بررسی و ارزیابی جایگاه مدیریت شهری در ایران بر اساس شاخص های حکمروایی خوب (نمونه مورد بررسی: شهر کرج)

فصلنامه علمی برنامه ریزی منطقه ای

مقاله 5، دوره 12، شماره 45، اردیبهشت 1401، صفحه 67-82   

نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.30495/jzpm.2022.4325

نویسندگان

احسان دانش فر¹؛ منوچهر طبیبیان^{* 2}؛ مریم معینی فر³

¹دانشجوی دکتری شهرسازی، گروه شهرسازی ، دانشکده شهرسازی و معماری قزوین.

²استاد، دانشکده شهرسازی و معماری قزوین، واحد قزوین، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی قزوین ، قزوین، ایران.

³استادیارگروه شهرسازی، دانشکده شهرسازی و معماری قزوین، واحد قزوین، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی قزوین، قزوین، ایران.

تاریخ دریافت: 26 بهمن 1398،  تاریخ بازنگری: 21 شهریور 1399،  تاریخ پذیرش: 27 شهریور 1399 

چکیده

الگوی حکمروایی شهری به عنوان بدیلی برای الگوی سنتی مدیریت شهری بر گذار از نقش ساختارهای رسمی به عنوان محور تصمیم گیری به سوی نقش یابی جامعه مدنی در اعمال حقوق دموکراتیک و انجام وظایف تاکید دارد. این در حالی است که به نظر می رسد استانداردهای حکمروایی شهری، در کشورهای درحال توسعه، چندان مورد توجه قرار نگرفته است. پژوهش حاضر با روش توصیفی-تحلیلی، بدنبال بررسی و ارزیابی جایگاه مدیریت شهری در ایران بر اساس شاخص های حکمروایی خوب در شهر کرج است. گردآوری داده ها با مطالعات میدانی و کتابخانه ای انجام شد. جامعه آماری نیز شامل گروه متخصصین برنامه ریزی شهری است که با نمونه گیری گلوله برفی، 30 نفر انتخاب گردید. برای تحلیل داده ها نیز از آزمون تحلیل عاملی، آزمون تک نمونه ای T، و الگوی تحلیل یکپارچه ANP با کمک نرم افزارهای SPSS و ANP استفاده شده است. یافته های تحقیق نشان داد که، شکل گیری حکمروایی خوب شهر با ضریب T 344/1 ، براساس نیازها و تمایلات شهروندان در حد متوسط است. همچنین، شاخص امنیت(با ضریب 7/938 =T) و قانون مداری(با ضریب 7/490 =T) بالاترین امتیار را کسب کرده است. طبق مدل ANP شاخص های شفاف سازی(C)؛ کارآیی و اثربخشی(E)؛ مسئولیت پذیری و پاسخگویی(F)؛ و وفاق محور(G) در ناحیه چهارم با سازوکاری شکننده و نیازمند بازنگری جدی قرار دارند. در نتیجه برای دستیابی به حکمروایی خوب شهری، تقویت تشکل های مردمی، تقویت فضای رقابتی، شفاف سازی، تقویت سازوکارهای اجرایی و برنامه ریزی، و حذف دیوانسالاری ضروری است.خوب شهری، تقویت تشکل های مردمی، تقویت فضای رقابتی، شفاف سازی، تقویت سازوکارهای اجرایی و برنامه ریزی، و حذف دیوانسالاری ضروری است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

مدیریت شهری؛ حکمروایی خوب؛ مشارکت؛ جایگاه مدیریت شهری؛ شهر کرج

عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigation and Evaluation of Urban Management Position in Iran Based on Indicators Good Governance (Case Study: Karaj City)

نویسندگان [English]

ehsan danesfar¹؛ manoochehr tabibiyan²؛ maryam moinifar³

¹Ph.D. Student in Urban Planning, Department of Urban Planning, Qazvin Faculty of Urban Planning and Architecture, Qazvin Branch, Qazvin Islamic Azad University, Qazvin, Iran.

²Professor, Qazvin Faculty of Urban Planning and Architecture, Qazvin Branch, Qazvin Islamic Azad University, Qazvin, Iran.

³Assistant Professor, Department of Urban Planning, Qazvin Faculty of Urban Planning and Architecture, Qazvin Branch, Qazvin Islamic Azad University, Qazvin, Iran.

