بررسی و تحلیل نحوۀ انتقال معنا و اولویت‌بندی انواع کاربری‌ها در فضای شهری با توجه به پارامترهای برنامه‌ریزی شهری

فصلنامه علمی و پژوهشی پژوهش و برنامه ریزی شهری

مقاله 7، دوره 13، شماره 48، اردیبهشت 1401، صفحه 103-120   

نوع مقاله: مقاله برگرفته از پایان نامه

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.30495/jupm.2022.4299

نویسندگان

مرجان محسن زاده^{* 1}؛ محمد علی‌آبادی²؛ جاوید قنبری²؛ سید محمدحسین ذاکری²

¹کارشناسی ارشد معماری، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران.

²استادیار گروه معماری، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران.

تاریخ دریافت: 02 اردیبهشت 1399،  تاریخ بازنگری: 03 شهریور 1399،  تاریخ پذیرش: 03 شهریور 1399 

چکیده

ادراک فرآیندی است که در رابطه متقابل انسان و محیط و با استفاده از محرک­های محیطی، مبتنی بر ایجاد نوعی تطابق میان حالات ذهنی انسان و نیروهای محیطی رخ می­دهد. بنابراین هر پدیده از جمله یک بنای معماری و یا شهری زمانی که در محدودۀ ادراک انسان قرار می‌گیرد پیام خود را از طریق معنا، انتقال می­دهد. هدف پژوهش حاضر، بررسی و تحلیل چگونگی انتقال معنا و یافتن اولویت­بندی انواع کاربری­ها، با توجه به تطابق با پارامترهای برنامه­ریزی شهری در انتقال معنا است. این پژوهش از لحاظ هدف، یک پژوهش کاربردی و از نظر طرح پژوهش، توصیفی محسوب می­شود که در زیر گروه پیمایشی از نوع روش دلفی انجام ­پذیرفت. در بخش­نظری به منظور جمع‌آوری اطلاعات، از مطالعات اسنادی استفاده شده است. پس از تدوین چارچوب نظری پژوهش گردآوری داده‌ها با استفاده از تکنیک پرسشنامه به صورت میدانی انجام شده است. جامعۀ آماری پژوهش، شامل کلیۀ استادان و دانشجویان تحصیلات تکمیلی دانشگاه‌های شهر شیراز می­باشد. برای نگرش سنجی جامعه، در مرحله اول، انواع کاربری­های شهری در قالب پرسش­نامه­ای با میزان تطابق با پتانسیل‌های انتقال معنا و پارامترهای برنامه­ریزی شهری مورد سنجش قرار گرفت. سپس اطلاعات حاصل از تعداد 203 پرسش‌نامه‌های برگشتی تجزیه و تحلیل شد. یافته­ها نشان داد که اولویت­بندی انواع کاربری­ها در فضای شهری با توجه به پارامترهای برنامه­ریزی، به ترتیب متعلق به کاربری­های فرهنگی، مذهبی و مسکونی با مقادیر 33/4، 03/4 و 91/3 است. سطح ­معناداری آزمون فرضیه، نشان داد که بین کاربری­های گوناگون، در امکان برآورده­سازی پتانسیل‌های انتقال معنا و پارامترهای برنامه­ریزی شهری اختلاف معنادار وجود دارد.
سپس بر اساس لزوم بازبینی طرح تفصیلی شهر شیراز و با توجه به مؤلفه‌های موثر بر سازوکار انتقال معنا، تعداد 12 سایت­ با کاربری پیشنهادی فرهنگی و سطح تأثیر شهری-فراشهری شناسایی شدند. پس از آن به انتخاب معیارهای ارزیابی مرتبط برای افزایش مشارکت شهروندان و فرهنگ شهروندی، اقدام گردید. در مرحله دوم پرسشنامه، سایت­های پیشنهادی با در نظر گرفتن امتیازهای هر معیار، با استفاده از تکنیک اولویت­بندی تاپسیس رتبه‌بندی شدند. نتیجه نهایی این رتبه­بندی نشان داد که سایت­های چهارراه ادبیات، کارخانه روغن نباتی و گلدشت به ترتیب با مقدار عددی 83/0، 75/0 و 72/0 در سه جایگاه نخست قرار گرفتند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

انتقال معنا؛ انواع کاربری‌ها؛ پارامترهای برنامه‌ریزی شهری؛ اولویت‌بندی؛ فضای شهری

عنوان مقاله [English]

Meaning Transfer Analysis and Ranking the Types of Usage in Urban Space According to the Parameters of Urban Planning

نویسندگان [English]

Marjan Mohsenzadeh¹؛ Mohammad Aliabadi²؛ Javid Ghanbari²؛ Mohammad Hosein Zakeri²

¹M. A. of Architecture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.

²Assistant Professor of Architecture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.

