بررسی چگونگی تأثیر کیفیت درگیری با فضا بر میزان حضور پذیری در فضاهای عمومی شهری (مورد کاوی: بازارهای سنتی کلان‌شهر شیراز)

فصلنامه علمی و پژوهشی پژوهش و برنامه ریزی شهری

دوره 14، شماره 55، اسفند 1402، صفحه 167-188   

نوع مقاله: مقاله برگرفته از پایان نامه

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.30495/jupm.2021.29370.4058

نویسندگان

سیده مریم باقری^{* 1}؛ طاهره نصر²؛ علی اکبر حیدری³؛ ملیحه تقی پور⁴

¹دانشجوی دکتری؛ گروه معماری، دانشکده هنر و معماری، واحد شیراز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، شیراز، ایران

²دانشیار؛ گروه معماری، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد شیراز، شیراز، ایران

³عضو هیئت علمی دانشکده فنی و مهندسی دانشگاه یاسوج ، یاسوج، ایران

⁴استادیار معماری؛ گروه معماری، دانشکده هنر و معماری، واحد شیراز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، شیراز، ایران

تاریخ دریافت: 19 آبان 1400،  تاریخ بازنگری: 04 دی 1400،  تاریخ پذیرش: 04 دی 1400 

چکیده

افراد ارتباطات متفاوتی با فضا به‌صورت فعال و غیرفعال برقرار می‌کنند که می‌تواند آن‌ها را با فضا درگیر و زندگی متنوع و پرجنب‌وجوشی در آن فضا ایجاد کنند و درنتیجه تأثیر بسزایی در افزایش حضور پذیری در آن فضا داشته باشند. ازاین‌رو توجه به جنبه‌های مختلف درگیری با فضا (فعال و غیرفعال) ضروری به نظر می‌آید. هر چه امکان درگیری افراد در یک فضا بیشتر باشد، حضور اقشار مختلف در آن افزایش‌یافته و درنتیجه میزان حضور پذیری در آن ارتقاء می‌یابد. در همین ارتباط موضوع حضور پذیری افراد در بازار به‌عنوان یک فضاهای عمومی که نقش مهمی در رونق اقتصادی، اجتماعی و فرهنگی شهرها دارند، از اهمیت ویژه­ای برخوردار است که در پژوهش حاضر مجموعه بازار سنتی شیراز به‌عنوان نمونه موردی تحقیق در نظر گرفته‌شده است. ازاین‌رو هدف اصلی در این پژوهش، تحلیل میزان حضور پذیری در بازار بر اساس میزان درگیری استفاده‌کنندگان با فضای بازار است. بر همین اساس، میزان حضور پذیری افراد در بازار به‌عنوان متغیر وابسته و کیفیت درگیری با فضای بازار به‌عنوان متغیر مستقل شناخته می­شود؛ همچنین مجموعه بازار سنتی شیراز به‌عنوان نمونه موردی تحقیق در نظر گرفته‌شده است. روش تحقیق در این پژوهش توصیفی تحلیلی مبتنی بر ترکیب روش­های کمی و کیفی است و از روش­های مشاهده، مصاحبه، برداشت میدانی، اسناد و مطالعات کتابخانه‌ای جهت جمع‌آوری اطلاعات و از نرم­افزار Depthmap  و تحلیل محتوا در ارزیابی موضوع بهره گرفته شد. نتایج تحقیق حاکی از وجود رابطه مستقیم میان درگیری فضایی و تمایل به استفاده از بازار داشت. مخروط دید، عناصر کیفی چهره شهر، عناصر کالبدی تاریخی، قابلیت دید، کیفیت لبه‌ها و کیفیت هم‌جواری‌ها ازجمله ابعاد درگیری فضایی در بازارها هستند که بر میزان حضور پذیری در بازار نقش داشته‌اند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

حضور پذیری؛ درگیری فضایی؛ درگیری فعال؛ درگیری غیرفعال؛ بازارهای شهر شیراز

عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigating the Effect of the Quality of Engagement with Space on the Attendance in Public Urban Spaces (Case Study: Traditional Bazaars of Shiraz Metropolis)

نویسندگان [English]

seyede maryam bagheri¹؛ Taherh Nasr²؛ Ali Akbar Heidari³؛ malihe Taghipour⁴

¹Ph.D Student, Department of Architecture, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran.

²Associate Professor, Department of Architecture, Islamic Azad University of Shiraz, Shiraz, Iran.

³Assistant Professor of Architecture, Department of Technical and engineering, Yasuj University, Yasuj, Iran

⁴azad universityAssistant Professor, Department of Architecture, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran.

چکیده [English]

Different people actively and passively establish different connections with the space, which can engage them with the space and create a diverse and lively life in that space, and as a result, have a great impact on increasing the attendance in that space. Therefore, it seems necessary to pay attention to different aspects of the engagement with space (active and inactive). The greater the possibility of people being involved in a space, the more the attendance of different strata in it increases and as a result, the level of attendance in it increases. In this regard, the issue of bazaar attendance as a public space that plays an important role in the economic, social and cultural prosperity of cities, is of particular importance that in the present study, the traditional bazaar complex of Shiraz has been considered as a case study. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to analyze the level of bazaar attendance based on the degree of user engagement with the market environment. Accordingly, the degree of attendance of people in the bazaar is known as a dependent variable and the quality of engagement with the bazaar environment is known as an independent variable; Also, the traditional Shiraz bazaar complex has been considered as a case study. Research method In this descriptive-analytical research is based on a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods. Methods of observation, interview, field survey, documentation and library studies were used to collect information. Depthmap software and content analysis are used to evaluate the subject. The results showed that there was a direct relationship between spatial engagement and the tendency to use the bazaar. Cones of view, qualitative elements of the city's visage, historical physical elements, visibility, quality of edges and the quality of neighborhoods are among the dimensions of spatial engagement in markets that have contributed to bazaar attendance.
Extended Abstract
 
