ناهمگونی فضایی امنیت اکولوژیکی آبخیز سامیان، استان اردبیل

فصلنامه علمی برنامه ریزی منطقه ای

مقاله 6، دوره 12، شماره 48، دی 1401، صفحه 77-94   

نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.30495/jzpm.2021.27360.3853

نویسندگان

زینب حزباوی^{* 1}؛ لیلا بابایی²؛ شیرین زارعی³؛ نازیلا علائی²؛ راحله ملکیان⁴

¹استادیار گروه منابع طبیعی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی و عضو پژوهشکده مدیریت آب، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران.

²دانشجوی دکتری، علوم و مهندسی آبخیزداری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران

³دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی ‌ارشد مهندسی آبخیزداری، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران.

⁴دکتری، کارشناس ارشد مرکز ملی مطالعات راهبردی کشاورزی و آب اتاق ایران، تهران، ایران.

تاریخ دریافت: 26 بهمن 1399،  تاریخ بازنگری: 11 اردیبهشت 1400،  تاریخ پذیرش: 11 اردیبهشت 1400 

چکیده

امنیت اکولوژیکی حوزه آبخیز به ظرفیت زمین و سطح تقاضای مورد انتظار برای تضمین حیات جمعیت ساکن در آن وابسته بوده و ارزیابی منطقه‌ای آن برای پیشبرد برنامه‌ریزی‌ها و سیاست‌گذاری‌های راهبردی ضروری است. به‌همین منظور، پژوهش حاضر با هدف تحلیل وضعیت ناهمگونی امنیت اکولوژیکی حوزه آبخیز سامیان واقع در بخش مرکزی استان اردبیل انجام شد. بر همین اساس، یک روش ارزیابی جامع مبتنی بر تحلیل ابعاد مختلف تأمین و تقاضای امنیت مادی و معنوی در سطح 27 زیرحوضه‌‌ مفهوم‌سازی و پیاده‌سازی شد. نتایج نشان داد که مقدار متوسط هر دو مؤلفه‌ تأمین و تقاضای امنیت اکولوژیکی در کل حوزه آبخیز برابر با 53/0 بوده است. هم‌چنین، از لحاظ شاخص امنیت اکولوژیکی (ESI)، کل حوزه آبخیز دارای وضعیت امن جزئی است. با وجود این، از لحاظ ناهمگونی فضایی، حداکثر مقدار شاخص امنیت اکولوژیکی (49/0) به زیرحوضه 22 واقع در قسمت مرکزی اختصاص داده شد. از ویژگی‌های کلی این زیرحوضه می‌توان به کاربری زراعت آبی اشاره کرد که موجب شده است منطقه از لحاظ امنیت اکولوژیکی در سطح بالایی قرار گیرد. هم‌چنین، حداقل مقدار این شاخص (43/0-) مربوط به زیرحوضه 27 واقع در بخش مرکزی استان است. شهر اردبیل مرکز استان اردبیل در این زیرحوضه قرار دارد و شهری بودن و نبود کاربری زراعت، جنگل و باغ از جمله ویژگی‌های این زیرحوضه است که منجر به قرار گرفتن این زیرحوضه در وضعیت ناامن شده است. توزیع مکانی شاخص امنیت اکولوژیکی نشان داد که وضعیت‌های‌ امن، امن جزئی، ناامن جزئی و ناامن به‌ترتیب 12، 51، 33 و چهار درصد حوزه آبخیز سامیان را شامل شده‌اند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

الگوی فضایی؛ تأمین امنیت اکولوژیکی؛ تخریب حوزه آبخیز؛ توازن منابع

عنوان مقاله [English]

Spatial Heterogeneity of Ecological Security of Samian Watershed, Ardabil Province

نویسندگان [English]

Zeinab Hazbavi¹؛ Leyla Babaei²؛ Shirin Zareie³؛ Nazila Alaei²؛ Raheleh Malekian⁴

¹Assistant Professor, Department of Rangeland and Watershed Management, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, and Member of Water Management Research Center, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran.

²Ph.D. Student, Watershed Management Engineering and Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.

³Former M.Sc. Student, Watershed Management Engineering, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Ardabil, Iran.

⁴Ph.D., Senior Expert, Water Studies Section of National Agriculture and Water Strategic Research Center, Tehran, Iran.

چکیده [English]

The ecological security of the watershed depends on the land capacity and the level of demand expected to ensure the survival of the population living in it and and its regional assessment is necessary to advance the strategic planning and poliy-making. Towards this, the aim of this study was to analyze the heterogeneity of ecological security of the Samian Watershed located in the center of Ardabil Province. Accordingly, a comprehensive evaluation method based on the analysis of various dimensions of supply and demand of material and spiritual security for 27 sub-watersheds was conceptualized and implemented. It was found that the mean value of both supply and demand indicators of ecological security in the whole watershed are equal to 0.53. In general, this watershed has marginal security. However, in terms of spatial heterogeneity, the maximum value of the ecological security index (0.49) was allocated to sub-watershed 22 located in the central part of the watershed. One of the general features of this sub-watershed is the existence of the irrigated agriculture, which has caused the region to be at a high level in terms of ecological security and supplied the demands of region population. Also, the minimum value of this index (-0.43) is related to sub-watershed 27 located in the northwest. The Ardabil City, the capital of Ardabil Province, is located in this sub-watershed, and the urban nature and lack of agriculture, forest, and garden land use are among the characteristics of this sub-watershed, which has led to the sub-watershed being in an unsafe situation. The spatial distribution of the ecological security index showed that 12, 51, 33, and 4% of the region, respectively characterized by security, marginal security, marginal insecurity, and insecurity states cover.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

Resource balance, Spatial pattern, Watershed degradation, Ecological security supply

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