جایگاه مسجد در تحقق همبستگی اجتماعی و توسعه شهر اسلامی

فصلنامه علمی و پژوهشی پژوهش و برنامه ریزی شهری

دوره 14، شماره 55، اسفند 1402، صفحه 221-236   

نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.30495/jupm.2021.28909.3983

نویسنده

علی اسماعیلی^*

گروه معارف، واحد مرودشت، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، مرودشت ، ایران

تاریخ دریافت: 16 شهریور 1400،  تاریخ بازنگری: 28 مهر 1400،  تاریخ پذیرش: 29 مهر 1400 

چکیده

مسجد در دین اسلام دارای بیشترین قدمت در تاریخ اسلام است و می­تواند در شکل­گیری مفهوم شهر اسلامی نقش اساسی ایفا کند. همچنین مهمترین نماد شهر اسلامی از بُعد معماری منظر و کالبد شهری مساجد هستند، اما باید در تحقق شهر اسلامی به ابعاد دیگر مسجد نیز توجه نمود. در عصر حاضر علی الخصوص در کشورهای در حال توسعه که بی اعتمادی و عدم توجه به جامعه در زندگی بیشتر ساکنین شهر قابل مشاهده است. با رشد شهرهای اسلامی و تبدیل آنها به کانون­های اجتماعی، به تناسب رشد جمعیت، همواره در معرض کاهش همبستگی­ اجتماعی و شهروندی بوده­اند تا جایی که سبب اختلال در نظام روابط جمعی و کارکردهای آن شده است. بنابراین باید اقدام به برنامه‌ریزی‌هایی جهت افزایش سطح همبستگی اجتماعی برای بالا بردن سرمایه اجتماعی درون شهرها نمود و این امور را در اولویت قرار داد. از جمله مکان هایی که می‌تواند در این زمینه موثر باشد مساجد هستند، زیرا با تکیه بر آموزه­های اسلامی می­توانند به هویت­بخشی در میان شهروندان کمک نموده و در تحقق همبستگی اجتماعی و توسعه شهرهای اسلامی تأثیر به­سزایی داشته باشند، تا زمینه‌ساز ایجاد تمدن نوین اسلامی باشند. نوشتار حاضر جزء پژوهش­های کیفی و از نوع کاربردی بوده و با شیوه کتابخانه­ای و اسنادی با هدف تبیین جایگاه و نقش مسجد در تحقق همبستگی اجتماعی و توسعه شهرهای اسلامی به آن پرداخته می­شود. پرسش اصلی مطرح شده این است که جایگاه مسجد در تحقق همبستگی اجتماعی و توسعه شهر اسلامی چگونه است؟ نتایج یافته­های پژوهش، نشان می­دهند که مساجد در پیدایش شهرهای اسلامی، نقشی فراتر از کالبد دارند زیرا مساجد به غیر از کاربرد عبادی، دارای کاردکردهای متنوعی نیز هستند، و در فقدان روش­های جایگزین اجتماعی و فرهنگی و نیز راهکارهای فضای مناسب در شهرهای اسلامی می توان از پتانسیل مسجد به عنوان یک مرکز مذهبی و اجتماعی در ایجاد اتحاد میان شهروندان و همبستگی اجتماعی استفاده نمود. و این مسئله را به مرور در سایر شهرهای اسلامی نیز گسترش داد، زیرا یک هویت مشترک اسلامی بین این شهرها وجود دارد و با استفاده مناسب از مساجد قطعاً شاهد حل بسیاری از مشکلات اجتماعی شهروندان در شهرهای اسلامی و حرکت به سوی توسعه این شهرها خواهیم بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

واژه های کلیدی: مساجد؛ شهر اسلامی؛ هویت؛ توسعه؛ همبستگی اجتماعی

عنوان مقاله [English]

The position of the mosque in the realization of social solidarity and development of the Islamic city

نویسندگان [English]

ali esmaili

Department of Education, Marvdasht Branch. Islamic Azad University. Marvdasht . Iran

چکیده [English]

The mosque in Islam, the oldest institution in its history, plays a crucial role in shaping the concept of an Islamic city. The mosque is the most important symbol of the Islamic city in terms of landscape architecture and urban structure. However, the realization of an Islamic city requires attention to other aspects of the mosque as well. In today's era, especially in developing countries, a lack of trust and attention to societal needs can be seen in the lives of most city dwellers. As Islamic cities grow and transform into social centers, they often experience a decline in social solidarity and civic engagement, disrupting the system of collective relations and its functions. Therefore, it is essential to plan to increase social solidarity and prioritize these issues to raise social capital in cities.Among the places that can be effective in this field are mosques. By relying on Islamic teachings, mosques can help instill a sense of identity among citizens and significantly impact social solidarity and the development of Islamic cities, laying the foundation for a new Islamic civilization. This article is part of qualitative and applied research, conducted using library and documentation methods, aiming to explain the role of the mosque in achieving social solidarity and developing Islamic cities. The main question posed is: What is the role of the mosque in realizing social solidarity and the development of the Islamic city?The research findings show that mosques play a role beyond their physical presence in the emergence of Islamic cities. Mosques have various functions beyond religious use, and in the absence of alternative social and cultural institutions and spatial solutions in Islamic cities, the potential of the mosque as a religious and social center can be utilized to foster unity among citizens and promote social solidarity. This phenomenon has gradually spread to other Islamic cities due to their shared Islamic identity. Proper use of mosques can address many social problems of citizens in Islamic cities and contribute to their development.
Extended Abstract
 
