اولویت بندی عوامل موثر بر توسعه منطقه ای در ایران

فصلنامه علمی برنامه ریزی منطقه ای

دوره 14، شماره 54، شهریور 1403، صفحه 23-36   

نوع مقاله: مقاله های برگرفته از پایان نامه

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.30495/jzpm.2022.30594.4118

نویسندگان

اسماعیل امید علی¹؛ زهره فنی^{* 2}؛ ناصر شفیعی ثابت³

¹دانشجوی دکتری، گروه شهرسازی، واحد تهران جنوب، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران

²استاد، گروه جغرافیای انسانی و آمایش دانشگاه شهید بهشتی تهران، ایران.

³دانشیار، گروه جغرافیای انسانی و آمایش دانشگاه شهید بهشتی تهران، ایران

تاریخ دریافت: 22 خرداد 1401،  تاریخ بازنگری: 30 مرداد 1401،  تاریخ پذیرش: 31 مرداد 1401 

چکیده

پیش از تلاش برای اجرای هرگونه استراتژی رشد متعادل منطقه‌ای، لازم است تا عوامل موثر بر توسعه منطقه‌ای از ابعاد گوناگون شناسایی شود. در این راستا در پژوهش حاضر به اولویت بندی عوامل موثر بر توسعه منطقه‌ای از لحاظ شاخص‌های مختلف در ایران پرداخته شده است. این پژوهش از لحاظ هدف تحقیق، کاربردی- توسعه‎ای و از نظر روش تحقیق، تلفیقی از روش‌های توصیفی- تحلیلی است که از روش تحلیل سلسله مراتبی برای وزن دادن به شاخص‌ها و روش فراتحلیل برای تبیین نظریه های اولویت بندی شاخص‌های توسعه منطقه‌ای در ایران استفاده ‌شده است. پس از مقایسات زوجی میان شاخص‌ها و معیارها وزن و اهمیت هریک، در راستای توسعه منطقه‌ای مشخص گردید. از میان 7 شاخص منتخب عامل ارتقا کارایی اقتصادی، توزیع متوازن امکانات و توزیع متوازن زیرساخت ها نسبت به 4 شاخص دیگر از تاثیرگذاری بیشتری در توسعه منطقه‌ای برخودار می‌باشد. از سوی دیگر، نتایج مقایسات زوجی میان معیارهای 22 گانه نیز نشان می‌دهد که به ترتیب فرصت شغلی، درآمد، بهداشتی- درمانی، آموزشی- فرهنگی، حمل و نقل، گردشگری، تفریحی- رفاهی، فناوری اطلاعات و احساس امنیت و ... از اهمیت و تاثیرگذاری بیشتری نسبت به سایر معیارها در توسعه منطقه‌ای برخوردار است. استفاده از نتایج حاصل از پژوهش‌های پیشین با استفاده از روش فرامطالعه و اخذ نظرات کارشناسان در حوزه‌های مختلف علمی، اجرایی و تدوین مطالعات به منظور اولویت بندی عوامل موثر بر توسعه منطقه‌ای ایران با یک دیدگاه فضایی و همه جانبه به صورت جامع و متناسب با واقعیت های اجتماعی- فرهنگی، اقتصادی، زیست محیطی و ... کشور به عنوان تفاوت و ارزش افزوده این پژوهش می‌باشد. با توجه به نتایج حاصل از پژوهش در بخش پیشنهادات، راهبردهایی در راستای توسعه متوازن منطقه‌ای در کشور ارائه شده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

توسعه منطقه‌ای؛ نابرابری؛ شاخص‌های توسعه؛ تحلیل سلسله مراتبی؛ ایران

عنوان مقاله [English]

Prioritization of factors affecting regional development in Iran

نویسندگان [English]

esmail omid ali¹؛ zohreh fanni²؛ Naser Shafieisabet³

¹Ph. D., Department of Urban Planning, South Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

²Professor, Department of Human Geography and Spatial Planning, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran

³Associate Professor, Department of Faculty of Human Geography and Spatial Planning, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran

چکیده [English]

Before trying to implement any balanced regional growth strategy, it is necessary to identify factors affecting regional development from various dimensions. In this regard, in the present research, the factors affecting regional development have been prioritized in terms of various indicators in Iran. In terms of the purpose of the research, this research is applied-developmental and in terms of the research method, it is a combination of descriptive-analytical methods that use the hierarchical analysis method to weight the indicators and the meta-analysis method to explain the theories of prioritization of the regional development indicators. It has been used in Iran. After pairwise comparisons between indicators and criteria, the weight and importance of each was determined in line with regional development. Among the 7 selected indicators that promote economic efficiency, balanced distribution of facilities and balanced distribution of infrastructures are more effective in regional development than the other 4 indicators. On the other hand, the results of paired comparisons among the 22 criteria also show that job opportunity, income, health-treatment, education-culture, transportation, tourism, recreation-welfare, information technology and sense of security, respectively. It is more important and effective than other criteria in regional development. Using the results of previous researches by using the meta-study method and obtaining the opinions of experts in various scientific and executive fields and compiling studies in order to prioritize the factors affecting the regional development of Iran with a spatial and comprehensive perspective in the form of It is comprehensive and appropriate to the socio-cultural, economic, environmental, etc. realities of the country as the difference and added value of this research. According to the results of the research in the suggestions section, strategies have been presented in the direction of balanced regional development in the country.
 
