تحلیلی بر رابطه حس مکان با تعلق در محلات شهری ( نمونه موردی: محله باقرآباد شهر رشت)

فصلنامه علمی و پژوهشی پژوهش و برنامه ریزی شهری

مقاله 7، دوره 14، شماره 52، اردیبهشت 1402، صفحه 107-122   

نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.30495/jupm.2021.25813.3609

نویسندگان

امیر رنجبری¹؛ مریم جعفری مهرآبادی^{* 2}؛ اسماعیل آقائی زاده³

¹دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی شهری،دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران.

²استادیار گروه جغرافیا، دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران.

³دانشیار گروه جغرافیا، دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران.

تاریخ دریافت: 13 شهریور 1399،  تاریخ بازنگری: 04 تیر 1400،  تاریخ پذیرش: 13 تیر 1400 

چکیده

تعلق از موضاعات کلیدی مطالعات شهری می باشد. در نوسازی محلاتی که در محدوده مرکزی شهرها واقع شده اند، مشارکت ساکنان در نوسازی، عاملی اساسی بشمار می رود. تعلق زمینه ای را برای مشارکت فراهم می آورد. با توجه به رواج اقتصاد خدماتی و مصرف گرایی در شهرها، تعلق بیشتر بصورت نمادین و عملگرا جلوه می کند. بیشتر تحقیقات صورت گرفته در این زمینه نیز، ماهیت اجتماعی و عمل گرای تعلق را در فرایند تغییرات محلات مورد توجه قرار می دهند و از عاملیت انسانی و ذهنیت گرایی(حس مکان) در این مسئله غفلت می کنند. این پژوهش در پی پر کردن این شکاف و بررسی همبستگی بین این دو می باشد. به این ترتیب هدف این مقاله این است که نشان دهد با وجود تنوع فرهنگی، اجتماعی و اقتصادی در محله تاکید صرف بر تعلق نمادین و عملگرا باعث بوجود آمدن جدایی گزینی اجتماعی می شود و حس مکان (بودن در مکان) این مسئله را تعدیل می کند و باعث انسجام بیشتر می شود. جامعه آماری پژوهش ساکنین محله باقرآباد شهر رشت می باشند که محدوده آن توسط طرح جامع رشت و سند توسعه محلات تعیین شده است. با استفاده از جدول مورگان 375 نفر با عنوان نمونه مطالعاتی انتخاب شدند. داده ها از طریق پیمایش و تکمیل پرسشنامه جمع آوری شده و با استفاده از آمار توصیفی و آمار استنباطی مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفت. نتایج تحقیق حاکی از این است که ارتباط معنی دار مثبت بین حس مکان و تعلق وجود دارد و حس مکان در سطح متوسط بر تعلق اثر می گذارد. احساسات شخصی افراد همواره در اعمال و رفتارهایی که بیانگر تعلقشان است تاثیر گذار است. این بدان معناست که احساس شخصی و صمیمانه فرد برای تعلق داشتن به یک مکان باید همیشه با گفتارها و اشکال مطالبات اجتماعی - مکانی مطابقت داشته باشد . همچنین نتایج تحقیق مشخص می کند که مهم ترین شاخص حس مکان احساس عمیق محله که 84 % از واریانس و مهمترین شاخص تعلق، تحقق نیاز ها که 64% از واریانس را تبیین می کند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

تعلق؛ حس مکان؛ اجتماع؛ محله؛ محله باقرآباد شهر رشت

عنوان مقاله [English]

An Analysis of the Relation between Sense of Place and Belonging in Urban Neighborhoods (Case Study: Bagherabad Neighborhood of Rasht)

نویسندگان [English]

amir ranjbari¹؛ Maryam Jafari Mehrabadi²؛ Esmaeil Aghaeizadeh³

¹M.A. in Geography and Urban Planning, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran.

²Assistant Professor of Department of Geography, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran.

³Associate Professor of Department of Geography, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran.

