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علی اکبری, اسماعیل. تحلیل ساختاری پیشران های توسعه شهری دانش‌بنیان مطالعه موردی: کلان شهر تهران. دوماهنامه علمی - پژوهشی رهیافتی نو در مدیریت آموزشی, 1399; 11(42): 1-20.

تحلیل ساختاری پیشران های توسعه شهری دانش‌بنیان مطالعه موردی: کلان شهر تهران

فصلنامه علمی و پژوهشی پژوهش و برنامه ریزی شهری
مقاله 3، دوره 11، شماره 42، آبان 1399، صفحه 1-20    اصل مقاله (1.15 M)
نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی
نویسنده
اسماعیل علی اکبری*
استاد گروه جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی شهری، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران
تاریخ دریافت: 20 خرداد 1398،  تاریخ بازنگری: 25 مرداد 1398،  تاریخ پذیرش: 06 مهر 1398 
چکیده
شهر دانش­ بنیان یا توسعه شهری دانش بنیان (KBUD) رهیافت و راهبرد جدید تعامل میان دانش و شهر است که با فعال­سازی چرخه دانش در شهر، بنیادهای اقتصاد و نیروی محرکه توسعه شهری را به سرچشمه­های اقتصاد دانش بنیان و خصلت ­زایشی و افزایش دانش مرتبط می­سازد. این مقاله کوشیده است با روش تحلیل ساختاری، پیشران­های توسعه شهری دانش‌بنیان کلانشهر تهران را بازشناسی و خوشه­بندی کند. داده­های نظری با روش اسنادی و داده­های تجربی با روش پیمایشی بر پایه تکنیک دلفی تهیه شده است. جامعه آماری20 نفر از خبرگان شهری بر اساس نمونه‌گیری هدفمند و پیشران­های توسعه، 50 نیروی پیشران در 4 بعد اقتصادی، اجتماعی، شهری-محیطی و نهادی است که با روش تحلیل اثرات متقابل ساختاری در نرم‌افزار MICMAC پردازش شده است. یافته­ها از نظر تحلیل کلی محیط سیسم نشان داد که 838 رابطه عدد 3 دارد و این به معنای آن است که روابط پیشران­های کلیدی بسیار زیاد بوده و از تاثیرگذاری و تاثیرپذیری زیادی برخوردارند. همچنین نتایج دیگر پژوهش از تحلیل اثرات متقابل، بیانگر پراکندگی نیروهای پیشران در وضعیتی پیچیده و بینابین از اثرگذاری و اثرپذیری است؛ نظام خوشه­بندی پیشران­ها حاکی از تمرکز پیشران­های تأثیرگذار و دوگانه (پیشران­های ریسک و هدف) است. از مجموع 50 نیروی پیش­برنده توسعه، 15 پیشران کلیدی شامل طبقه خلاق، رفاه اقتصادی، رهبری مؤثر، تحقیق و توسعه، تنوع شهری و اختلاط فرهنگی، رشد هوشمند، زیرساخت اقتصاد کلان، حکومت و برنامه‌ریزی، حکمروایی خوب، عدالت اجتماعی، اثر بخشی دولت، نظام مالیاتی عادلانه، پایداری محیطی، شرکت‌های چندملیتی و دولت الکترونیک شناسایی شده است. گذار تدریجی تهران به توسعه مبتنی دانش مستلزم اولویت دهی به نیروهای پیشران، پیش برنده‌های کلیدی و بایسته­های دانش بنیان در تدوین راهبرد اصلی توسعه شهر است که باید از طریق شالوده اسناد فرادست و محتوی طرح برنامه‌ریزی توسعه تهران فراهم آید.
کلیدواژه‌ها
تحلیل ساختاری؛ پیشران؛ توسعه شهری؛ توسعه شهری دانش‌بنیان؛ کلانشهر تهران
عنوان مقاله [English]
Structural Analysis drving Forces Knowledge Based Urban Development Case study: Tehran Metropolis
نویسندگان [English]
Esmaeil Aliakbari
Professor, Department of Geography and Urban Planning, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]
Knowledge Based  city or Knowledge Based urban Development (KBUD) is an  new approach and  strategy for  interaction between knowledge and city .this strategy, activate  the knowledge cycle in city  and connect urban economic foundations and driving forces of urban development to By knowledge cycle in urban space, the foundations of economics and the driving force of urban development based economy. This article has been attempted by structural analysis method cluster driving forces of Knowledge Based urban development(KBUD) in Tehran metropolis. This research is  a descriptive-analytic study. theoretical data is provided by on desk and field data with a survey method based on Delphi technique. The statistical population is 20 persons of  urban experts and driving forces including 50 variables in four dimensions of economic, social, environmental and institutional.these variables have been processed by the structural interaction analysis method in MICMAC software. The findings from the overall analysis of the seismic environment showed that 838 has a relation of 3, which means that the relationships of the key driving force are very high and highly influential. The propulsion clustering system indicates the concentration of effective and dual driving force (risk and goal driving force). Of the 50 development driving forces, 15 key drivers include creative class, economic prosperity, effective leadership, research and development, urban diversity and cultural mixing, smart growth, macroeconomic infrastructure, governance and planning, good governance, social justice, effectiveness. The government, the just tax system, environmental sustainability, multinationals and e-government have been identified. Tehran's gradual transition to knowledge-based development requires prioritizing the forces, key drivers, and knowledge-based needs in formulating the city's main development strategy, which must be provided through the foundation of elaborate documents and the context of Tehran's development plan.
Extended abstract
Introduction:
The importance of knowledge and information in today's world is to the extent that it is referred to as the key to prosperity or the post-industrial era, information age, third wave or comprehensive knowledge, new dimensions of knowledge-based economy development, and cities. Forcing their competitive strategy to focus on improving their knowledge base and creative knowledge capabilities. Accordingly, many research communities, urban managers, and international organizations have incorporated the KM framework into strategic directions for development. The role and position of these strategies in particular illustrate the endogenous relationship and efficient interaction between KM. With urban development there. Because knowledge-based urban development, due to its productive, reproductive and incremental nature, it strengthens the spatial interaction and functional cohesion among the many factors and drivers of urban development and enhances and completes the knowledge cycle.
 
