تحلیل تطبیقی شاخص های مسکن پایدار در بافت قدیمی و نوساز شهری (مورد مطالعه: بافت محله های اتابک و پونک تهران)

فصلنامه علمی و پژوهشی پژوهش و برنامه ریزی شهری

مقاله 12، دوره 11، شماره 42، آبان 1399، صفحه 137-152   

نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

زهزه فنی^{* 1}؛ لطفعلی کوزه گر²؛ علی سامانی مجد³

¹دانشیارگروه جغرافیای انسانی و آمایش دانشگاه شهید بهشتی تهران

²استادیار گروه جغرافیای انسانی و آمایش دانشگاه شهید بهشتی تهران

³دانشجوی دکتری جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی شهری دانشگاه شهید بهشتی

تاریخ دریافت: 11 خرداد 1397،  تاریخ بازنگری: 25 دی 1397،  تاریخ پذیرش: 13 شهریور 1398 

چکیده

         مسکن پایدار به عنوان زیر مجموعه­ای از شاخص­های توسعه شهری پایدار از عوامل مهم و تأثیرگذار در کیفیت زندگی شهروندان است، مسکن پایدار دارای ویژگی­های آسایش مناسب، فضای مناسب، عوامل بهداشتی مناسب، مکان مناسب و قابلت دسترسی است. این درحالی است که در کشور ما شکل­گیری محلات شهری در دوره­های مختلف محیط­های مسکونی متفاوتی را بوجود آورده است. ضرورت ایجاب می­نماید پایداری این محیط­ها به لحاظ شاخص­های مسکن پایدار مورد پایش و ارزیابی قرار گیرد تا برنامه­های آتی حوزه مسکن جهت­گیری مناسبی را دنبال نماید. این پرسش مطرح می­شود که شاخص­های مسکن شهری پایدار در محلات قدیمی و نوساز در چه وضعیتی قرار دارند؟ مطالعه موردی شهر تهران و جامعه آماری سرپرستان خانوار دربافت نوساز محله پونک و بافت قدیمی محله اتابک می­باشند. روش تحقیق پیمایشی (توصیفی-تحلیلی) است و در جمع­آوری داده­ها و اطلاعات از روش کتابخانه­ای و میدانی استفاده شده است. نتایج حاصل نشان می­دهد میانگین شاخص دسترسی به مراکز خرید 46.6 و میزان رعایت بهداشت در واحد مسکونی با میانگین67.7 و شاخص برخورداری از تجهیزات سرمایشی و گرمایشی با میانگین53.4 از ملاک­های برتری بافت نوساز محله پونک به نسبت محله اتابک است. گرچه به طور نسبی محله پونک نسبت به محله اتابک در شرایطی بهتر و مساعدتری قرار دارد اما اختلاف دو محله از نظر متغیرهای مورد بررسی تفاوت چندانی نشان نمی­دهد. نتایج حاصل از آزمون­های یومن وایتنی و کای دو بیانگر شدت اختلاف و سطح معناداری دو محله در مقایسه با هم هستند. به لحاظ داشتن شاخص­های مسکن پایدار شهری در هر دو محله از وضعیت مطلوبی برخوردار نیستند و میانگین­های حاصل از آزمون کای دو کمتر از حد متوسط عدد 3 بوده، که با استانداردهای پایداری مطابقت ندارد و باعث شکل­گیری محیط­های مسکونی ناپایدار شده است. بر این اساس بافت­های نوساز و قدیم شهری، الگوها و الویت های متفاوتی از برنامه‌ریزی مسکن بر اساس نیازسنجی‌ها و تاکید بر وجوه اجتماعی، اقتصادی و کالبدی با تاکید بر عدالت اجتماعی و فضایی را طلب می کنند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

مسکن شهری؛ توسعه پایدار؛ محلات شهری؛ شهر تهران

عنوان مقاله [English]

Comparative analysis of indicators of sustainable housing and urban renewal in old tissue (Abatik and Punak Neighborhood Study)

نویسندگان [English]

zohreh fanni¹؛ lotfali kuzegar²؛ ali samanimajd³

¹shahid beheshti university

²Asistant Professor, Human Geography & Spatial Planning Department, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran

³PhD Student of Geography & urban planning, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran

چکیده [English]

Sustainable housing as a subset of sustainable urban development indicators is one of the important and influential factors in the quality of life of citizens. Sustainable housing has the features of convenient comfort, suitable space, suitable health facilities, proper location and availability. In our country, the formation of urban neighborhoods in different periods has created different residential environments. Therefore, it is imperative that sustainability of these environments be monitored and evaluated in terms of sustainable housing indicators so that future housing plans This is the central question that the urban housing indexes p What is the situation in the old and new neighborhoods? A case study in this research is the Tehran metropolis and the statistical population of the household superintendents in the Nebat-e-Pobak neighborhood and the old texture of the Atabak district. The research method is descriptive-analytical and the library and field method has been used to collect data and information. The results of the research show that the average index of access to shopping centers is 46.6 and the level of health care in the residential unit with an average of 67.7 and the index of cooling and heating equipment with an average of 53.4 of the criteria for the superiority of the new constructed Ponak neighborhood relative to the Atabak neighborhood However, relative to the Punak neighborhood, the Atabak neighborhood is in better and more favorable conditions. But the difference between the two neighborhoods does not show significant differences in terms of the variables studied. The results of Yu-Mann Whitney and Chi-square tests indicated that the difference between two levels is significant and the level of significance is not comparable to two-squares, and in terms of having sustainable urban housing indices in both neighborhoods, the situation is not favorable and the means The use of the chi-square test is less than the average of 3, which does not meet the sustainability standards and has led to the formation of unstable residential environments. On this basis, it can be said that the urban development area and the old urban areas have different patterns and priorities for housing planning based on the needs assessment and the emphasis on social, economic and physical aspects, and attention to social justice is a must and the main focus of the planning of housing.



