شناسایی هسته‌های عملکردی در شهرهای با رشد بی‌رویه (مطالعه موردی: شهر اهواز)

فصلنامه علمی برنامه ریزی منطقه ای

دوره 13، شماره 50، مرداد 1402، صفحه 131-148   

نوع مقاله: مقاله های برگرفته از پایان نامه

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.30495/jzpm.2021.25602.3703

نویسندگان

محمود آروین^{* 1}؛ احمد پوراحمد²؛ کرامت اله زیاری³؛ سعید زنگنه⁴

¹دانش آموخته ی دکتری جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی شهری، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.

²استاد گروه جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی شهری، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.

³استاد گروه جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی شهری، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.

⁴دانشیار گروه جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی شهری، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.

تاریخ دریافت: 11 مرداد 1399،  تاریخ بازنگری: 26 مرداد 1400،  تاریخ پذیرش: 01 شهریور 1400 

چکیده

ساختار فضایی شهر، تأثیر مهمی بر کارایی اقتصادی و کیفیت محیط شهری دارد. ساختار فضایی ناکارآمد، با افزایش غیرضروری فاصله بین مردم و مکان فعالیت آن‌ها، افزایش طول شبکه زیرساخت شهر، هزینه عملیاتی و جابجایی‌های درون‌شهری را به حداکثر می‌رساند. تحلیل ساختار فضایی شهر برای درک بهتر گسترش شهری مهم است و اطلاعات موردنیاز ارزیابی اثربخشی طرح‌های برنامه‌ریزی را برای مدیران عمومی و برنامه ریزان شهری فراهم می‌کند. هدف پژوهش تحلیل ساختار فضایی شهر اهواز و شناسایی هسته‌های عملکردی می‌باشد. تحقیق از نظر هدف، کاربردی از نظر ماهیت، توصیفی است. روش گردآوری داده‌ها، کتابخانه‌ای و اسنادی است. داده‌ها شامل بلوک‌های آماری سال 1395 و لایه کاربری اراضی شهر اهواز می‌باشند. از تراکم کرنل، آزمون خودهمبستگی فضایی، میانگین مرکزی برای شناسایی هسته‌های عملکردی استفاده شده است. روش لکه‌های داغ و سرد و آزمون خودهمبستگی فضایی برای تحلیل پراکنش جمعیت و اشتغال به کار گرفته شد. برای بررسی ارتباط هسته‌های عملکردی با جمعیت و اشتغال از همبستگی پیرسون در نرم‌افزار spss و برای مدل‌سازی ارتباط فضایی از رگرسیون وزنی جغرافیایی استفاده شد. نتایج تحقیق نشان می‌دهد که پراکنش جمعیت و اشتغال به‌صورت خوشه‌ای می‌باشد. در بخش‌های مرکزی و حاشیه‌ای تراکم جمعیت و اشتغال پایین است و در بخش‌های میانی تراکم بالا است. از نظر نسبت کاربری‌های جاذب سفر منطقه یک (محلات باغ معین، سی متری، بازار عبدالمجید، باغ شیخ، صائبین مندایی) بالاترین تمرکز را دارند و هسته اصلی شهر می‌باشند و محلات لشکرآباد، کمپلو جنوبی، زیتون کارمندی هسته‌های فرعی هستند. همچنین همبستگی فضایی بین هسته‌های عملکردی و تراکم جمعیت نسبتاً پایین می‌باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

ساختار فضایی؛ هسته عملکردی؛ کاربری سفرزا؛ تک‌هسته‌ای؛ اهواز

عنوان مقاله [English]

Identify functional cores in cities with uncontrolled growth (Case study: Ahvaz city)

نویسندگان [English]

- -¹؛ Ahmad PourAhmad²؛ - -³؛ - -⁴

¹PhD in Geography and Urban Planning, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.

²Professor, Department of Geography and Urban Planning, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.

³Professor, Department of Geography and Urban Planning, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.

⁴Associate Professor, Department of Geography and Urban Planning, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.

