. Subsequently, the questionnaire compiled by the fuzzy best-worst method for rating the identified barriers was provided to the sample group members and all of the 45 questionnaires were completed and returned and the data which is referred to in the current study were extracted from the questionnaire completed by these experts and then analyzed using the fuzzy best-worst method and Lingo Software. *Results and Discussion:* By relying on field and library methods for data collection, new methods of analysis and ranking such as fuzzy Delphi and fuzzy best-worst methods, and the experts' society in the industrial relations in Yazd Province, the data of the current research was collected and analyzed. The output of identifying the barriers and summarizing them with the help of the experts and using the fuzzy Delphi method led to the introduction of 64 barriers to decent work and its components. The weighting and ranking of these barriers in terms of the four components of decent work by fuzzy best worst method led to identification of the most important barriers of decent work. *Conclusion:* In summary, after analyzing the outputs of analyzes in this study, the most important results obtained are as follows: In the field of social dialogue, from the experts' point of view, barriers such as the lack of trust in dialogues with a definite weight of 0.1999, the conflict between the interests of the worker and the employer and withdrawal of the game from the win-win situation with a definite weight of 0.0982 and an Emphasis on the personal interests of each party and neglecting the collective interests with definite weight of 0.0865 have been identified as the most important barriers in this area. The results of the research conducted by Hossein Abadi et al. (2015) and Etebarian and Bagheri Khorasgani (2015) confirm the results obtained in the present study. In the area of social protection development, barriers such as insufficient budget allocation for social support in macro-level with a definite weight of 0.2840, the intervention of the government and the parliament in the executive affairs of funds with a definite weight of 0.0760, and adopting laws without regarding the insurance calculations with definite weight 0.0753 was identified by experts as the most important barriers. The results obtained in the study by Sobhanian et al. (2016) have also indirectly emphasized these barriers. In terms of barriers to decent employment, the most significant barriers were identified by experts, such as government-owned industries with a definite weight of 0.2755, administrative corruption with a definite weight of 0.0624, and inadequate training and skills with a definite weight of 0.0622. The results of the present research on these barriers are in line with the research by Entezarian and Tahmasebi (2011), Zare Bidoki and Zare Bidoki (2018) and Bircan (2109). In the area of barriers to the fundamental rights at work, experts identified as the most important barriers, such as lack of trust in other members (workers, employers, government) with a definite weight of 0.2766, economic feasibility of child labor with a definite weight of 0.0639, and high labor supply with a definite weight of 0.0617. The results of the study by Bordbar et al. (2014) are in line with the results of the present study.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
"Sustainable Development", "Regional Sustainable Development", "Decent Work", "Barriers to Decent Work"

