نقش سازمان ها و اسناد بین المللی در حمایت از کودکان کار در سکونتگاه های شهری از منظر حقوق بین الملل

فصلنامه علمی برنامه ریزی منطقه ای

دوره 14، شماره 54، شهریور 1403، صفحه 64-80   

نوع مقاله: مقاله های برگرفته از پایان نامه

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.30495/jzpm.2022.30728.4129

نویسندگان

میترا رحیمی¹؛ مصطفی تقی زاده انصاری^{* 2}

¹دانشجوی دکتری حقوق ، گروه علوم انسانی، دانشکده حقوق، دانشگاه بین المللی کیش، کیش، ایران

²استادیار، دانشگده حقوق، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد تهران شمال، تهران، ایران

تاریخ دریافت: 27 تیر 1401،  تاریخ بازنگری: 05 شهریور 1401،  تاریخ پذیرش: 13 شهریور 1401 

چکیده

نهادهای غیر دولتی وسازمان های مردم نهاد در جامعه بین المللی، از طریق بسیج افکار عمومی و با استفاده از دانش و تخصص خود، توجه جامعه جهانی را به خواست ها و نیازهای شهروندان جلب کرده و زمینه را برای تغییر شرایط و بهبود وضعیت زندگی افراد فراهم می کند. در این میان شمار زیادی از سازمان های مردم نهاد چه در سطح داخلی و چه در سطح بین المللی به طور فزاینده ای تلاش خود را متوجه حمایت از کودکان کار کرده اند. با توجه به گستردگی و تنوع مسائل و مشکلات جوامع، ناگزیر دولت ها از سازمانهای غیر دولتی و مردم نهاد طلب یاری نمودند تا بلکه بتوانند با کمک یکدیگر تا حدی این مسائل و مشکلات را حل کنند. از جمله این موارد می توان به عدم حمایت کودکان کار در جامعه اشاره کرد که با توجه به جایگاه کودکان در جامعه به عنوان آینده سازان، نقش مهمی دارند. هدف این تحقیق بررسی نقش نهادهای غیر دولتی در حمایت از کودکان کار از دیدگاه حقوق بین الملل است. روش تحقیق توصیفی-تحلیلی و مبتنی بر روش تحلیل محتوا با توجه اسناد و متون موجود است. در این مطالعه بررسی اسناد مرتبط با کودکان کار در نقاط شهری مورد تاکید بوده است. نتیجه نشان می دهد که تلاش های فعالان حقوق کودک در قالب کنوانسیون ها و معاهدات ملی و فرا ملی تجلی یافته است که ما حصل آن تدوین موادی در حمایت از کودکان کار در اسناد مختلف می باشد. بررسی این اسناد داخلی و بین المللی و ارزیابی آنان، نحوه ی اجرا آن در ایران و جامعه ی جهانی، نقاط ضعف و قوت آنها و نیز پیشنهاد راهکار هایی در راستای ارتقای وضعیت رفاه کودکان و تلاش برای محو کار کودک (آن دسته از کار های مضر و خطرناک)امری ضروری است. در این راستا از بین بردن فقر به عنوان مهمترین عامل در به کار پرداختن کودکان باید در دستور کار قرار گیرد که نیازمند یک برنامه و اقدام جهانی و بین المللی است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

حقوق کودک؛ کودکان کار؛ نهادهای غیر دولتی؛ سازمان های مردم نهاد؛ سکونتگاه های شهری

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Role of International Organizations and Documents in Supporting Working Children in Urban Settlements from the Perspective of International Law

نویسندگان [English]

Mitra Rahimi¹؛ mostafa taghizade ansari²

¹PhD Student in Law, Department of Humanities, Faculty of Law, Kish International University, Kish, Iran

²Assistant Professor, Faculty of Law, North Tehran Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.