چکیده [English]

The spatial structure of the city has an important effect on economic efficiency and the quality of the urban environment. Inefficient spatial structure, by unnecessarily increasing the distance between people and their place of activity increase the length of the city's infrastructure network maximizes operating costs and intra-city travel. Analysis of the spatial structure of the city is important for a better understanding of urban development and provides the information needed to evaluate the effectiveness of planning plans for general managers and urban planners. The purpose of this research is to analyze the spatial structure of Ahvaz city and identify functional cores. The present research is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of descriptive-analytical method. The method of data collection is library and documentary. The data include statistical blocks of 2016 and land use layer of Ahvaz city. Kernel density, spatial autocorrelation test, and central mean were used to identify functional cores. . Hot Spot Analysis and spatial autocorrelation test were used to analyze population distribution and employment. Pearson correlation was used in SPSS software to investigate the relationship between functional cores and population and employment and geographic weight regression was used to model the spatial relationship. The research results show that the distribution of population and employment is clustered. In the central and marginal areas, population density and employment are low, and in the middle areas, the density is high. In terms of the proportion of attractive tourist uses in region one (Bagh Moin, Ci metri, Abdolmajid Bazaar, Sheikh Bagh, Saebin Mandai neighborhoods) have the highest concentration and are the main core of the city and Lashkarabad, Kemplo Jenobi and Zetoon karmandi neighborhoods are sub-cores. Also, the spatial correlation between functional core and population density is relatively low.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

Spatial structure, Functional cores, Travel attractive land use, Monocentric city, Ahvaz