مراجع
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Sophia Nam, J. and Ye Kim, Sh. (2019), Decent work in South Korea: Context, conceptualization, and assessment, Journal of Vocational Behavior, 115, 1-15. 35. Taghavaie, M. and Salehi, M. (2013), "Measuring the Development Levels of Hamadan Provincial Cities (with Emphasis on Regional Analysis Approach)", Journal of Regional Planning, 3(11), 19-30. (In Persian) 36. United Nations. (2006), Full and Productive Employment and Decent Work, Department of Economic and Social Affairs Office for ECOSOC Support and Coordination, New York. 37. Yan, Y.; Wang, Ch.; Quan, Y.; Wu, G. and Zhao, J. (2018), Urban sustainable development efficiency towards the balance between nature and human well-being: Connotation, measurement, and assessment, Journal of Cleaner Production, 178, 67-75. 38. Zare Bidoki, M. and Zare Bidoki, F. (2018), "Investigating the impact of administrative corruption on the productivity of resources in government organizations", twelfth national quality and productivity conference. (In Persian) 39. (2018), Statistical Annual Report of Yazd Province, 2017, Plan & Budget Organization, Tehran. (In Persian) 40. http://hcsm.ir 41. http://npps.ir/articlepreview.aspx?id=182149 42. https://storegis.com/product/yazd-province-layout/ 1. Abdi, S. R.; Abdi, A. and Agah,V. (2013), "Legal analysis and measuring the shortcomings of decent work", Journal of public law research, 39, 91-128. (In Persian) 2. Akbarpour Saraskanroo, M.; Rahimi, M. and Mohammadi, F. (2011), "Measuring Tourism Expansion on Sustainable Development Dimensions (Case Study: Hashtrood City)", Journal of Regional Planning, 1(3), 93-104. (In Persian) 3. Bakhtiari, S. (2010), "Decent work in Iran’s job market", Rahbord Quarterly, 57, 63-83. (In Persian) 4. Bircan. C. (2019), "Ownership Structure and Productivity of Multinationals", Journal of International Economics, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinteco.2018.11.005 5. Bordbar, Gh. and Habibi, M. (2013), "Comparative study of a number of decent work indicators in Iran and the world", Political-Economic Magazine, 292, 208-225. (In Persian). 6. Bordbar, Gh.; Mirjalili, M. and Dehghan, A. (2014), "Ranking and analysis of obstacles to implementation of fundamental rights at work from employers’ point of view, using parametric 7. statistical analysis and TOPSIS technique", Comparative law studies, 5(2), 265-285. (In Persian). 8. Burchell, B.; Sehnbruch, K.; Piasna, A. and Agloni, A. (2014), "The quality of employment and decent work: definitions, methodologies, and ongoing debates", Cambridge Journal of Economics, 38, 459–477. 9. Entezarian, N. and Tahmasebi, T. (2011), "Assessment of Harmonization and Adaptation of Higher Education System and Vocational Training with Labor Market Needs". Journal of Work and Society 140, 59-71. (In Persian) 10. Errighi, L.; Khat iwada, S. and Bodwell, Ch. (2016), Business process outsourcing in the Philippines: Chal lenges for decent work, International Labour Office, Thailand. 11. Etaat, J. and Shojaee Nasab, A. (2013), "Evaluation of Development Indicators in the Provinces of Iran from 2004 to 2009)", Journal of Regional Planning, 3(12), 11-20. (In Persian) 12. Etebarian, A. and Bagheri Khorasgani, H. (2015), "Investigating the Factors Affecting Creating Conflict between Workers and Employers", Journal of Work and Society 180, 35-48. (In Persian) 13. Fourth, fifth and sixth development plans of Iran, Iran Vice president for development and human resources. (In Persian). 14. Ghai, D. (2003), "Decent Work: Concept and indicators", International Labour Review, 142(2), 113-145. 15. Ghai, D. (2006), Decent Work: Objectives and Strategies, International Labour Office. 16. Hosseinabadi, M.; Saeedi, A. and Haghighatian, M. (2015), "Sociological understanding of social dialogue in Iran’s industrial relations", Journal of Socio-cultural development studies, 4(1), 123-149. (In Persian). 17. I.L.O. (2008), Decent Work Indicators for Asia and the Pacific region, International Labour Office, Thailand. 18. I.L.O. (2016), Decent work in global supply chains, International Labour Office, 1^st Ed, Geneva. 19. I.L.O. (2018), Decent Work for Sustainable Development, International Labour Office. 20. Jafarnejad, A.; Kazemi, A. and Arab, A. (2016), "Identification and prioritization of suppliers resilience evaluation indicators based on the best-worst method", Industrial management perspectives, 32,159-186. (In Persian) 21. Khanbashi, M. and Bostanmanesh, Gh. (2015), "Decent work and human resource", Journal of work and society, 182, 26-34. (In Persian). 22. Kercheval, J.; Markowitz, D.; Monson, K. and Read, B. (2013), Women in Leadership- Research on Barriers to Employment and Decent Work for Women, International Labour Office, Jakarta. 23. Majid, N. (2001), Economic growth, social policy and decent work, Employment Sector, International Labour Office, Geneva. 24. Mallett, R.; Atim, T. and Opio, J. (2017), Bad work’ and the challenges of creating decent work for youth in northern Uganda, Secure Livelihoods Research Consortium, www.securelivelihoods.org 25. Mohaddat, J. (2005), "Work triviality: the mechanism of decent work implementation", Journal of work and society, 62, 11-18. (In Persian). 26. Narasimha Reddy, D. (2005), "Challenges of Decent Work in the Globalization World", The Indian Journal of Labour Economics, 48(1), 3-17. 27. Nazmfar, H.; Eshghi Chahar Borj, A. and Alavi, S. (2019), "Sustainable Development Evaluation provinces of Iran Based on environmental planning", Journal of Regional Planning, 9(33), 29-42. (In Persian) 28. Nekoei, Sh.; Chitsaz, M. A. and Hejazi, S. N. (2019), "Investigating the Economic and Social Factors Affecting the Sustainable Development of Torbat Jam", Journal of Regional Planning, 9(34), 95-106. (In Persian) 29. Rafatjah, M. and Kheirkhah, F. (2013), "Issues and challenges of women: s employment in Iran from the point of view of Managers", Social development studies, 1(2), 130-156. (In Persian). 30. Rai, Sh. M.; Brown, B. D. and Ruwanpura, K. N. (2019), "SDG 8: Decent work and economic growth – A gendered analysis", World Development, 113, 368-380. 31. Rezaei, M. R.; Khavariyan Garmsir, A. R. and Ghaforzadeh, M. (2016), "The Development of Industry in Yazd Province by Using the SOAR Strategic Framework and ANSOFF Matrix", Journal of Regional Planning, 6(21), 45-56. (In Persian) 32. Safarelizadeh, E.; Hosseinzadeh, R. and Akbari, M. (2018), "The Analysis of the Relative Performance of the Middle East in Terms of Sustainable Development Indices", Journal of Regional Planning, 8(29), 1-12. (In Persian) 33. Sobhanian, M. H.; Masoudi asl, I. and Akbarpour, N. (2016), "Welfare and social security in Iran: Some of the challenges and solutions", the institute for social security research. (In Persian). 34. Sophia Nam, J. and Ye Kim, Sh. (2019), Decent work in South Korea: Context, conceptualization, and assessment, Journal of Vocational Behavior, 115, 1-15. 35. Taghavaie, M. and Salehi, M. (2013), "Measuring the Development Levels of Hamadan Provincial Cities (with Emphasis on Regional Analysis Approach)", Journal of Regional Planning, 3(11), 19-30. (In Persian) 36. United Nations. (2006), Full and Productive Employment and Decent Work, Department of Economic and Social Affairs Office for ECOSOC Support and Coordination, New York. 37. Yan, Y.; Wang, Ch.; Quan, Y.; Wu, G. and Zhao, J. (2018), Urban sustainable development efficiency towards the balance between nature and human well-being: Connotation, measurement, and assessment, Journal of Cleaner Production, 178, 67-75. 38. Zare Bidoki, M. and Zare Bidoki, F. (2018), "Investigating the impact of administrative corruption on the productivity of resources in government organizations", twelfth national quality and productivity conference. (In Persian) 39. (2018), Statistical Annual Report of Yazd Province, 2017, Plan & Budget Organization, Tehran. (In Persian) 40. http://hcsm.ir 41. http://npps.ir/articlepreview.aspx?id=182149 42. https://storegis.com/product/yazd-province-layout/
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اخبار و اعلانات

