ارزیابی مدل توسعه مبتنی بر حمل و نقل عمومی (TOD) با توسعه مدل مکان-گره و تحلیل خوشه‌ای (مطالعه موردی خط یک متروی مشهد)

فصلنامه علمی و پژوهشی پژوهش و برنامه ریزی شهری

مقاله 11، دوره 13، شماره 50، آذر 1401، صفحه 160-173   

نوع مقاله: مقاله برگرفته از پایان نامه

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.30495/jupm.2022.5536

نویسندگان

فائزه فاطمی پور¹؛ رخشاد حجازی^{* 2}؛ سیدعلی جوزی³؛ مرتضی اکبری⁴

¹دانشجوی دکتری محیط زیست، واحد تهران شمال، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران ، گروه

²استادیار، گروه محیط زیست، واحد تهران شمال، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران.

³استاد، گروه محیط زیست، واحد تهران شمال، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران.

⁴استادیار، گروه مدیریت مناطق خشک و بیابانی، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و محیط زیست، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران.

تاریخ دریافت: 10 آذر 1399،  تاریخ بازنگری: 01 فروردین 1400،  تاریخ پذیرش: 04 فروردین 1400 

چکیده

توسعه مبتنی بر حمل و نقل عمومی (TOD) یک استراتژی برای ادغام کاربری اراضی و سیستم حمل و نقل عمومی در مناطق شهری در اطراف ایستگاه‌های مترو و BRT است.TOD به معنای حداکثر تراکم، حداکثر تنوع کاربری، ایجاد امکانات برای عابرپیاده، ایجاد فضاهای عمومی در اطراف ایستگاه‌ها و طراحی ایستگاه‌ها به صورت مراکز تفریحی، در محدوده ای با 10 دقیقه پیاده‌روی از ایستگاه‌های حمل و نقل است. این تحقیق با هدف خوشه‌بندی 9 ایستگاه در خط یک مترو مشهد، با توسعه مدل مکان-گره در مناطق TOD و بهره‌گیری از تحلیل خوشه‌ای Ward انجام گرفت. تحقیق حاضر از نظر هدف، کاربردی_ارزیابی و از نظر ماهیت و روش انجام توصیفی-تحلیلی و کمی است. همچنین تجزیه و تحلیل اطلاعات به کمک نرم افزارهای Execle و Arc map صورت گرفته است. در انجام این پژوهش از داده‌های شهرداری استفاده گردید؛ و اطلاعات کاربری اراضی به صورت میدانی تهیه و وارد نرم افزار Arc map شد. برای دستیابی به این هدف دایره‌ای به شعاع 500 متر به مرکزیت هر ایستگاه رسم گردید و سه شاخص مکان، گره و دسترسی مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. در مرحله بعد، نمودار اسکاتر مدل مکان-گره رسم گردید. و با اضافه کردن معیار دسترسی (شامل شاخص‌های IPCA و مسیر دوچرخه) به خوشه‌بندی ایستگاه‌ها پرداخته شد. نتایج نمودار مکان-گره نشان می‌دهد که به صورت میانگین معیار مکان از گره بالاتر است. به صورتی که میانگین مکان 0.303 و میانگین گره 0.274 است. همچنین همه ایستگاه‌ها به جز یک مورد در منطقه متعادل قرار دارند. نتایج خوشه‌بندی Ward نشان می‌دهد؛ با اضافه کردن معیار دسترسی موقعیت ایستگاه‌ها در خوشه‌ها تغییر کرده و در چهار دسته کلی طبقه‌بندی می‌گردند. همچنین میزان همبستگی بین دو معیار مکان و گره با دسترسی مثبت است. ولی این عدد برای دسترسی و گره بسیار کم و میزان r 0.12 و برای دسترسی و مکان r 0.6 است. به علاوه می‌توان گفت معیار گره از مرکز شهر به اطراف کاهش پیدا می‌کند. معیار مکان متاثر از تقاطعات اصلی است و در محلات قدیمی واحدهای تجاری و جمعیت بیشتر است. معیار دسترسی در محلات جدید به دلیل تقاطعات بیشتر و بلوک‌های شهری کوچکتر افزایش یافته است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

توسعه مبتنی بر حمل و نقل عمومی (TOD)؛ روش Ward؛ خوشه‌بندی؛ مدل مکان-گره؛ مشهد

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of Transit Oriented Development (TOD) with Developing Node-Place Model and Cluster Analysis (Case Study of Mashhad Metro Line 1)

نویسندگان [English]

faezeh fatemipour¹؛ rokhshad hejazi²؛ seyed ali jozi³؛ morteza akbari⁴

¹Ph.D. Candidate., Department of Environment, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.

²Faculty Member, Department of Environment, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.

³Professor, Department of Environment, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.

⁴Assistant professor, Department of Desert Areas Management, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.

چکیده [English]

Transit oriented development (TOD) is a strategy for integrating land use and public transportation systems in urban areas around metro and BRT stations. TOD means maximum density, maximum diversity, pedestrian facilities, public spaces around stations, and design of stations as leisure centers within a 10-minute walk of transportation stations. This research was carried out with the aim of clustering 9 stations on line 1 of Mashhad metro, by developing a node-place model in TOD areas and using Ward cluster analysis. The present research is applied-evaluation in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical and quantitative in terms of nature and method. Data analysis was also performed using Execle and Arc map software. In this study, municipal data were used; And land use information was prepared in the field and entered into Arc map software. To achieve this goal, a circle with a radius of 500 meters was drawn to the center of each station and three indicators of place, node and access were evaluated. In the next step, the scatter diagram of the node-place model was drawn. The stations were clustered by adding access criteria (including IPCA and bicycle route indicators). The results of the node-place diagram show that the average place criterion is higher than the node. The average location is 0.303 and the average node is 0.274. Also, all but one station is in a balanced area. Ward clustering results show; By adding access criteria, the position of the stations in the clusters changes and they are classified into four general categories. Also, the degree of correlation between the two criteria of place and node with positive access. But this number is very low for access and node and r= 0.12 and for access and place r= 0.6. In addition, it can be said that the standard of the node decreases from the city center to the surrounding area. The place criterion is affected by the main intersections and is more in the old neighborhoods of commercial units and population. Accessibility in new neighborhoods has increased due to more intersections and smaller urban blocks.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

transit oriented development (TOD), Ward method, clustering, node-place model, Mashhad

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