سنجش و تحلیل اثرات رشد گردشگری بر توسعه فضایی شهر یاسوج

فصلنامه علمی و پژوهشی پژوهش و برنامه ریزی شهری

مقاله 15، دوره 14، شماره 52، اردیبهشت 1402، صفحه 241-258   

نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.30495/jupm.2021.23640.3380

نویسندگان

صادق بشارتی فر^{* 1}؛ مصطفی میرآبادی²

¹استادیار گروه جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی شهری واحد ماهشهر،دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی،ماهشهر،ایران

²دکتری جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی شهری، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران

تاریخ دریافت: 02 دی 1398،  تاریخ بازنگری: 19 مرداد 1400،  تاریخ پذیرش: 22 مرداد 1400 

چکیده

صنعت گردشگری ضمن بهره‌وری اقتصادی، می‌بایست منجر به شکوفایی و بستری جهت نیل به توسعه پایدار در ابعاد مختلف فضایی گردد. در شهر یاسوج، رشد گردشگری علاوه بر پیامدهای مثبت، چالش های جدی را فراروی توسعه فضایی شهر ایجاد نموده است. لذا این تحقیق با روش توصیفی– تحلیلی و با بهره‌گیری از اطلاعات اسنادی و میدانی، در پی اهدافی همچون بررسی روند گردشگران وارد شده (طی سال‌های 1395-1380) به شهر یاسوج و سپس سنجش اثرات رشد گردشگری بر توسعه فضایی این شهر است. لذا به‌وسیله آزمون رگرسیون، با استفاده از نرم‌افزار SPSS، روند جذب گردشگران و همچنین گسترش فیزیکی شهر یاسوج سنجش شده‌اند. از آزمون ضریب همبستگی پیرسون نیز جهت سنجش ارتباط رشد گردشگران با شاخص‌های مختلف توسعه فیزیکی شهر استفاده شده‌است. در ادامه با استفاده از آزمون T.Test پیامدهای رشد گردشگری بر ابعاد مختلف اقتصادی، اجتماعی، کالبدی و زیست‌محیطی سنجش شده‌اند. نتایج مشخص ساختند رشد گردشگری در شهر یاسوج با رشد 309 برابری گردشگران وارد شده نسبت سال 1380، روند افزایشی قابل توجهی داشته‌است. همچنین گردشگری بر افزایش احداث مجتمع‌های تجاری، افزایش احداث مراکز اقامتی و گسترش فیزیکی شهر یاسوج اثر‌گذار بوده‌است. به طوریکه مساحت مجموع کاربری های وابسته به گردشگری در سال 1390،رشدی بیش از 25/1 برابری نسبت به سال 1380 داشته است. از دیگر سو نهادینه نشدن صنعت گردشگری اثر سازنده‌ای بر توسعه اقتصادی در این شهر نداشته‌است. بطوریکه نتایج آزمون T.Test، مشخص ساخت رشد گردشگری بصورت معنی داری در ابعاد اجتماعی، از طرفی موجب رشد نسبی مهاجر‌پذیری و رشد جمعیت شهر، بروز تعارضات اجتماعی و فرهنگی بین گردشگران و جامعه میزبان شده و از سوی دیگر به بهبود وضعیت آموزش عمومی و حس تعلق شهروندان به شهر کمک شایانی نموده‌است. همچنین اثرات رشد گردشگری در بیشتر مولفه‌های زیست‌محیطی مانند افزایش پسماندها، تراکم و ترافیک و صدمه به چشم‌اندازها و گونه‌های زیستی، نامطلوب و مخرب ارزیابی شده‌اند. درمجموع پیامدهای منفی رشد گردشگری در شهر یاسوج بیشتر از پیامدهای مثبت آن بوده‌است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

گردشگری؛ اثرات؛ توسعه فضایی؛ شهر یاسوج

عنوان مقاله [English]

Measuring and Analyzing the Impacts of Tourism Growth on Spatial Development of Yasouj City

نویسندگان [English]

َُSadegh Besharatifar¹؛ mostafa mirabadi²

¹Assistant Professor department of Geography and Urban Planning, Mahshahr.islamic Azad University Mahshahr .Iran

²Ph. D. in Geography & Urban Planning, Science and research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

چکیده [English]