 
Introduction
 
Engagement with space in a public place raises the level of use of public spaces and the individual's need for their environment.
Successful public spaces offer opportunities for different groups of users to engage actively with the space as well as passively engage and not communicate with others.
In this regard, the issue of the attendance of people in the bazaar as a pedestrian-centered public spaces that play an important role in the economic, social and cultural prosperity of cities, is of particular importance. Engagement with the bazaar space takes place through their entrances, rows and neighborhoods. Therefore, the more these inputs and the order and the neighborhoods related to them are of better quality in terms of space engagement indicators, the more the attendance will increase and, consequently, the more prosperous these collections will be. Therefore, the issue of engagement with bazaar space and its impact on the attendance and in this direction, the factors affecting this issue have been studied.
According to the research literature, the qualities of space engagement can be examined in two areas of active engagement and passive engagement in space. With this explanation, the present research is question-based and the main research question can be proposed as follows:
- How has active and passive engagement led to bazaar attendance?
 
Methodology
The main purpose of this study is to analyze the degree of market attendance based on the degree of user engagement with the bazaar environment. Accordingly, the degree of attendance of individuals in the bazaar is known as a dependent variable and the quality of engagement with the bazaar environment is known as an independent variable; Also, the traditional Shiraz bazaar complex has been considered as a case study example. Bazaar attendance refers to the degree of willingness of individuals to use each of the markets to perform voluntary activities. They were interviewed and asked about the reasons for choosing the entrance that was used to enter the bazaar. Therefore, to measure the presence in each market, questions were asked about the reasons for their attendance in the bazaar.
In relation to measuring the engagement with space in the bazaar, two dimensions of passive conflict and active engagement were considered. Passive engagement through analysis of ability level, historical physical elements, formal beauty and active engagement through visibility, edge quality and neighborhood quality. It was evaluated in each bazaar. In connection with data collection, various methods such as observation, interview, field surveys and review of documents and library studies, and in data analysis, methods of space syntax and content analysis were used.
 
Results and discussion
Rows 3 and 2 have the most engagement with space, respectively, and rows 4 and 5 have the least spatial engagement among the different rows of the traditional Shiraz bazaar. On the other hand, in relation to the parameter of the tendency to be attendance in the internal space of the bazaar as a dependent variable, the highest values ​​are observed in the 2nd and 3rd orders and the lowest values ​​are observed in the 5th and 4th orders. This confirms the main hypothesis of the research that there is a relationship between conflict in the bazaar and the tendency of people to be in attendance in the bazaar.
 
Conclusion
The general results of this research can be in attendance as follows:
- The most important achievement of the attendance study is to confirm the existence of a correlation between spatial engagement in the bazaar and the desire to be attendance in the bazaars.
Passive engagement in any bazaar can be assessed by: vision cone, the results showed that there was a direct relationship between spatial engagement and the tendency to use the bazaar. Cones of view, visage qualitative elements, historical physical elements, visibility, quality of edges and quality of neighborhoods are among the dimensions of spatial engagement in bazaars that have contributed to bazaar attendance.
 
And historical physical elements. In this regard, the existence of surface differences in the level of entrances and shops to the level of the bazaar order and the appropriate width of the order and entrances, direct geometric structure and spatial openness along the bazaar order, increase the level of efficiency in the bazaar order. The higher the level of capability at the entrances and bazaar s, the more physical units, events and details can be seen in it, which increases passive engagement and bazaar attendance.
Axial symmetry in the entrances and rows, harmony in the materials used and the decorations and details of the bodies, the attendance of rhythm in the bodies and the ceiling, the variety of colors in the bazaar, increase the visage qualitative elements and the tendency to watch and roam in the bazaar. Has increased bazaar attendance.
The attendance of old names and signs, the attendance of traditional architectural elements, the preservation of long-standing old uses, both attract residents through reminiscence and are very attractive to tourists. In this way, these components encourage users to move and roam and watch and stay in space, and thus cause inactive engagement and ultimately attendance in the bazaar space.
Active engagement in any bazaar can be assessed by: visibility, edge quality, and neighborhood quality. In this connection, the less the depth between the arena and the shops and also the separation of the arenas without physical barrier, the visual influence between the arena and the shops increases and the possibility of interaction and communication between passers-by and shopkeepers increases in both directions. Increases active and bazaar attendance.
Whenever there are edges in the interior of the bazaar that have the right structure, furniture and equipment to sit on, a variety of activities are formed along the edge, which increases the interaction between different user groups and active engagement along the edge, which Increases bazaar attendance.
The greater the variety and interdependence of compatible uses in the path field as well as the activities formed in the path field, the greater the relationships between uses and activities, and ultimately the interaction between uses and activities and the people attendance in the bazaar. In this connection, the appropriate width and width of the route causes the route to have the capacity and potential to attract more activities. In addition, the attendance of crowded uses along the bazaar route invites more people to the bazaar. Also, neighborhoods with a central open space that have the potential to stop and invite people in, increase active interaction and conflict between people because in these spaces, people are more likely to face each other. The sum of these factors increases the opportunities for interaction and promotes attendance.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

Attendance, Spatial Engagement, Active Engagement, Passive Engagement, Shiraz Bazaars

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