چکیده [English]

The model of urban governance as an alternative to the traditional model of urban governance emphasizes the transition from formal structures as the center of decision-making to the role of civil society in the exercise of democratic rights and the performance of duties. This research is a descriptive-analytical study that aims to investigate and evaluate the status of urban management in Iran based on good governance indicators in Karaj. Data collection was done through field and library studies. The statistical population includes a group of urban planning experts who were selected by snowball sampling 30 people. Factor analysis, T-test, and ANP integrated analysis model were used for data analysis using SPSS and ANP software. The findings of the study showed that the good governance of the city with a coefficient of T 1.344 is moderate based on the needs and desires of the citizens. Also, the security index (with a coefficient of T = 7.938) and the rule of law (with a coefficient of T = 7.490) scored the highest. In this regard, the indicators of adherence of city management to the customs and traditions of the city with a coefficient of importance of 0.956; Gender justice in the city with a coefficient of importance of 0.962; And the ability to strengthen indigenous and local mechanisms with a coefficient of importance of 0.968 have been more effective in good urban governance than other indicators. According to the ANP model, transparency indicators (C); efficiency and effectiveness (E); responsibility and accountability (F); Consequently, it is necessary to achieve good urban governance, strengthen grassroots organizations, strengthen competitive environment, transparency, strengthen executive and planning mechanisms, and eliminate bureaucracy.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

Urban Management, good governance, Participation, Urban Management Position, Karaj City