چکیده [English]

Perception is the process by which the relationship between human and the environment and using environmental stimuli. So every phenomenon, including an architectural or urban building, transfers its message through meaning, when in the human scope perception. The main goal of this study is to investigate the way of meaning transfer and ranking the types of architectural usage due to the potential of meaning transfer. This research is descriptive from research design viewpoint, which is carried out in Delphi-type survey method.
In the theoretical part, internet resources studies have been used to collect required information. Data collection was done after compiling the theoretical framework of the research using a questionnaire technique. The statistical population of the study consists of all faculty and graduate students of Shiraz universities. For population attitude investigation, the types of usage were evaluated in the form of a questionnaire with the degree of adaptation to the meanings transfer potentials and parameters of urban planning in the first step. Data were analyzed from 203 returned questionnaires. The results showed that according to the average score, the ranking of the building typology value belonging to cultural, religious and residential usage are 4.33, 4.03, and 3.91 respectively. Also, the significant level of the hypothesis test showed that there is a significant difference between the various architectural usages in the possibility of providing potential of meaning transfer and parameters of urban planning. Therefore, the matching of different architectural usage is not the same in the possibility of providing potential of meaning transfer.
Then, based on the require review of the detailed plan of Shiraz city and according to the affecting meaning factors in transfer mechanism, 12 sites with cultural proposal and urban-metropolitan impact levels were identified. Then, related evaluation criteria were selected to increase citizen participation and citizenship culture. In the second step of the questionnaire, the proposed sites were ranked using the TOPSIS prioritization technique. The final result of this ranking showed that the sites of Adabiiat Crossroads, Vegetable Oil Factory and Goldasht were in the first three places with numerical values of 0.83, 0.75 and 0.72, respectively.
Extended Abstract
Introduction:
Perception is the process by which the relationship between human and the environment and using environmental stimuli. It is based on the creation of a kind of alignment between human mental states and environmental forces. Every phenomenon, including an architectural or urban building, transfers its message through meaning, when in the human scope perception. Only in this case can be effective communication with the environment and had a meaningful experience. In other words, human attempts to create a personal identity of urban space in his mind. Therefore, the audience's atmosphere affect our sense of environment by the organization of elements. So cognition of latent signs in the environment, lead-in audience to urban meaning perception. Previous studies in the field of humanities and urbanism related to meaning have been carried out rarely, but with regard to the extent of the effective factors on the formation of meaning, so far, no research in the field of architecture and urban planning has examined the comprehensive study of these variables. The main goal of this study is to investigate the way of meaning transfer and then ranking the types of architectural usage due to the potential of meaning transfer and parameters of urban planning.
 In order to achieve the research purposes, the research questions are: what is ranking the types of architectural usage due to the potential of meaning transfer? And what is the most important types of Usage in Urban Space According to the Parameters of Urban Planning? And finally, based on the require review of the detailed plan of Shiraz city and according to the affecting meaning factors in transfer mechanism, given the results of the TOPSIS ranking technique, about the priority of cultural sites with urban-metropolitan impact levels.
Methodology:
The method of this research is a combination of two quantitative and qualitative research methods. In terms of research design, it is descriptive because the purpose of this study is to describe the conditions or phenomena under study which was done in the survey subgroup of Delphi method. The Delphi method is used to examine the views of the experts on a particular topic. In the theoretical part of the research, internet resources, archives, and documentary studies have been used to collect required information. In this research, a questionnaire has been used for collecting data, in order to determine the priority of the types of architectural usage. To eliminate the risk of sampling and increasing the validity of the research, a questionnaire was distributed among the 340 members of the available statistical population through a computer or face to face visit. For the population participation, the questionnaire contained a letter which appreciated the respondents and explained the subject of questionnaire and its completion method. Also, in order to increase the validity of responses, the letter stated that the responses would be used only for statistical analysis as unknown.
In term of purpose, for population attitude investigation, the first step of the questionnaire is about the types of architectural usage were evaluated with the degree of adaptation to the meanings transfer potentials according to the Parameters of Urban Planning. Then, based on the require review of the detailed plan of Shiraz city and according to the affecting meaning factors in transfer mechanism, 12 sites with urban-metropolitan impact levels were identified. In the second step of the questionnaire, the proposed sites were ranked using the TOPSIS prioritization technique.
Results:
The statistical population of the study consists of all faculty and graduate students of Shiraz universities. Data from 203 returned questionnaires were analyzed using SPSS software and TOPSIS technique. On first step of the questionnaire, types of architectural usage was performed with a five-point Likert scale, focusing on five key indicators. The results showed that according to the average score, the ranking of the building typology value belonging to cultural, religious and residential usage are 4.33, 4.03, and 3.91 respectively. Also, the significant level of the hypothesis test showed that there is a significant difference between the various architectural usages in the possibility of providing potential of meaning transfer. In the second analysis phase, TOPSIS technique was performed in the sixth step, to evaluate 12 cultural sites with urban-metropolitan impact levels. The final result of this ranking showed that the sites of Adabiiat Crossroads, Vegetable Oil Factory and Goldasht were in the first three places with numerical values of 0.83, 0.75 and 0.72, respectively.
Conclusion:
The first question of study is about the types of architectural usage were evaluated with the degree of adaptation to the meanings transfer potentials according to the Parameters of Urban Planning. According to the results, it can be found that the cultural usage with an average of 33.4 in the first place and located away from other usage. This doubles the importance of cultural usage to increase citizen participation and promote a culture of citizenship. This is while religious, residential and educational usage with averages 4.03, 3.91, and 3.87 respectively, show almost the same amount. Also, industrial, agricultural and infrastructure buildings with averages of 2.46, 2.46 and 2.33 are in the last three places. As a result, it seems that different types of usage are prioritized according to their audience and the amount of time and focus that they spends on mental interaction. These usage make it possible to transfer meaning according to urban design parameters effectively by using visual and conceptual semiotics.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

Meaning transfer, Types of usage, Parameters of Urban Planning, Ranking, Urban space

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