چکیده [English]

Non-governmental organizations and non-governmental organizations in the international community, by mobilizing public opinion and using their knowledge and expertise, draw the attention of the international community to the demands and needs of citizens and provide the basis for changing conditions and improving the living conditions of individuals. doing. Meanwhile, a large number of non-governmental organizations, both domestically and internationally, have increasingly focused their efforts on supporting working children. Given the breadth and diversity of societal issues and problems, governments inevitably sought the help of non-governmental organizations and non-governmental organizations so that they could work together to solve these issues and problems to some extent. Among these cases, we can mention the lack of support for working children in society, which play an important role due to the position of children in society as future makers. The purpose of this study is to examine the role of non-governmental organizations in protecting working children from the perspective of international law. The research method is descriptive-analytical and based on the content analysis method according to the available documents and texts. In this study, the study of documents related to working children in urban areas has been emphasized. The result shows that the efforts of child rights activists are manifested in the form of national and transnational conventions and treaties, the result of which is the development of materials in support of working children in various documents. Examining these domestic and international documents and evaluating them, how to implement them in Iran and the international community, their strengths and weaknesses, as well as proposing solutions to improve the welfare of children and efforts to eradicate child labor (those works). Harmful and dangerous) is a must. In this regard, the eradication of poverty as the most important factor in the employment of children should be on the agenda, which requires a global and international program and action.
Extended Abstract
 
Introduction
Non-governmental organizations and non-governmental organizations in the international community, by mobilizing public opinion and using their knowledge and expertise, draw the attention of the international community to the demands and needs of citizens and provide the basis for changing conditions and improving the living conditions of individuals. doing. Meanwhile, a large number of non-governmental organizations, both domestically and internationally, have increasingly focused their efforts on supporting working children. Given the breadth and diversity of societal issues and problems, governments inevitably sought the help of non-governmental organizations and non-governmental organizations so that they could work together to solve these issues and problems to some extent. Among these cases, we can mention the lack of support for working children in society, which play an important role due to the position of children in society as future makers. The purpose of this study is to examine the role of non-governmental organizations in protecting working children from the perspective of international law.
 
Methodology
The research method is descriptive-analytical and applied in terms of purpose. In order to collect data, documents, texts as well as the goals of governmental, non-governmental and non-governmental organizations in the field of working children have been used. There are various child organizations at the international and domestic level in each country, the most important of which are the International Labor Organization, the United Nations Children's Fund, the International Program on the Elimination of Child Labor, the Committee on Children and many non-governmental organizations. نهاد. The method of analyzing these texts was to analyze the content and summary of each report or organization in accordance with the goals in the field of working children.
 
Results and Discussion
The developments of the last few decades show that individuals and, consequently, non-governmental organizations have found a high position in the international arena and their cooperation in achieving the rights of solidarity, one of which is a subset of the right to a healthy environment, is essential. It seems. In fact, the nature of solidarity law makes the need for actors other than governments in the international arena necessary and undeniable. The main reason for the entry of these organizations as influential actors at the national and international levels is the inability of the international system to provide justice and human needs, security and human rights and the protection of working children. Governments do not have enough capacity to solve global problems. Also, they alone do not have enough motivation, will and even the necessary resources to deal with these problems worldwide, so they need the participation of other actors. A study of the impact and role of non-governmental organizations in international affairs shows that simple participation under Article 71 of the Charter of the United Nations has become a broad and effective participation in the formulation and conclusion of global treaties and their implementation. This development is influenced by the spread of human rights ideas in the post-Cold War era, which resulted in the promotion of the status of individuals in the international system. In fact, the new system in question is a system of cooperation and partnership between governments and non-governmental actors, including non-governmental organizations. Given the upward trend in labor law and the progress that has been made in the rights of all working classes over the years in promoting legal regulations, we are witnessing a promising course that is very significant. Other Factors and Issues Sometimes despair overwhelms one. In the meantime, the situation in some places, in particular, is worse and needs more serious attention. The context in this area is also very far from the minimum desirable in terms of basic standards and criteria of human rights. Another point is that according to all the reasons mentioned for child labor, one can not look for a single cause for this problem, but a set of different factors must be considered, nor to find a solution by prescribing a single A single action or way of fighting was expected to eliminate or reduce the population of working children.
 
Conclusion
According to studies, there is a negative correlation between child labor and development and social welfare. That is, the more developed a society is, the smaller the population of working children in that society, and vice versa. Therefore, moving towards social development and improving the economic and social situation of developing countries will greatly reduce the population of these children. However, this goal is not an overnight goal. In this regard, the eradication of poverty as the most important factor in the employment of children should be on the agenda, which requires a global and international program and action.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

Children's rights, working children, non-governmental organizations, urban settlements

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