 
Introduction
 
Today, the social context of Islamic neighborhoods and cities is very weak in terms of capital and assets derived from the network of residents' relations and how they interact with each other, and people should be addressed as people rather than citizens. The absence or lack of opportunities for citizen participation in the administration of the city has made them isolated. For this reason, it is necessary to look for elements in Islamic cities that are effective in realizing the title of Islamic city and its development and social solidarity. Religion is the deepest, truest and most enduring thing that can lead people to internal social solidarity, and this internal collective consensus is a prerequisite for social solidarity based on external indicators. And of course, the religion of Islam is no exception to this rule and having a social base such as mosques can play a significant role in this regard. Mosque in Islamic civilization can intervene in the urban body, pave the way for the realization of the title of Islamic city and also due to having various functions, including in social fields, can increase the rate of social solidarity. Furthermore, it should be noted that in Islamic cities, mosques have different types such as neighborhood mosque, city mosque and mosque.
 
Methodology
According to the objectives and components under study, the type of applied research has been used in a library and documentary manner, and the method used in this paper has been a qualitative review method. Which has been compiled with the aim of explaining the position and role of the mosque in the realization of social solidarity and development of Islamic cities. The main question raised in this study is what is the position of the mosque in achieving social solidarity and development of the Islamic.
 
Results and discussion
The main element and pillar of the pillar in the Islamic city is man. Because no city can be created without human beings, human beings can also have a direct influence on other pillars and elements in the design and construction of cities, namely law and body. The next pillar in the realization of the Islamic city is the law. Now, for the emergence of an Islamic city in which a pious person lives, there is a need for a law that meets the needs of this person and its implementation will cause the comfort and progress of the inhabitants of the city in material and spiritual matters. The third pillar is the urban body. This body should have a different function from other cities, so that the Muslim residents of the city, not only did not suffer from seeing these monuments and buildings on a daily basis, but watching this body all day long reminds them of Islamic thought and moves them forward in material things. And spirituality and humanity.An important point in the architecture of mosques is the height of the mosque, which is usually taller than other buildings in the neighborhood and the city. The Muslim inhabitants of the city to be effective in moving forward and progressing materially and spiritually.
In order to create social solidarity in the Islamic city, it is necessary to pay attention to points such as trust among citizens, participation and social cohesion among citizens, because these matters are the main structure of the social solidarity. One of the main effective factors in creating social solidarity is trust. It is among the citizens, so in the neighborhoods of Islamic cities, if there are centers where the people of that neighborhood gather; Such as cultural centers, mosques, etc. can be effective in creating this trust among the people. The second factor in creating social solidarity is participation among citizens. Matters such as participating in decision-making and decision-making, paying attention to solving the problems of the neighborhood and participating in solving them due to the awareness of neighborhood citizens about these issues, as well as being valuable and paying attention to the opinions of elders and trustees Respect of local trustees for the demands and opinions of residents, creates a sense of ownership and motivates citizens to participate in the development of the neighborhood and, consequently, the city. Mosques, because they have a special place among the citizens of the Islamic city, can be a good place to gather, express and take care of neighborhood and city affairs, and thus become a place to create social solidarity among citizens.
It should be noted that mosques are not one-dimensional and are not just a place for Muslim worship, but in fact a place for a Muslim community in a city, and this community can be active in various fields, the most important of which are: The place of worship is the place of holding religious ceremonies and occasions, promoting the practical principles and theoretical foundations of Islam in worldly and otherworldly affairs, teaching Islamic ethics and finally the place of training a perfect human being in material and spiritual dimensions. The architecture of mosques and their location as a neighborhood mosque, city mosque and mosque should be in a way that, in addition to its formation and impact on the creation of the body of the Islamic city, is also reminiscent of the Islamic concepts mentioned. Because the realization and development of Islamic cities requires a special look at mosques. If the mosque can be active in all the mentioned dimensions, it can definitely play a role in the development of Islamic cities, because by cultivating committed people and encouraging them to gain expertise in other specialized and academic centers and by implementing it, It can revive the spirit of Islam in the whole city and be the basis for the development of the Islamic city in every sense.
 
Conclusion
As long as the values of a society and the realities of an environment are compatible, society is free from social tensions and anomalies. Such a society can restore and maintain its social solidarity with the focus on mosques without experiencing social tensions and disruptions, and without being affected by new phenomena.By developing an urban planning policy based on the sense of ownership of the people, we can increase the rate of social solidarity among citizens, and thus take positive steps in achieving a healthy, safe, vibrant, identity-friendly neighborhood suitable for Muslim life. picked up.According to Durkheim's theory, the degree of religiosity of individuals is directly related to their social solidarity. People can come together and further help to solve most of the social problems of citizens in Islamic cities with a focus on mosques, can ultimately lead to the development of Islamic cities.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

Keywords: Mosques, Islamic city, identity, development, social solidarity

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