آمار

تحلیلی بر توسعه پایدار منطقه‌ای با تأکید بر معرفی موانع کار شایسته (مطالعه موردی بخش صنعت استان یزد)

1. Abdi, S. R.; Abdi, A. and Agah,V. (2013), "Legal analysis and measuring the shortcomings of decent work", Journal of public law research, 39, 91-128. (In Persian)

2. Akbarpour Saraskanroo, M.; Rahimi, M. and Mohammadi, F. (2011), "Measuring Tourism Expansion on Sustainable Development Dimensions (Case Study: Hashtrood City)", Journal of Regional Planning, 1(3), 93-104. (In Persian)

3. Bakhtiari, S. (2010), "Decent work in Iran’s job market", Rahbord Quarterly, 57, 63-83. (In Persian)

4. Bircan. C. (2019), "Ownership Structure and Productivity of Multinationals", Journal of International Economics, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinteco.2018.11.005

5. Bordbar, Gh. and Habibi, M. (2013), "Comparative study of a number of decent work indicators in Iran and the world", Political-Economic Magazine, 292, 208-225. (In Persian).

6. Bordbar, Gh.; Mirjalili, M. and Dehghan, A. (2014), "Ranking and analysis of obstacles to implementation of fundamental rights at work from employers’ point of view, using parametric

7. statistical analysis and TOPSIS technique", Comparative law studies, 5(2), 265-285. (In Persian).

8. Burchell, B.; Sehnbruch, K.; Piasna, A. and Agloni, A. (2014), "The quality of employment and decent work: definitions, methodologies, and ongoing debates", Cambridge Journal of Economics, 38, 459–477.

9. Entezarian, N. and Tahmasebi, T. (2011), "Assessment of Harmonization and Adaptation of Higher Education System and Vocational Training with Labor Market Needs". Journal of Work and Society 140, 59-71. (In Persian)

10. Errighi, L.; Khat iwada, S. and Bodwell, Ch. (2016), Business process outsourcing in the Philippines: Chal lenges for decent work, International Labour Office, Thailand.

