واکاوی عوامل موثر بر تغییرکاربری اراضی کشاورزی و تبدیل آن به باغ و ویلا مطالعه موردی: روستای سیرچ در شهرستان کرمان

فصلنامه علمی - پژوهشی برنامه ریزی منطقه ای

مقالات آماده انتشار، پذیرفته شده، انتشار آنلاین از تاریخ 11 مهر 1399  

نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

سید امیر محمد علوی زاده ¹؛ علی ایزدی²؛ حسین صادقی³

¹عضو هیات علمی دانشگاه پیام نور

²دانش اموخته کارشناسی ارشد- دانشگاه زابل - ایران

³دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی روستایی

تاریخ دریافت: 04 خرداد 1399،  تاریخ بازنگری: 02 مهر 1399،  تاریخ پذیرش: 04 مهر 1399 

چکیده

امروزه با توجه به شرایط، دست اندازی به اراضی بکر و دست نخورده روستاها، بالأخص روستاهای ییلاقی خوش آب و هوا و مستعد در اطراف شهرهای بزرگ و کلان شهرها امری فراگیر است. این موضوع وقتی بحرانی تر می‌شود که ویلاسازی وخانه های ییلاقی شکلی مدگونه و به تبعیت از مد روز به خود می گیرد؛در این پژوهش، روش نمونه‌گیری تصادفی بوده است و با فرمول کوکران97 خانوار در سطح محدوده مورد مطالعه، حجم نمونه تعیین گردید. داده‌ها بخشی، براساس مطالعات میدانی: پرسشنامه، مشاهده: شاخص‌های انتخابی و محقق ساخته و بخشی دیگر با استفاده از مطالعات کتابخانه‌ای جمع آوری شده است. روایی پرسشنامه ها توسط متخصصین مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. ضریب روایی پرسشنامه نیز برابر با 90/0 بدست آمده است. در این میان، برای رتبه بندی شاخص‌های مورد مطالعه، از نظر میزان اثر گذاری عوامل موثر بر تغییرکابری اراضی کشاورزی از مدل(ANP) و برای تجزیه و تحلیل سوالات تحقیق، از نرم افزار SPSS استفاده شده است. یافته‌های تحقیق موید آن است که در روستای ییلاقی سیرچ به طور متوسط 54 و 20 درصد از ساکنین معتقد هستند که اثر عامل اقتصادی را بر تغییرکاربری اراضی کشاورزی، متوسط و زیاد ارزیابی کرده‌اند. از این رو ثروت طلبی بهره‌برداران، درآمد طلبی روستاییان، ضعف بنیه مالی روستاییان(کشاورزان)، کم ارزش بودن زمین روستایی نسبت به شهر، افزایش هزینه‌ای زندگی روستایی، رواج مشاغل کاذب و درآمد مطلوب برخی از آنها(گرایش به سمت قاچاق و ...) از نظر ساکنین کاملا ملموس است. برای بررسی ارتباط بین عوامل موثر بر تغییر کاربری در خانوارهای روستایی در محدوده مورد مطالعه و تبدیل آن به باغ ویلا ، از آزمون همبستگی پیرسون(Pearson) استفاده‌شده است. نتایج تحقیق مؤید آن است که بین این دو متغیر رابطه معناداری وجود دارد. عوامل موثر در تغییر کابری اراضی کشاورزی در خانوارهای روستایی و تبدیل آن به باغ ویلا 572/0 می‌باشد که با توجه به مقادیر حاصل، با سطح اطمینان 99 درصد می‌توان گفت که بین این دو متغیر، ارتباط مستقیم و معنادار با همبستگی متوسط برقرار می‌باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

تغییر کاربری؛ باغ ویلا؛ اراضی کشاورزی؛ روستای سیرچ

عنوان مقاله [English]

Analysis of the Factors Affecting the Agricultural Land Use Change to Villa Gardens: A Case of Sirch village in Kerman City

نویسندگان [English]

ali izadi²؛ hosien sadeghi³؛

²Geography and Rural Planning,University of Zabol, Iran

³payame noor university

چکیده [English]

Encroachment on virgin lands of villages, especially summer villages with good weather around large cities or metropolises, has turned into an all-encompassing event. Therefore, such villages have been violated. The present research intended to analyze factors influencing agricultural land use changes and its conversion into garden villas in Sirch Village in Kerman County. It was an applied study in purpose and a descriptive-analysis one with respect to methodology. Random sampling was used and the sample size (n=308 households) was calculated using Cochran’s formula. Field and library studies were carried out to collect data. Validity coefficient of the questionnaire, investigated by specialists, was 0.90. The studied statistical period was 2019. The ANP model was employed for rating the investigated indicators with respect to the degrees of impact of factors influencing agricultural land use changes and SPSS for analyzing the research questions. The findings confirmed that 54 and 20% of the residents in the Sirch Village considered the impact levels of the economic factor on agricultural land use changes were intermediate and high, respectively.  Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used to study the relationship between factors influencing land use changes in rural households in the study area and its conversion into garden villas. The results indicated that there was a significant correlation (0.572) between these two factors. Considering this coefficient, we can say with 99% confidence level that there was a direct and moderately significant correlation between them. Therefore, it is suggested that more suitable policies be adopted to guarantee quality of life of the rural residents active in the agriculture sector in order  to prevent the expansion of this phenomenon, greater care be exercised by the responsible authorities in enforcing the existing laws on land use changes, and these lands be protected in relation to future land uses.               
 
