الگوی سکونت‌گزینی جمعیت مهاجر با رویکرد اکولوژی اجتماعی در شهر رشت

فصلنامه علمی و پژوهشی پژوهش و برنامه ریزی شهری

مقاله 8، دوره 12، شماره 45، مرداد 1400، صفحه 117-136   

نوع مقاله: مقاله برگرفته از پایان نامه

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.30495/jupm.2021.24039.3423

نویسندگان

نصراله مولائی هشجین^{* 1}؛ راما قلمبر دزفولی²

¹دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد برنامه ریزی شهری، واحد الکترونیکی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران و استاد گروه جغرافیا, واحد رشت, دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، رشت، ایران

²گروه شهرسازی، واحد پردیس، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، پردیس، ایران

تاریخ دریافت: 11 بهمن 1398،  تاریخ بازنگری: 20 تیر 1400،  تاریخ پذیرش: 23 مرداد 1400 

چکیده

اکولوژی اجتماعی شهر، شیوه­های اجتماعی و اقتصادی شهر را به تصویر می­کشد و بر هویت محیط اجتماعی شهر تاکید دارد و در پی آن است تا همه شهروندان بتوانند به زندگی شایسته­ای دست یابند. جدایی­گزینی های اجتماعی-فضایی یکی از مسایل مهم کنونی شهرها  به شمار می­رود و از زمینه­های بروز این پدیده، حضور مهاجرین در شهرها است که با توجه به شرایط شان مکان­های خاصی از شهر را برای سکونت خود انتخاب می­کنند. جدایی­گزینی جمعیت مهاجر در قالب نقطه­ای، لکه­ای و پهنه­ای در بخش­های خاصی از شهر و بویژه سکونتگاه­های غیررسمی شکل گرفته و گسترش پیدا می­کند. شهر رشت بزرگترین و مهمترین شهر منطقه شمال ایران، شهری مهاجر­پذیر است که جمعیت آن طی سا­ل­های 1335 تا1395 ازتعداد 109491 نفر به 679995 نفر، تحت تاثیر مهاجرت­های درون­ استانی و برون استانی 2/6 برابر افزایش یافته است. هدف تحقیق حاضر تحلیل الگوی سکونت­گزینی جمعیت مهاجر با رویکرد اکولوژی اجتماعی در شهر رشت است که از نظر هدف کاربردی و از نظر ماهیت و روش­شناسی، توصیفی-تحلیلی است. جامعه آماری تحقیق، کارشناسان فنی شهرداری­های مناطق پنجگانه شهر رشت است که با بهره­گیری از طراحی و تکمیل تعداد 38 پرسشنامه به روش دلفی، داده­ها و اطلاعات مورد نیاز در کنار مطالعات اسنادی جمع­آوری شده است.یافته­هاو نتایج تحقیق نشان می­دهد الگوی سکونت جمعیت مهاجران به صورت؛ نقطه­ای، لکه­ای و پهنه­ای بوده که این الگو در محلات با نسبت بالای جمعیت مهاجر مانند برخی محلات مناطق چهار و پنج برعکس می­باشند. برنامه­ریزی از طریق آماده­سازی زمین­های بلافصل شهر رشت مطابق با طرح­های جامع و تفصیلی و نیز ساختاری-راهبردی به توسعه کالبدی-فضایی و بویژه توسعه اجتماعی-فرهنگی الگوی سکونت پهنه­ای، لکه­ای و نقطه­ای مهاجرین کمک خواهد نمود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

الگو؛ جمعیت مهاجر؛ سکونت گزینی؛ اکولوژی اجتماعی؛ شهر رشت؛ ایران

عنوان مقاله [English]

Settlement Pattern of Immigrant Population with Social Ecology Approach in Rasht City

نویسندگان [English]

NASROLLAH MOLAEI HASHJIN¹؛ Rama Ghalambor Dezfouli²

¹. Mc.S of Urban Planning, Electronic Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran and Geography Professor, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran

²Department of urban planning, pardise Branch, Islamic Azad University, pardise, Iran

چکیده [English]

The social ecology of the city portrays the social and economic practices of the city and emphasizes the identity of the social environment of the city and seeks so that all citizens can achieve a proper life. Socio-spatial segregation is one of the most important current issues in cities and one of the causes for this phenomenon is the presence of immigrants in cities who choose certain places in the city for their residence according to their circumstances. Separation of the migrant population in the form of spatial, spotty and point patterns in certain parts of the city and especially informal settlements has been formed and spread. Rasht city is the largest and most important city in the northern region of Iran, and is an immigrant city that its population has increased 6.2 times during the years 1956 to 2016 from 109491 to 679995 people, under the influence of intra-provincial and extra-provincial migrations. The purpose of this study was to analyze the settlement pattern of the immigrant population with a social ecology approach in Rasht, which was applied and descriptive-analytical study in terms of purpose and also methodology and nature, respectively. The population of the study was the technical experts of the municipalities of the five districts of Rasht city, which the required data and information have been collected along with documentary studies using the design and completion of 38 questionnaires by Delphi method. Findings and results showed that the settlement pattern of the immigrant population has been spatial, spotty and point which this pattern was reversed in neighborhoods with a high proportion of immigrant populations, such as some neighborhoods in districts four and five. Planning through the preparation of immediate lands of Rasht city in accordance with comprehensive and detailed plans as well as structural-strategic plans will help the physical-spatial development and especially socio-cultural development of the pattern of spatial, spotty and point settlement of immigrants.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

Pattern, Immigrant Population, Settlement, social ecology, Rasht City

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