مراجع

1. Abbaszadegan, M, Mokhtarzadeh, S, Bidram, R (2012) Analysis of the relationship between spatial structure and development of urban neighborhoods by spatial arrangement method (Case study: Mashhad), urban and regional studies and research, fourth year, No. 14, 62-43. [In Persian]
2. Abdullahi Turkmani, Zahra; Yazdani, M H; Ghanbari Haft Cheshmeh, A (2019) Study and analysis of functional nuclei and its effect on the balance of the spatial structure of the city (case; Tabriz metropolis), Journal of Geography and Planning, Volume 23, N 70, pp. 226-207. [In Persian]
3. Abu Fazeli, H (2006) Modeling the spatial structure of the city using the population density function (an example of the application of the model in the city of Tehran), Master Thesis, University of Tehran, Fine Arts Campus, Supervisor, Master. [In Persian]
4. Alford, G. & Whiteman, J. (2009). Macro-urban form and transport energy outcomes: Investigations for Melbourne. Road & Transport Research: A Journal of Australian and New Zealand Research and Practice, 18(1), 53.
5. Alqhatani, M. Setunge, S. & Mirodpour, S. (2014). Can a polycentric structure affect travel behavior? A comparison of Melbourne, Australia and Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Journal of Modern Transportation, 22(3), 156-166.
6. Alqhatani, M. Setunge, S. & Mirodpour, S. (2014). Can a polycentric structure affect travel behavior? A comparison of Melbourne, Australia and Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Journal of Modern Transportation, 22(3), 156-166.
7. Anas, A., Arnott, R., & Small, K. A. (1998). Urban spatial structure. Journal of economic literature, 36(3), 1426-1464.
8. Arribas-Bel, D. & Sanz-Gracia, F. (2014). The validity of the monocentric city model in a polycentric age: US metropolitan areas in 1990, 2000 and 2010. Urban Geography, 35(7), 980-997.
9. Bertaud, A. (2004). The spatial organization of cities: Deliberate outcome or unforeseen consequence?.
10. Bia, H (2017) Explaining the Physical-Spatial Growth Pattern of Qom Metropolis, PhD Thesis in Geography and Urban Planning, under the guidance of Professors Simin Toulaei and Musa Kamanroudi, Kharazmi University. [In Persian]
11. Burchfield, M., Overman, H. G., Puga, D., & Turner, M. A. (2006). Causes of sprawl: A portrait from space. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 121(2), 587-633.
12. Burgalassi, D. & Luzzati, T. (2015). Urban spatial structure and environmental emissions: A survey of the literature and some empirical evidence for Italian NUTS 3 regions. Cities, 49, 134-148.
13. Cai, J., Huang, B., & Song, Y. (2017). Using multi-source geospatial big data to identify the structure of polycentric cities. Remote Sensing of Environment, 202, 210-221.
14. Coppola, P., Papa, E., Angiello, G., & Carpentieri, G. (2014). Urban form and sustainability: the case study of Rome. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 160, 557-566.
15. Deng, X., Huang, J., Rozelle, S., & Uchida, E. (2008). Growth, population and industrialization, and urban land expansion of China. Journal of Urban Economics, 63(1), 96-115.
16. Dökmeci, V., & Berköz, L. (1994). Transformation of Istanbul from a monocentric to a polycentric city. European Planning Studies, 2(2), 193-205.
17. Engelfriet, L., & Koomen, E. (2018). The impact of urban form on commuting in large Chinese cities. Transportation, 45(5), 1269-1295.
18. García-Palomares, J. C. (2010). Urban sprawl and travel to work: the case of the metropolitan area of Madrid. Journal of Transport Geography, 18(2), 197-213.
19. Ghadami, M, Divasalar, A, Ranjbar, Z, Gholamian Agha Mahalli, T (2013) Strategic evaluation of the spatial structure of the city in the framework of sustainability (Case study of Sari city), Quarterly Journal of Urban Economics and Management, No. 3, pp. 16-14. [In Persian]
20. Ghasemi Rad, H, Lotfi, K (2019) A Study of Strategic Planning in Ahvaz with Emphasis on the Approach to Sustainable Development, Geography and Human Relations, Volume 1, Number 4, pp. 41-24. [In Persian]
21. Hall, P. G., & Pain, K. (Eds.). (2006). the polycentric metropolis: learning from mega-city regions in Europe. Routledge.
22. Hosseini, A (2015) Analysis of Multi-Core Structure and Functional Pattern in Tehran Spatial Planning, PhD Thesis in Geography and Urban Planning, University of Tehran, Faculty of Geography, Supervisor, Ahmad Pourahmad. [In Persian]
23. Huang, D. Liu, Z. Zhao, X. & Zhao, P. (2017). Emerging polycentric megacity in China: An examination of employment sub centers and their influence on population distribution in Beijing. Cities, 69, 36-45.
24. Huang, D., Liu, Z., & Zhao, X. (2015). Monocentric or polycentric? The urban spatial structure of employment in Beijing. Sustainability, 7(9), 11632-11656.
25. Ke, S., Song, Y., & He, M. (2009). Determinants of urban spatial scale: Chinese cities in transition. Urban Studies, 46(13), 2795-2813.
26. Lin, D., Allan, A., Cui, J., & Mclaughlin, R. (2012). The effects of polycentric development on commuting patterns in metropolitan areas. Regional Studies Association.
27. Liu, K., Murayama, Y., & Ichinose, T. (2020). Using a New Approach for Revealing the Spatiotemporal Patterns of Functional Urban Polycentricity: A Case Study in the Tokyo Metropolitan Area. Sustainable Cities and Society, 102176.
28. Liu, Z., & Liu, S. (2018). Polycentric development and the role of urban polycentric planning in China’s mega cities: An examination of Beijing’s metropolitan area. Sustainability, 10(5), 1588.