The Tourism industry in addition to economic efficiency has to cause an inflorescence and a foundation to the sustainable development in different spatial dimensions. In Yasuj city, the growth of tourism, in addition to positive consequences, has created serious challenges for the spatial development of the city. Therefore this study using descriptive-analytical and utilizing field and documentary data, seeks objectives such as study the process of tourists entering (during the years 2001-2016) to the city of Yasuj and then measuring the effects of tourism growth on the spatial development of this city. Therefore, by regression test, using SPSS software, the process of attracting tourists and physical expansion of Yasuj city were measured. The Pearson Correlation Coefficient test is used to measure the relation between the tourism Growth with various indices of physical development of the Yasouj city. Then, using T.test test, the consequences of tourism growth on various economic, social, physical and environmental dimensions have been measured. The results showed that the growth of tourism in the city of Yasuj with a 309 times increase in the number of tourists compared to 2001, has had a significant upward trend. Also the tourism has affected the construction of commercial and accommodation land use and the physical expansion of the Yasouj. So that the total area of tourism-related land uses in 2011, has grown more than 1.25 times compared to 2001. On the other hand, the tourism industry has not have a favorable effect on the economic development of the city. As the results of T.test test showed the tourism growth in the social dimensions has caused a relative increase in the growth of immigration, population, occurrence of social and cultural conflicts and on the other hand has helped the public education and the sense of belonging of the citizens. Also, the effects of the tourism growth in the most environmental components are evaluated unfavorable and destructive. Totally, the negative consequences of the tourism growth of the city of Yasouj have been more than positive ones.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