11. Etaat, J. and Shojaee Nasab, A. (2013), "Evaluation of Development Indicators in the Provinces of Iran from 2004 to 2009)", Journal of Regional Planning, 3(12), 11-20. (In Persian)

12. Etebarian, A. and Bagheri Khorasgani, H. (2015), "Investigating the Factors Affecting Creating Conflict between Workers and Employers", Journal of Work and Society 180, 35-48. (In Persian)

13. Fourth, fifth and sixth development plans of Iran, Iran Vice president for development and human resources. (In Persian).

14. Ghai, D. (2003), "Decent Work: Concept and indicators", International Labour Review, 142(2), 113-145.

15. Ghai, D. (2006), Decent Work: Objectives and Strategies, International Labour Office.

16. Hosseinabadi, M.; Saeedi, A. and Haghighatian, M. (2015), "Sociological understanding of social dialogue in Iran’s industrial relations", Journal of Socio-cultural development studies, 4(1), 123-149. (In Persian).

17. I.L.O. (2008), Decent Work Indicators for Asia and the Pacific region, International Labour Office, Thailand.

18. I.L.O. (2016), Decent work in global supply chains, International Labour Office, 1st Ed, Geneva.

19. I.L.O. (2018), Decent Work for Sustainable Development, International Labour Office.

20. Jafarnejad, A.; Kazemi, A. and Arab, A. (2016), "Identification and prioritization of suppliers resilience evaluation indicators based on the best-worst method", Industrial management perspectives, 32,159-186. (In Persian)

21. Khanbashi, M. and Bostanmanesh, Gh. (2015), "Decent work and human resource", Journal of work and society, 182, 26-34. (In Persian).

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29. Rafatjah, M. and Kheirkhah, F. (2013), "Issues and challenges of women: s employment in Iran from the point of view of Managers", Social development studies, 1(2), 130-156. (In Persian).

30. Rai, Sh. M.; Brown, B. D. and Ruwanpura, K. N. (2019), "SDG 8: Decent work and economic growth – A gendered analysis", World Development, 113, 368-380.

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32. Safarelizadeh, E.; Hosseinzadeh, R. and Akbari, M. (2018), "The Analysis of the Relative Performance of the Middle East in Terms of Sustainable Development Indices", Journal of Regional Planning, 8(29), 1-12. (In Persian)

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1. Abdi, S. R.; Abdi, A. and Agah,V. (2013), "Legal analysis and measuring the shortcomings of decent work", Journal of public law research, 39, 91-128. (In Persian)

2. Akbarpour Saraskanroo, M.; Rahimi, M. and Mohammadi, F. (2011), "Measuring Tourism Expansion on Sustainable Development Dimensions (Case Study: Hashtrood City)", Journal of Regional Planning, 1(3), 93-104. (In Persian)

3. Bakhtiari, S. (2010), "Decent work in Iran’s job market", Rahbord Quarterly, 57, 63-83. (In Persian)

4. Bircan. C. (2019), "Ownership Structure and Productivity of Multinationals", Journal of International Economics, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinteco.2018.11.005

5. Bordbar, Gh. and Habibi, M. (2013), "Comparative study of a number of decent work indicators in Iran and the world", Political-Economic Magazine, 292, 208-225. (In Persian).

6. Bordbar, Gh.; Mirjalili, M. and Dehghan, A. (2014), "Ranking and analysis of obstacles to implementation of fundamental rights at work from employers’ point of view, using parametric

7. statistical analysis and TOPSIS technique", Comparative law studies, 5(2), 265-285. (In Persian).

8. Burchell, B.; Sehnbruch, K.; Piasna, A. and Agloni, A. (2014), "The quality of employment and decent work: definitions, methodologies, and ongoing debates", Cambridge Journal of Economics, 38, 459–477.

9. Entezarian, N. and Tahmasebi, T. (2011), "Assessment of Harmonization and Adaptation of Higher Education System and Vocational Training with Labor Market Needs". Journal of Work and Society 140, 59-71. (In Persian)

10. Errighi, L.; Khat iwada, S. and Bodwell, Ch. (2016), Business process outsourcing in the Philippines: Chal lenges for decent work, International Labour Office, Thailand.