Extended Abstract
 
Introduction
In order to solve the problems caused by regional imbalances, the first step is to recognize and stratify the regions in terms of the level of environmental protection (Rezvani & Sahneh, 2005). In order to develop a scientific and logical foundation for development policy, it is necessary to make a comprehensive assessment of the current state of regional development in terms of various environmental indicators. One of the major and comprehensive issues in strategic development planning is the issue of balanced development, which can be raised in the form of balanced development of sectors or regions. But before trying to implement any balanced regional growth strategy, it is necessary to identify the nature and pattern of regional differences from the environmental dimension, so that a balanced regional policy framework can be organized and guided (Agenda, 2021). In line with the social justice policy, as the central goal of the country's development plans, it is necessary to examine the situation of different regions in terms of distribution and the degree of enjoyment of various environmental indicators, and to consider the deficiencies and inadequacies for future development plans. Such studies can show the situation of different geographical areas from a comparative point of view and classify them in terms of development opportunities and bottlenecks and specify their development priorities (Cristina, Nicoleta, Cătălin & Margareta, 2021). . In this way, by evaluating the potential level of the regions, it is possible to present their facilities and abilities from different perspectives and provide the necessary tools to determine the goal and make decisions about the allocation of different resources in the territory.
 
Methodology
Due to the importance of analyzing information and showing the results of the research, the data and information obtained from the "combined method" has been used, which is analyzed in the form of two qualitative and quantitative methods. In this research, the information collected from institutions, organizations and elites have been qualitatively analyzed using "logic" and "rational reasoning". After their qualitative evaluation and control with the opinions of experts and the collection of available statistics and information from the country's official statistical sources, the required supplementary information was collected through interviews and using existing statistical tests to find the relationships and correlation of the data from the statistics. A description including preparation and setting of the frequency distribution table, drawing a diagram, etc. has been used. Then, computer software such as Excel and SPSS were used to analyze the data and measure the relationships between the variables, and to summarize the theories and analyze the information obtained from the previous research and finally prioritize the indicators of regional development in Iran. A meta-study method has been used.
 
Results and Discussion
According to the purpose of the present research, using the selected method (hierarchical analysis method), the criteria were determined first, then the decision hierarchy was drawn as a tree. Following the decision hierarchy, factors were compared, and competing options were evaluated. After a series of paired comparisons between indicators and criteria, the weight and importance of each were determined in line with regional development. In fact, among the 7 selected indicators that promote economic efficiency, balanced distribution of facilities and balanced distribution of infrastructures are more effective in regional development than the other 4 indicators. On the other hand, the results of paired comparisons among the 22 criteria also show that job opportunity, income, health-treatment, education-culture, transportation, tourism, recreation-welfare, information technology and sense of security, respectively. It is more important and effective than other criteria in regional development.
 
Conclusion
According to the results of the present research, it was determined that paying attention to the homogenization of regions from the point of view of having facilities and social and economic indicators is an issue that can organize the regional policy framework in order to achieve quantitative and qualitative goals. For this purpose, it is necessary to organize the structure of relations between people, space and activities in such a way that the difference between regions can be reduced along with sustainable economic development and improvement of social indicators. The slogan of social justice in the country has always been the target of development programs. Therefore, it is appropriate that after several development programs, the situation of different regions in terms of the degree of enjoyment of various socio-economic indicators should be re-examined and deficiencies and inadequacies should be considered for the next programs.The results of the research show that socio-economic indicators can show the status of different geographic areas from a descriptive-comparative point of view and classify and prioritize them in terms of facilities and bottlenecks. Thus, by using these indicators, we should be able to present the facilities and abilities of different areas from different perspectives, such as benefiting from welfare and job services, and provide the necessary tools for decision-making and goal setting. Extreme centralism in Iran has caused an imbalance in social and economic development in the regions of the country. The absence of regional planning in a scientific manner and the absorption of economic flows by the center, i.e. the capital of the country, has widened this imbalance. An observational review of the country's statistical data that was used in this research revealed this issue well. Therefore, adopting methods to recognize these differences can help planners to reduce spatial inequalities and inconsistencies between sectors and clearly shows the realities and the current situation of these processes. 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

Regional development, inequality, development indicators, hierarchical analysis, Iran

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