مراجع

1. Ashtiani Iraqi, Majid Reza and Sarvar, Rahim and Ziviar, Parvaneh and Fallah Tabar, Nasrullah (1399). Realization of integrated urban management with emphasis on the role and power of actors at different levels of urban management in Tehran. Journal of Urban Research and Planning, 11 (40), 31-46. (in Persian).
2. Barakpour, Nasser and Asadi, Iraj (1398) Urban Management and Governance, Tehran, Vice Chancellor for Research, University of Arts. (in Persian).
3. Barakpour, Nasser and Asadi, Iraj (2015) Theories of Urban Management and Governance, University of Arts Press, Tehran. (in Persian).
4. Cave, R.W., (2017), Encyclopedia of the city, London & New York.
5. Ding, Yuanzhu (2017): Community building in China: issues and directions, Social Sciences in China, 29:1, 152-159.
6. Eskandari Thani, Mohammad and Mollazadeh, Mehdi and Pourdadash, Amir (1396). Evaluating the level of citizen participation in urban management based on the model of decent urban governance, case study: Aras Free Zone (Julfa city). Regional Planning Quarterly, 7 (27), 159-168. (in Persian).
7. Etaat, J,(2019), The Principals Of Sustainable Development In Iran, Elm Publication
8. Fritz, V. and Alina R. M. (2007), "Development State in the New Millennium: Concept and Challenges for a New Aid Agenda", Development Policy Reviwe, Vol.25, No.5, September, pp. 531-552.
9. Fung, Archon & Fagotto, Elena (2006). Empowered Participation in Urban Governance:The Minneapolis Neighborhood Revitalization Program, International Journal of Urban and Regional Research.
10. Gani, A., & Duncan, R. (2017). Constructing a governance index for Cook Islands, 1985–2005. Pacifi Economic Bulletin, 22 (2), 104-118.
11. Graham, Stephen, & Marvin, Simon (2001) Splintering Urbanism: Networked infrastructures, technological mobilities and the urban condition, London, Routledge,.
12. Healey, P. (2017). Planning theoty: the good city and its governance.
13. Heinlet, Hubert and Kobler, Daniel (1397) Metropolitan Rule: Capacity, Democracy and Dynamics, translated by Iraj Asadi, Shahr Publishing Institute, Tehran. (in Persian).
14. Hekmatnia, Hassan and Maleki, Mohammad and Mousavi, Mir Najaf and Afshani, Alireza. (1396). Investigation and analysis of good urban governance in Iran: Case study: Ilam city. Journal of Spatial Planning, 7 (24), 143-152. (in Persian).
15. Hendriks, F. (2014). Understanding good urban governance: essentials, shifts, and values. Urban Affairs Review, 50 (4), 553-576.
16. Kadago, Joseph, Sandholz Simone, Hamhaber Johannes (2019) Good urban governance, actors relations and paradigms: Lessons from Nairobi, Kenya, and Recife, Brazil, 46th ISOCARP Congress
17. Kauko, T. (2018). An institutional analysis of property development, good governance and urban sustainability. European Planning Studies, 20 (12), 2053-2071.
18. Kazemian, Gholamreza and Ghorbanizadeh, Vajehollah and Vaezi, Reza and Shah Mohammadi, Marzieh (1398) The model of the role and structure of local governance in the Iranian management system. Public Administration, 11 (2), 179-202. (in Persian).
19. Khanmoradi, Sajjad (1398) Analysis of the role of aristocracy on the identity changes of worn-out urban fabric (Case: worn-out fabric of Zanjan), PhD thesis, Supervisor Maryam Moinifar, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Qazvin Islamic Azad University. (in Persian).
20. Lalehpour, Manijeh (2017) Urban Governance and Urban Management in Developing Countries, Urban Planning Research, No. 19 and 20, Tehran. (in Persian).
21. Magre, Jaume & Bertrana, Xavier (2017), Local Governments and Public City Managers in Seventeen European Countries
22. Maleki, Saeed and Arvin, Mahmoud and Bazrafkan, Shahram (1397) Investigating the role of good urban governance model in the realization of a resilient city (Case study: Ahvaz city), Quarterly Journal of Urban Planning Knowledge, 2 (4), pp. 1-18. (Persian).
23. Mallik, V. (2018). Local and community governance for peace and development in Nepal. Deutsches Institut fur Entwicklungspolitik
24. Nallathiga, R., (2008) Metropolitan Urban Governance Approaches and Models: Some Implications for Indian Cities, Paper Presented at the Third international Conference on Public Policy and Management on “Urban Governance and Public Private Partnerships” Held at the Indian Institute of Management – Bangalore on August 4-6 Bangalore.
25. Nazarian, Asghar and Rahimi, Mohammad (2012) Analysis of the management model of Tehran, Quarterly Journal of Human Geography Research, 81: 126-111. (Persian).
26. Parnell, Susan & Robinson (2016), Development and Urban Policy: Johannesburg s City Development Strategy. Urban Studies, vol. 43, No 2, 337-355.
27. Pourmohammadi, Mohammad Reza and Hosseinzadeh Dalir, Karim and Piri, Issa (2011); Optimal Urban Governance Based on Social Capital: A Test of Institutional-Spatial Order of Communication and Non-Economic Activity, Case Study: Tabriz Metropolis, Geographical Studies of Dry Areas, First Year, First Issue. (in Persian).
28. Qanad, Fatemeh (2016) The Necessity of Urban Governance for Planning the Sustainable Development of Local Community (Case: Akhund Qazvin Neighborhood) Master Thesis, Supervisor Mozaffar Sarrafi, Shahid Beheshti University of Tehran, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning. (in Persian).
29. Rahnama, Mohammad Rahim and Asadi, Ruhollah (1393). Determining the status of indicators of good urban governance in Mashhad. Urban and Regional Studies and Research (Stop Publication), 5 (20), 143-162.(in Persian).
30. Rezaei, Mohammad Reza and Karimi, Bebraz (2015). The Role of CDS Urban Development Strategies in Organizing Informal Settlements by Combining ANP and SWOT Models (Case Study: Shiraz Spring Town). Regional Planning Quarterly, 6 (22), 109-120. (in Persian).
31. Roustaei, Shahrivar and Pourmohammadi, Mohammad Reza and Ghanbari, Hakimeh (1396). Investigating the structural role of good urban governance in creating smart cities (Case study: Tabriz Municipality). Journal of Urban Research and Planning, 8 (31), 123-146. (in Persian).
32. Schwab, B & Kuhbler, D. & Walti, S., (2011) Metropolitan Governance and Democratic in Switzerland, Paper Prepared for the Workshops: Governance and Democratic Legitimacy at the 29th ECPR Joint Session of Workshop, 6-11
33. Smit, W. (2018). Urban governance and urban food systems in Africa: Examining the linkages. Cities, 58, 80-86.
34. Span, K. C. L., Luijkx, K. G., Schols, J. M. G. A., Schalk, R. (2017). The Relationship Between Governance Roles and Performance in Local Public Interorganizational Networks: A Conceptual Analysis. The American Review of Public Administration, 42 (2), 186–201.
35. Tavakoli Nia, Jamileh and Shams Pouya, Mohammad Kazem (2017) Towards Local Government Rule; An attempt to introduce the key topics and areas of research: Darkeh neighborhood, Environmental Management Quarterly, 10 (37), pp. 216-195. (in Persian).
36. UN- HABITAT (2003), Local Democracy and Decentralization in East and Southern Africa. www.un habitat.org
37. UN-HABITAT (2009) Urban Governance index (UGI) a tool to measure progress in achieving good urban governance.
38. Virtudes, A. (2016). ‘Good’Governance Principles in Spatial Planning at Local Scale. Procedia engineering, 161, 1710-1714.
39. Ziari, Keramatullah and Yadalehnia, Hajar and Yadalehnia, Hossein (1399) Analysis of urban management performance with emphasis on the indicators of good governance from the perspective of citizens (Case study: Sari city). Journal of Urban Research and Planning, 11 (40), 1-16. (in Persian).