11. Etaat, J. and Shojaee Nasab, A. (2013), "Evaluation of Development Indicators in the Provinces of Iran from 2004 to 2009)", Journal of Regional Planning, 3(12), 11-20. (In Persian)

12. Etebarian, A. and Bagheri Khorasgani, H. (2015), "Investigating the Factors Affecting Creating Conflict between Workers and Employers", Journal of Work and Society 180, 35-48. (In Persian)

13. Fourth, fifth and sixth development plans of Iran, Iran Vice president for development and human resources. (In Persian).

14. Ghai, D. (2003), "Decent Work: Concept and indicators", International Labour Review, 142(2), 113-145.

15. Ghai, D. (2006), Decent Work: Objectives and Strategies, International Labour Office.

16. Hosseinabadi, M.; Saeedi, A. and Haghighatian, M. (2015), "Sociological understanding of social dialogue in Iran’s industrial relations", Journal of Socio-cultural development studies, 4(1), 123-149. (In Persian).

17. I.L.O. (2008), Decent Work Indicators for Asia and the Pacific region, International Labour Office, Thailand.

18. I.L.O. (2016), Decent work in global supply chains, International Labour Office, 1st Ed, Geneva.

19. I.L.O. (2018), Decent Work for Sustainable Development, International Labour Office.

20. Jafarnejad, A.; Kazemi, A. and Arab, A. (2016), "Identification and prioritization of suppliers resilience evaluation indicators based on the best-worst method", Industrial management perspectives, 32,159-186. (In Persian)

21. Khanbashi, M. and Bostanmanesh, Gh. (2015), "Decent work and human resource", Journal of work and society, 182, 26-34. (In Persian).

22. Kercheval, J.; Markowitz, D.; Monson, K. and Read, B. (2013), Women in Leadership- Research on Barriers to Employment and Decent Work for Women, International Labour Office, Jakarta.

23. Majid, N. (2001), Economic growth, social policy and decent work, Employment Sector, International Labour Office, Geneva.

24. Mallett, R.; Atim, T. and Opio, J. (2017), Bad work’ and the challenges of creating decent work for youth in northern Uganda, Secure Livelihoods Research Consortium, www.securelivelihoods.org

25. Mohaddat, J. (2005), "Work triviality: the mechanism of decent work implementation", Journal of work and society, 62, 11-18. (In Persian).

26. Narasimha Reddy, D. (2005), "Challenges of Decent Work in the Globalization World", The Indian Journal of Labour Economics, 48(1), 3-17.

27. Nazmfar, H.; Eshghi Chahar Borj, A. and Alavi, S. (2019), "Sustainable Development Evaluation provinces of Iran Based on environmental planning", Journal of Regional Planning, 9(33), 29-42. (In Persian)

28. Nekoei, Sh.; Chitsaz, M. A. and Hejazi, S. N. (2019), "Investigating the Economic and Social Factors Affecting the Sustainable Development of Torbat Jam", Journal of Regional Planning, 9(34), 95-106. (In Persian)

29. Rafatjah, M. and Kheirkhah, F. (2013), "Issues and challenges of women: s employment in Iran from the point of view of Managers", Social development studies, 1(2), 130-156. (In Persian).

30. Rai, Sh. M.; Brown, B. D. and Ruwanpura, K. N. (2019), "SDG 8: Decent work and economic growth – A gendered analysis", World Development, 113, 368-380.

31. Rezaei, M. R.; Khavariyan Garmsir, A. R. and Ghaforzadeh, M. (2016), "The Development of Industry in Yazd Province by Using the SOAR Strategic Framework and ANSOFF Matrix", Journal of Regional Planning, 6(21), 45-56. (In Persian)

32. Safarelizadeh, E.; Hosseinzadeh, R. and Akbari, M. (2018), "The Analysis of the Relative Performance of the Middle East in Terms of Sustainable Development Indices", Journal of Regional Planning, 8(29), 1-12. (In Persian)

33. Sobhanian, M. H.; Masoudi asl, I. and Akbarpour, N. (2016), "Welfare and social security in Iran: Some of the challenges and solutions", the institute for social security research. (In Persian).

34. Sophia Nam, J. and Ye Kim, Sh. (2019), Decent work in South Korea: Context, conceptualization, and assessment, Journal of Vocational Behavior, 115, 1-15.

18. I.L.O. (2016), Decent work in global supply chains, International Labour Office, 1^st Ed, Geneva.

18. I.L.O. (2016), Decent work in global supply chains, International Labour Office, 1^st Ed, Geneva.