چکیده [English]

Belonging is one of the key themes of urban studies. In the redevlopment of neighborhoods located in the Inner city, the participation of residents in redevlompment is a key factor. Belonging provides a platform for participation. Given the prevalence of Service industry and consumerism in cities, belonging is more symbolic and pragmatic. Most of the research in this field also pays attention to the social and pragmatic nature of belonging in the process of neighborhood change and neglects human agency and subjectivism (sense of place) in this issue. This study seeks to fill this gap and examine the correlation between the two. Thus, the purpose of this article is to show that despite the cultural, social and economic diversity in the neighborhoods, the mere emphasis on symbolic and pragmatic belonging causes social segregation and moderates the sense of place (being in place). And it makes for more coherence. The statistical population of the study is the residents of Bagherabad neighborhood of Rasht, the area of which is determined by the comprehensive plan of Rasht and the neighborhood development document. Using Morgan table, 375 people were selected as the study sample. Data were collected by surveying and completing a questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The results indicate that there is a significant positive relationship between sense of place and belonging and sense of place affects belonging at a moderate level. Honestly' personal feelings are always influential in the actions and behaviors that express their belonging. This means that a person's personal and sincere feeling of belonging to a place must always be consistent with the words and forms of socio-spatial demands. The results also show that the most important indicator sense of place is the Neighbourhood sentiment, which is 84% of the variance, and the most important indicator of belonging is the Influence, which explains 64% of the variance.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

Belonging, sense of place, community, neighborhood, Bagherabad neighborhood of Rasht