29. Lotfi, k; Moradi Dol Amir, M; Ghasemi, Z; Delphi, Z (2017), Location of parks in Ahvaz neighborhoods (case study: Zaytoun Karmandi neighborhood, airport and Golestan intersection), Conference on Islamic and historical architecture and urban planning research in Iran, pp. 14-1. [In Persian]
30. Lotfi, S, Shahabi Shahiri, M (2016) Changing the urbanization pattern from single-center-hierarchical urban structure to multi-center network structures, space planning and planning, Volume 20, Number 1, pp. 267-241. [In Persian]
31. Manouchehri Miandoab, A; Anwari, A; Ahar, H (2019) Analysis of the role of functional nuclei in creating imbalance of spatial structure (Case study: Tehran metropolis), Quarterly Journal of Geography and Urban and Regional Planning, No. 23, pp. 40-23. [In Persian]
32. Masip Tresserra, J. (2011). Polycentrism and emerging sub-centres in the restructuring of metropolitan systems. The case of the Barcelona Metropolitan Region (RMB). In 58th Annual North American Meetings of the Regional Science Association International (NARSC-RSAI) (pp. 1-25).
33. McDonald, J. F., & Prather, P. J. (1994). Suburban employment centres: The case of Chicago. Urban studies, 31(2), 201-218.
34. McMillen, D. P. (2001). Nonparametric employment subcenter identification. Journal of Urban economics, 50(3), 448-473.
35. McMillen, D. P., & Smith, S. C. (2003). The number of subcenters in large urban areas. Journal of urban economics, 53(3), 321-338.
36. Mohammadi, S (2014) Analysis of the spatial-physical structure of the central area of Zanjan with a strategic thinking approach, Master Thesis in Urban Planning, Isfahan University of Arts, Supervisor: Mahmoud Mohammadi. [In Persian]
37. Movahed, A, Karmalachab, H; Mohammadi, A (2012) The effect of imposed war on the formation and expansion of marginal areas Case study: Malachieh area of Ahvaz, Environmental Management Quarterly, No. 24, pp. 26-21. [In Persian]
38. Nazarpour Zarki, A (2016) Reconstruction analysis of withered urban areas Case study; Worn textures in the central part of Ahvaz metropolis, Master Thesis in Geography and Urban Planning under the guidance of Dr. Ali Movahed, Kharazmi University. [In Persian]
39. Nemati, Z, Dadashpour, H (1400) Analysis of changes in spatial and demographic form in the process of spatial development of the metropolitan area of Shiraz during the period 1375-1695, Land Management, Volume 13, Volume Number, pp. 81-57.[In Persian]
40. ORGANISATION FOR ECONOMIC CO-OPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT. (2018). Rethinking Urban Sprawl: Moving Towards Sustainable Cities. ORGANIZATION FOR ECONOMIC.
41. Oueslati, W., Alvanides, S., & Garrod, G. (2015). Determinants of urban sprawl in European cities. Urban Studies, 52(9), 1594-1614.
42. Poorahmad, A; Habibian, B; Ahmadnia, M R (2016) An Analysis of the Physical Space of Ahvaz, Bagh-e Nazar, No. 39, pp. 38-25. [In Persian]
43. Rangzan, K; Firoozi, M A; Taghizadeh, A; Mehdizadeh, R (2011), Study and analysis of the role of land use in the formation of thermal islands using R.S and GIS: a case study of Ahvaz, the first national seminar on the use of GIS in economic, social and urban planning, pp. 1-21. [In Persian]
44. Razzaqi Remi (2014) A Study and Evaluation of the Capacity of a Dense City in Increasing Social Justice: A Case Study of Babol, Master Thesis in Geography and Urban Planning, Mazandaran University, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Supervisor, Amer Nikpour. [In Persian]
45. Sajjadian, N; Nemati, M; Daman Bagh, S, Shojaeian, A (2016) An Analysis of the Rapid Growth of Urbanization and Quality of Life in Ahvaz Metropolis, Geography and Urban and Regional Planning, No. 18, pp. 124-187. [In Persian]
46. Sat, A. N. (2018). Monocentric or polycentric? Defining morphological structure of Nuts-2 regions of Turkey from 2000 to 2016. Geographica Pannonica, 22(1), 1-13.
47. Shadrack, M. K. (2015). Mapping urban sprawl and its impacts-a case study of Ruiru Subcounty, Kiambu county (Doctoral dissertation, University of Nairobi).
48. Soleimani, M; Kamanroudi, M; Ahmadi, M; Zanganeh, A; Ipa, H (2019) Analysis of the spatial structure of Qom metropolis with emphasis on the formation of sub-nuclei, Iranian-Islamic city studies, Year 9, No. 38, pp. 22-5. [In Persian]
49. Sun, T., & Lv, Y. (2020). Employment centers and polycentric spatial development in Chinese cities: A multi-scale analysis. Cities, 99, 102617.
50. Tabatabai, S A; Soleimani, H; Ardalan Davoodi Manjezi, A,(2006), Traffic load reduction strategies in the central area of Ahvaz, 7th Iran Transportation and Traffic Engineering Conference, Tehran, Tehran Transportation and Traffic Organization, Tehran Municipality Deputy of Transportation and Traffic. [In Persian]
51. Taubenböck, H. Standfuß, I. Wurm, M. Krehl, A. & Siedentop, S. (2017). Measuring morphological polycentricity-A comparative analysis of urban mass concentrations using remote sensing data. Computers, Environment and Urban Systems, 64, 42-56.
52. Torki, F (2019) A study of the process of physical development of Ahvaz metropolis and its expansion pattern in the horizon of 1400, Quarterly Journal of Geography and Environmental Studies, 8th year, No. 30, pp. 104-91. [In Persian]
53. Weisbrod, G., Vary, D., & Treyz, G. (2003). Measuring economic costs of urban traffic congestion to business. Transportation research record, 1839(1), 98-106.
54. Wu, C., Smith, D., & Wang, M. (2021). Simulating the urban spatial structure with spatial interaction: A case study of urban polycentricity under different scenarios. Computers, Environment and Urban Systems, 89, 101677.
55. Yue, W., Liu, Y., & Fan, P. (2010). Polycentric urban development: the case of Hangzhou. Environment and planning A, 42(3), 563-577.