 


 
 



 
Extended abstract
Introduction:
     Access to affordable and sustainable housing that is in line with development is one of the needs of our society today. Therefore, experts have come up with solutions to achieve it. Sustainable housing plays an important role in family stability, economic and social growth And raising the safety factor of individuals, especially the cultural uplifting and spiritual well-being of family members, also affects the whole system. One of the important ways to know about sustainable housing status is to use housing sustainability indicators. Given the scientific development and growth of human societies, housing is not just a roof over one's head, but housing today will play a key role in achieving higher quality of life for citizens, and is thus a strategy for achieving sustainable development, taking into account The idea of ​​sustainable housing is realized. Urban texture of Iran has also been affected by major environmental problems, lack of socialization and high energy consumption in neighborhoods, all of which have been formed to influence the urbanization pattern from the urbanization model. The same way it has evolved in different periods of time has created different living conditions for residents. Planning to achieve sustainability requires awareness of the sustainability levels of these neighborhoods in terms of sustainable housing indicators. Contemporary times, where housing and its texture have generally been depleted, have been studied. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the sustainability of urban housing in new and old urban areas (Punk and Atabak) and to analyze the stability levels of old and new texture housing indices in these two neighborhoods.     

Materials and methods:
        This research is a descriptive-analytical method based on questionnaires and field visits. According to the objectives set, the indicators selected based on the theoretical literature review. To measure the sustainability of urban housing in these two neighborhoods, a 30-item questionnaire was designed that reflects the experiences and mentality of people living in their neighborhood. Likert's five-point spectrum (lowest score of one and highest of five and median of three) was evaluated. The alpha value for the 0.911 set of questions was obtained which confirms the reliability of the questionnaire to a large extent. Data were analyzed using SPSS software, Mann-Whitney U test and Chi-square test. Sample size was calculated using Cochran formula. For equilibrium, p and q were considered equal to 0.5 and confidence level was 0.95, T for confidence level 0.95, 1.96 and d 0.5 respectively. Considering the sample size of 42135, the sample size was 381 individuals. It was found that 180 questionnaires were distributed in Punk and 201 in Atabak based on the percentage of neighborhoods.

Results and discussion:
     In order to measure the factors influencing sustainable housing availability in the study area (Atabak Old Town and Punk Neighborhood), accessibility indexes (to utilities, green spaces), housing health and safety, optimal form and Housing facilities, security and comfort, user compatibility and social coexistence index were assessed. In order to analyze and evaluate the information collected, the distribution type of the study population must first be assured of its distribution being normal or non-normal in order to select the appropriate test for analyzing the results. For this purpose, at this stage, the results of Kolmogorov-Smirnov test for each of the variables are investigated and based on the results, the appropriate test will be selected to verify the validity and reliability of the research assumptions. Residential hygiene with a mean of 67.7 and cooling and heating index of an average of 53.4 are among the most important criteria for new fabric texture in the Punk neighborhood relative to the Atabak neighborhood. However, the Punk neighborhood is relatively better than the Atabak neighborhood. And more favorable, but the difference between the two neighborhoods in terms of variables studied has a meaningful difference Does not show office. The results of U Mann Whitney and Chi-square tests show the difference between the severity and significance level of two-neighborhoods in comparison with each other, and in terms of sustainable urban housing indices in both neighborhoods are not satisfactory and the averages of Applying the chi-square test was less than the average value of 3, which does not meet sustainability standards and has led to the formation of unstable residential environments. Based on this, it can be said that urban renewal and old urban areas follow different patterns and priorities of housing planning based on needs assessments and emphasis on social, economic and physical aspects and attention to social justice is essential and central to housing planning. Given that the mean level of the mean is 3, the mean of the results of the questionnaire indicates that in many indices it is lower than this value and indicates that the condition of the indices in question is not fully met. . Also at the significant level less than 0.05 proves significant difference. According to the spectrum considered in the answers, the test value is 3. Accordingly, if the average response for each of the dimensions of access and services, robustness and safety, optimal form of housing, comfort and comfort, adaptability of social and social issues, or the whole dimension is greater than 3 means that According to the test population, the indicator is at the desired level, otherwise equal to or less than 3 markers Indicates moderate or weak status quo.
Conclusion:
     The results indicate a significant difference between the two neighborhoods, and the findings show that both neighborhoods do not actually have sustainable housing standards and standards. In other words, the modern texture of the Punk neighborhood is relatively favorable to that of the old Atabak neighborhood. Surveys show that the Atabak neighborhood has a low tendency to sequence and replace the neighborhood due to its low security vis-à-vis the Punk neighborhood. Unfavorable conditions occur. The presence of worn-out textures in the Abak neighborhood has made urban planning policies irrespective of infrastructure aspects, and District 15 is finding more distance each day than area.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

"برنامه ریزی", "مسکن", "مناطق شهری", "تهران", "مسکن مناسب"

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