مراجع

1. Aitken, Stuart; Valentine Gill; (Translation: Mohammad Hossein Yazdani and Hossein Saadlou Nia); First Edition (1397); Approaches to Human Geography (Philosophy, Theories, People and Practical Procedures) Mohaghegh Ardabili University Press
2. Antonsich, Marco,(2010), Searching for Belonging – An Analytical Framework, Geography Compass 4/6 (2010): 644–659, doi. 10.1111/j.1749-8198.2009.00317.x
3. D, Jackson.P, Sibley.D, Washbourne.N, (1395) Translators Narges Khalesi Moghadam, Cultural geography, critical culture, key concepts, Tisa Press
4. Behzadfar Mostafa, Shakibamenesh Amir; (1393)An Inquiry into the Philosophy of Phenomenology of Place, A Study of David Simon's Thoughts on the Concept of Home as a Place; Quarterly Journal of City Identity, Issue 17, Year 8, Spring 1393
5. Bernardo Fatima & Palma-Oliveira Jos_e-Manuel,(2016), Urban neighbourhoods and intergroup relations: The importance of place identity, Journal of Environmental Psychology 45 (2016) 239e251, doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2016.01.010
6. Chamila T. Attanapola (2007) Were they ever ‘in place’? Sense of place and self-identities among migrant female export-processing zone workers in Srilanka, Norsk Geografisk Tidsskrift - Norwegian Journal of Geography, 60:3, 217-226, DOI: 10.1080/00291950600891778
7. Collins Tom,(2016) Urban civic pride and the new localism, Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 2016, ISSN 0020-2754 Citation: 2016 41 175–186 doi: 10.1111/tran.12113
8. Daneshpour Abdul Hadi, Saffar Sabzevar Fatemeh,(2018) An analysis of physical factors affecting the sense of belonging to a place in the old center of Sabzevar, Journal of Urban Research and Planning, Year 9, Issue 33
9. Fallov Mia Arp(2010) Community Capacity Building as the Route to Inclusion in Neighbourhood Regeneration? International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Volume 34.4 December 2010 789–804, DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2427.2010.00905.x
10. Fenster , Tovi,(2004) Belonging, memory and the politics of planning in Israel, Social & Cultural Geography, Vol. 5, No. 3, September 2004, DOI: 10.1080/1464936042000252796
11. Fenster, Tovi& Vizel, Ilan,(2006) Globalization, sense of belonging and the African community in Tel Aviv-Jaffa, Studies in Culture, Polity and Identities Vol.7 (1) 2006: 7-24
12. French Sarah, Wood Lisa, Alexandra Foster Sarah, Billie Giles-Corti, Lawrence Frank, and Vincent Learnihan,(2014) Sense of Community and Its Association With the Neighborhood Built Environment, Environment and Behavior 2014, Vol. 46(6) 677– 697, DOI: 10.1177/0013916512469098
13. Frost Diane, Catney Gemma(2019):Belonging and intergenerational transmission of place identity: Reflection on British inner- city neighbourhood,urban studies 1- 17,DOI: 10.1177/0042098019887922
14. Gregory Derek, Johnston Ron, Pratt Geraldine, Watts Michael J., Whatmore Sarah, THE Dictionary Of Human Geography, 5th Edition, (2009) by Blackwell Publishing Ltd except for editorial material and organization
15. Grossmann Katrin & Haase Annegret (2015): Neighborhood change beyond clear storylines: what can assemblage and complexity theories contribute to understandings of seemingly paradoxical neighborhood development?, Urban Geography
16. Hackworth J (2002) Post-recession gentrification in New York City. Urban Affairs Review, 37:815–843
17. Hakimi Hadi, Zadvali Fatemeh, Zadvali Khajeh Shahrokh(1395): Relationship between housing quality and psychological capital in informal settlements (Case study: Yusufabad neighborhood, Tabriz), Geographical Urban Planning Research, 22 Vol. 4, No. 1, Spring 1395 (2016)
18. Hatami Khaneghahi Tohid, vaziri vahid, Salmanian Bahareh, Taj al-Dini Negin (1399) : Comparison of factors affecting the sense of belonging in new and old neighborhoods Ardebil city, Journal of Urban Studies, No. 34 / Spring 1399 / 17 – 28
19. Jennifer Carter , Pam Dyer & Bishnu Sharma (2007) Dis-placed voices: sense of place and place-identity on the Sunshine Coast, Social & Cultural Geography, 8:5, 755-773, DOI: 10.1080/14649360701633345
20. Krang, Mike (Mehdi Gharkhloo), (1390), Tehran, Cultural Geography, Samat Publications
21. Lähdesmäki, T., Saresma, T., Hiltunen, K., Jäntti, S., Sääskilahti, N., Vallius, A., & Ahvenjärvi, K. (2016). Fluidity and flexibility of ‘‘belonging’’: Uses of the concept in contemporary research. Acta Sociologica, 59 (3), 233-247. doi:10.1177/0001699316633099
22. Lees L and Ley D (2008) Gentrification and public policy. Urban Studies 45(12):2379–2384
23. Lewicka, M. (2011). “What Makes Neighborhood Different From Home and City? Effects of Place Scale on Place Attachment.” Journal of Environmental Psychology 30 (1): 35–51
24. Ley David, (1981) Cultural/humanistic geography, Progress in Human Geography, 1981 5: 249, DOI: 10.1177/030913258100500205
25. s.o:, Translators Aref Aghvami Moghadam, (1390) Social Exclusion and Inner city Europe, University Of Tehran Press
26. Martin, Deborah G. (2003) Enacting Neighborhood1 , Urban Geography, 24:5, 61-385, DOI: 10.2747/0272-3638.24.5.361