Methodology:
This article is a descriptive-analytical article in terms of research methodology, because of the applicability of the findings in the formulation of a knowledge-based mapping and strategic development plan. Theoretical data were obtained by documentary method and the experimental data were obtained by survey method. Documentation studies and empirical data based on the Delphi method have been used to develop the propulsion. The Delphi team was selected by purposeful sampling. Criteria for selecting experts include theoretical mastery, practical experience, willingness and ability to participate in research and access to them, and to determine the number of experts, the criterion for ensuring the consistency of views is criterion. The number of experts participating in Delphi is generally between 14 and 20 people, and according to the above criteria, 20 experts and experts from academic and research centers are selected to participate in the research. MICMAC software has used Structural Interaction Analysis method for data processing. Delphi method identified and clustered 50 initial proponents in 4 dimensions of development (economic, social, urban-environmental and institutional).
Results:
Tehran has an undeniable role in the economic and social development and management of the country. In addition, Tehran plays a key role in securing national security in the present and future. The development planning system, in particular the national and urban planning approach, as well as the integration of land development and the emphasis on bottom-up approaches to development, will inevitably have to adopt strategies that enhance the efficiency and growth of metropolitan development in general. And the national metropolis to plan and manage Tehran in particular. Tehran's decades-long development experience based on the development of a service-based, economics-based economy has produced many positive and negative consequences and implications that are evident in the spatial structure of the city in various areas. This article has identified and clustered the factors and forces driving the development of the knowledge base of Tehran metropolis. The application of these proportions as a platform for guiding the formulation of a strategic plan and a strategy for developing knowledge-based Tehran is very important. The results show that the overall pattern of dispersal of developmental proportions in terms of interactions analysis indicates, in general, the status of an unstable environmental system in which developmental proportions are complex and intermediate in terms of effectiveness and effectiveness. Propagation clustering status indicates clustering focus on affective and dual proportions (risk and goal propulsion). Of the first 50 proponents or the driving force of development, 15 are the most important proponents of Tehran-based knowledge development. These include creative class, economic prosperity, effective and efficient leadership, research and development, urban diversity and cultural mixing, smart growth strategy, macroeconomic infrastructure, unemployment, governance and planning, good urban governance, social justice. , Government Effectiveness, Fair Tax System, Environmental Sustainability, Multinationals and E-Government.
Conclusion:
Understanding what is essential to the findings of this paper as a guide to the gradual transition to knowledge-based development in Tehran can be summarized as follows:
From the perspective of a knowledge development plan, it is necessary to review and review the content of the master plan of Tehran's development planning, considering and prioritizing the key forces, proponents and proponents of knowledge development. Requirements for the development of city-based knowledge in all aspects, bound by legal requirements, and converted into binding documents.
In the socio-cultural development dimension, several key factors, namely the creative class, the cultural diversity of the city and social justice, social capital and the forces driving the development of knowledge are fundamental. In this context, the Tehran master plan emphasizes population density, supply and distribution of services, security and urban health and public participation. This incongruity should be replaced or eliminated by the social needs of knowledge-based development such as cultural diversity, creative class, social cohesion, educational investment (dual propulsion), and promotion of social tolerance, in the strategies and sub-strategies of the development plan.
In the context of urban and environmental development, the foundations of urban development are knowledge, quality of life and location, urban diversity, accessibility or connectivity of the city and spatial justice. It is necessary to focus on Tehran's planning documents, from the broad categories of spatial structure, to a comprehensive and detailed look at the key and key drivers of sustainable city development. Strategies for quality of life, affordable housing and environmentally friendly knowledge clusters must be explained in the context of Tehran's development plan in environmental terms. Accessibility of the city is an influential and dependent driver that responds to the development of effective drivers; it is crucial to consider the role of these drivers as system outputs.
Developing Tehran-based knowledge requires a clear and coherent plan for resolving institutional and legal conflicts. Diverse urban management, divergence of actors, stakeholders and sources of knowledge-based development, dysfunctional organizing system, and poor interaction and interaction between government, academia and industry are major challenges of the institutional dimension of Tehran-based knowledge development. The development of the institutional environment supporting the development of knowledge-based development in Tehran requires the principles of good governance, knowledge governance, effective and coordinated institutional communication and leadership, and its key tools, smart growth and e-government.
 
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
Structural Analysis, driving force, urban development, knowledge based urban development(KBUD), Tehran metropolis
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