Tourism, Impacts, Spatial Development, Yasouj City

مراجع

1. Administration of Cultural Heritage, Tourism and Handicrafts of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Provinces, (2017). Tourism Statistical Reports, Deputy of Tourism.
2. Akbari, Mahmood. (2006). Spatial analysis of distribution failures of service centers in Yasuj, Master Thesis, Yasuj University.
3. Akis, A. (2011). The effects of mass tourism: A case study from Manavgat (Antalya – Turkey). Journal of Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences 19, 289–296.
4. Amood Consulting Engineers. (2003). Master plan of Yasuj city, Volume 1, Road and Urban Development Department of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Provinces.
5. Amood Consulting Engineers. (2006). Detailed plan of Yasuj city, Volume 1, Road and Urban Development Department of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Provinces.
6. Butler, R. W. (2000). Ecotourism Has it achieved maturity or has the bubble burst? Keynote Address, Pacific Rim Tourism, Rotorua, New Zealand.
7. Dinari, Ahmad. (2010).Urban tourism in Iran and the world, Mashhad, Publication of Vazhegan-e Kherad.
8. Elahimanesh, Mohammad Hasan., Hosaini nejad mahkhatouni, Seyed Bagher., Yasemi, Mohsen. (2018). Economic Role of Tourism in Sustainable Urban Development (Case Study: Bandar Abbas Town). Social Science Quarterly, 12(42), 47-68.
9. Fanni, Zohre., Alizadeh Touli, Mohammad., Zahmatkesh, Zeinab. (2015). The Effects of Tourism on Urban Sustainable Development on the Base of Habitant's Views; Case Study: Qeshm Island. Tourism Management Studies, 9(28), 39-72.
10. Hajinejad, Ali., Pourtaheri, Mahdi., Ahmadi, Ali. (2010). The effects of commercial tourism on the physical-spatial development of urban areas (Case study: Baneh city). Human Geography Research, 42(70). 91-109.
11. A.J., Snaith, T., Miller, G. (2005). The Social Impacts of Tourism a Case Study of Bath, UK: Annals of Tourism Research, Vol.32, No.3, pp.647-665.
12. Harssel, V. (1994). Tourism an Exploration, Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall.
13. Harvey, D. (2000). Social justice and the city, Translated by Farrokh Hesamian., Mohammad Reza Haeri and Behrooz Monadizadeh, Tehran: Publication of Urban Processing and Planning.
14. Hashempoor, Seyede Fahimeh., Lahmian, Reza., Barari, Masoomeh. (2012). Investigating the economic and environmental effects of urban tourism from the perspective of citizens (Case study: Babolsar city), Journal of Natural Ecosystems of Iran, 3 (1), 49-63.
15. Hekmatnia, Hasan., Bagheri Kashkooli, Ali. (2021). Evaluation and analysis of the effects of tourism on sustainability of economy, municipalities’ citizens’ income (case study: Babak city-Kerman province), Journal of Urban Research and Planning, 11(43), 102-114.
16. Koosheshtabar, Mohsen. (2008FF), Tourism as a tool for sustainable development in urban management, Tehran, Publications of Municipalities and Villages Organization.
17. Lea, J. (1998). Tourism and Development In The Third Word, London: Routledge.
18. Lumsdone, Les. (2001), Marketing for tourism, Translated by Mohammad Ebrahim Govharian, Tehran, Cultural Research Publications.
19. Majidi Dehsheikh, Hakimeh., Safarabadi, Azam., Goli, Ali. (2017). Regional Spatial Planning of Rural Tourism Attractions with an Emphasis on Ecotourism Potentials of Kohgiluyeh-BoyerAhmad Province, Journal of Urban Research and Planning, 8(29), 61-82.
20. Mao, X., Meng, J.,Wang, Q. (2014). Modeling the effects of tourism and land regulation on land-use change in tourist regions: A case study of the Lijiang River Basin in Guilin, China. Journal of Land Use Policy, 41, 368–377.
21. Mc Intryre, G. (1993). Sustainable Tourism Development: Guide for Local Planners, Madrid, World Tourism Organization (WTO).
22. Movahed, Ali. (2008). Urban tourism, Ahvaz, Publication of Shahid Chamran University.
23. Movahed, Ali., Amanpour, Saied., Naderi, Kaveh. (2012). Urban tourism marketing based on branding with Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) (case study of kermanshah city). Journal of Spatial Planning, 1(3), 17-36.
24. Noorbakhsh, Morteza., Akbarpoor Saraskanrood, Mohammad. (2010). The role of urban tourism in the economic development of metropolises, Journal of Urban Economy, Volume 2, Special Issue of Tourism, 20-34.
25. Poor Ahmad, Ahmad., Behdoost, Faranak., Farhoodi, Rahmatollah. (2015). The Investigation of the Role Tourism in Urban Development of Kermanshah. Geography and Territorial Spatial Arrangement, 5(15), 85-100.
26. Rahimi, Mohammad., Pazand, Fatemeh. (2016). The Tourism Impacts on Urban Development with the Approach of Improving the Quality of Life (Case Study: Gachsaran City). Journal of Urban Social Geography, 3(2), 19-37. doi: 10.22103/juas.2016.1838
27. Rahnamaei, Mohammad Taghi. (2011). Urban tourism, Tehran, Publications of Municipalities and Villages Organization.
28. Romao, J., & Nijkamp, P. (2017). Spatial-economic impacts of tourism on regional development: challenges for Europe. International Conference: Challenges of Europe University of Evora, Vimioso Palace, Largo Marquis of Marialva, Portugal, May 2017.
29. Safaiepoor, Masood., Amanpoor, Saeid., Bastaminia, Zolfaghar. (2011). Analyzing the role of immigration in the spatial - physical development of the city of Yasouj (1966- 2006), Quarterly Journal of New Attitudes in Human Geography, 3 (4), 145-158.
30. Sajjadi, Zhila., Razavian, Mohammad Taghi., Heidari, Jahangir., Jamali, Hosein. (2018). The Role of Urban Management in Sustainable Development of Coastal Tourism from the Perspective of the Host Society (Case Study of Bushehr City), Journal of Urban Research and Planning, 9 (33), 1-16.
31. Sharbatian, Mohammad Hasan. (2011), Reflection on urban tourism in Iran and providing solutions for the sustainable development of this urban industry, The First International Conference on Tourism Management and Sustainable Development, 29 September, Marvdasht, Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht Branch.
32. Taghvaei, Masood., Hosseinekhah, Hossein. (2018). Tourism Development Planning Based on Futures Studies and Scenario Case Study: Yasouj. Journal of Tourism Planning and Development, 6(23), 8-30.
33. Taghvaei, Masood., Safarabadi, Azam. (2011). The role of urban management in achieving sustainable development of urban tourism in the city of Kermanshah, Arid Regions Geographic Studies, 1 (4). 35-52
34. Yasuj Municipality. (2017). Civil engineering reports and building permits issued in Yasuj city, Deputy of Civil Engineering.