Keywords: Land Use Changes, Garden Villas, Agricultural Lands, Sirch Village
Introduction
Throughout history, land has had substantial importance as the first and major human capital and has played a main role in the development of countries (Mousavi, Yazdani, 2013: 362). Therefore, land is considered the backbone of agriculture providing considerable socioeconomic and other advantages (Junkie Wu, 2008: 8). Both human and natural interventions have been involved in changes in land use and vegetation cover that have happened from the distant past (Briassoulis, 2000: 12), these changes in land use are among the most important ones that have taken place worldwide (Meyer & Turner, 1994: 537), and they are rapidly increasing in developing countries (Ricardo, Grau, 2003: 1161). Discussions and concerns over land use changes attract great interest nowadays and sustainable land use has turned into an important analytic political topic (Longley & Mesev, 2000: 473). Land use change have been so intense in recent decades that, according to the 2112 report by the FAO, the per capita arable land has decreased by 1.46% in the world and by 2.054% in Iran from 2007 to 2009 (Barati et al., 2014: 639). Since rural area economics and agricultural economics are interrelated and land is one of the main production resources in villages, agricultural land use changes resulting from human activities have turned into one of the main dilemmas of villages as these activities lack systematic planning, disregard sustainable development, are without sustainable management and do not consider environmental limitations (Khakpour et al., 2007: 45). Agricultural land use changes are not limited to the villages surrounding cities but have extended into more remote villages as cities have become densely-populated and various types of pollution have intensified (and these developments have been accompanied by increases in transportation infrastructure and vehicles), and suburban populations have grown. The upper classes in societies, followed by the upper middle classes, escaped from the cities and started a reverse migration to the villages that had virgin nature and untouched by humans. This trend led to increased housebuilding in villages that was accompanied by extensive land use changes. Many examples of this trend can be observed in areas surrounding the cities in Kerman Province. The Sirch Village in Shahdad District of Kerman County, which is located in an area having very good weather, has not been exempt from this encroachment.       
Methodology
This was an applied study in purpose and a descriptive-analytic one in methodology. Random sampling was employed and the sample size (n=97 households) for the study area was determined using Cochran’s formula. The data was collected by conducting field studies, using a questionnaire and making observations. Some of the indicators were selected or researcher-made and others found in laboratory studies. Specialists investigated the validity of the questionnaire and determined its validity coefficient to be 0.90. The studied indicators were rated using the ANP model based on their degrees of impact on the factors influencing agricultural land use changes, and the research questions were analyzed using SPSS.
Findings
The findings of the research confirmed that 54 and 20% of the residents in the Sirch Village considered the impact levels of the economic factor to be intermediate and high, respectively. Consequently, seeking wealth by land developers, looking for income by villagers, weak financial status of the villagers (farmers), low price of rural land compared to urban land, increased living costs of rural life, prevalence of false jobs, and desirable income of some rural people (their inclination to engage in smuggling, etc.) are completely tangible by residents of Sirch Village. To study the relationship between factors influencing land use changes in rural households in the study area and its conversion into garden villas, Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used. The results confirmed that there was a significant correlation (0.572) between these two factors. Considering this coefficient, it is possible to say with 99% confidence level that a direct and moderately significant correlation existed between the two mentioned factors.
Conclusions
Simple life in a simple unadorned spatial-physical environment with strong presence of nature as its substrate is undoubtedly what distinguishes villages and rural life from cities and urban living. Changes and developments of any kind in rural life that take place suddenly and without management and plans will have negative effects on villages and their residents. The changes that have been imposed on the physical bodies of villages, especially those located around cities and having natural attractions and favorable climate, are land use changes through building summer houses, large and small gardens, villas, etc. These changes are so extensive in some villages that life in them must be considered villa living instead of rural life. The Sirch Village is one of such villages that has attracted great interest due to its natural beauty and favorable climate. Land use changes in it have somewhat increased in recent years causing concerns. As mentioned above, the present research investigated and analyzed the factors influencing agricultural land use changes and its conversion into garden villas. It is a noteworthy study compared to similar previous ones on agricultural land use changes. The results of its statistical analyses allow us to infer that the level of land use changes caused by the studied households residing in Sirch will increase by increases in the factors that influence agricultural land use changes.      

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

Use Change, Villa Garden, Agricultural Lands, Sirch Village

مراجع