27. McMillan, D., & Chavis, D. )1986(. Sense of community: A definition and theory. Journal of Community Psychology, 14, 6–23.
28. Mouffe C (2005) On the Political. London: Routledge
29. Municipality of Rasht Region 2 "1394" Document of the neighborhoods of Rasht
30. Nikouyeh, Mahmoud .(1387) .Rasht silver rains .Ili publications
31. Pakzad Jahanshah, )2014(, The Course of Thoughts in Urbanism (From Space to Place) Volume 3, Tehran, Armanshahr Publications
32. Paton K (2009) Probing the symptomatic silences of middle-class settlement: A case study of gentrification processes in Glasgow. City 13(4):432–450
33. Pinkster Fenne M.  (2016): Narratives of neighbourhood change and loss of belonging in an urban garden village, Social & Cultural Geography, DOI: 10.1080/14649365.2016.1139169
34. Pollini Gabriele, (2005) Elements of a Theory of Place Attachment and Socio- Territorial Belonging, International Review of Sociology: Revue Internationale de Sociologie, 15:3, 497-515, DOI: 10.1080/03906700500272483
35. Preece Jenny,(2020): Belonging in working-class neighbourhoods: dis-identification, territorialisation and biographies of people and place, Urban Studies 2020, Vol. 57(4) 827–843, DOI:10.1177/0042098019868087
36. Procedure for determining locations and target areas; Secretariat of the Supreme Council of Urban Planning and Architecture; 28/8/1397
37. Rabbani Rasoul, Karimizadeh Ardakani Somayeh, Nazari Javad "2010", A Study of Factors Affecting the Social Identity of New Cities (Case Study of Tehran Campus City) Quarterly Journal of National Studies, 43, Year 11, Issue 3, Pages 101-128
38. Razavian Mohammad Taqi Mohammed Abdul, Barghamadi M, Shams dynamic Mohammad Kazem, (1393) evaluates the identity of urban neighborhoods clocked sense of belonging (the neighborhood tea smell Gonbad-e Qabus, research and knowledge of the land, Issue 18, pp. 27 -37
39. Relph, Edward, Place and placelessness (1395) (Mottaki Zuhair, Naqsan Mohammadi, Mohammad Reza, Mandegari Kazem), , publications utopia;
40. Robertson Douglas , Ian McIntosh & James Smyth (2010) Neighbourhood Identity: The Path Dependency of Class and Place, Housing, Theory and Society, 27:3, 258-273, DOI: 10.1080/14036090903326429
41. Robertson Douglas (2013): Knowing Your Place: The Formation and Sustenance of Class-Based Place Identity, Housing, Theory and Society, DOI:10.1080/14036096.2012.755472
42. Sarason, S. B. (1974). The psychological sense of community: Prospects for a community psychology. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
43. Savage, Mike;(2010) The Politics of Elective Belonging, Housing, Theory and Society, Vol. 27, No. 2, 115–161, 2010, DOI: 10.1080/14036090903434975
44. Seamon David, Lundberg Adam, Humanistic geography, (2017) , The International Encyclopedia of Geography,
45. Sheikhi Mohammad, Amini Saeedeh, Nezami Anahita, (1394), Comparative study of the sense of belonging in formal and informal settlements (Case study: Parand New City and Nasim Shahr), Social Sciences Quarterly, No. 69, Summer 2015
46. Smith Rebecca, (1985), Activism And Social Status As Determinants Of Neighborhood Identity, Professional Geographer, 37(4). 1985, 421 -432, doi.org/10.1111/j.0033-0124.1985.00421.x
47. Smith Rebecca L ,Creatig Neighborhood Identity Through Citizen Acitivism, Urban Geography(1984), doi.org/10.2747/0272-3638.5.1.49
48. Soytemel Ebru (2014): “Belonging” in the gentrified Golden Horn/Halic neighbourhoods of Istanbul, Urban Geography, DOI: 10.1080/02723638.2014.956419
49. Tavakoli Nia Jamileh, Afrasiabi Rad Mohammad Sadegh, Buchani Mohammad Hossein, (1394) Measurement of the sense of belonging and its spatial-spatial effects on worn-out urban contexts (Case study: Sahlabad neighborhood of Shiraz) Quarterly Journal of Urban Planning , Volume 7, Number 25, Pages 1-21
50. Tuan Yi-Fu (1974) Topophilia: A Study of Environmental Perception, Attitudes and Values. Morningside Edition. New York: Colombia University Press
51. Tuan, Yi Fu; (1396); Experimental space and place; Translators Rasoul Soleimani and Mohsen Soleimani, Parham Naghsh Publications
52. Tuan, Yi Fu; (Razieh Reza Zadeh) 1980, Confrontation of gentry and Sense of Place, 43. Quarterly Journal of the Academy of Arts, Winter 2005, pp. 126-139
53. Vahida Fereydoun, Negini Somayeh, (1391), Construction and Credit of the Neighborhood Identity Scale, Quarterly Journal of Urban Studies, Second Year, Issue 2, Spring 2012, pp. 35-58
54. Williams Allison , Kitchen Peter , DeMiglio Lily , Eyles John , Newbold Bruce & Streiner David (2010)Sense of Place in Hamilton, Ontario: Empirical Results of a Neighborhood- Based Survey, Urban Geography, 31:7, 905-931 doi.org/10.2747/0272-3638.31.7.905
55. Woldoff, R. (2011). White flight/black flight. The dynamics of racial change in an American Neighborhood. Ithaca, NY : Cornell University Press.
56. Wood, Nichola; Waite, Louise;(2011) Editorial: Scales of belonging, Emotion, Space and Society 4 (2011) 201–202, doi:10.1016/j.emospa.2011.06.005
57. Yarker Sophie,(2017), Reconceptualising comfort as part of local belonging: the use of confidence, commitment and irony, Social & Cultural Geography, DOI: 10.1080/14649365.2017.1373301.