تحلیل فضایی-کالبدی بافت فرسوده بندر بوشهر، نمونه موردی: محله جفره بندر بوشهر

فصلنامه علمی و پژوهشی پژوهش و برنامه ریزی شهری

دوره 15، شماره 57، شهریور 1403، صفحه 135-150   

نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.30495/jupm.2022.29429.4069

نویسندگان

سید نورالدین امیری^{* 1}؛ مهسا دهقانیان²

¹عضو هیات علمی دانشکده هنر و معماری . دانشگاه خلیج فارس . بوشهر .ایران

²دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد برنامه‌ریزی منطقه‌ای، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران

تاریخ دریافت: 30 آبان 1400،  تاریخ بازنگری: 08 اردیبهشت 1401،  تاریخ پذیرش: 08 اردیبهشت 1401 

چکیده

ممکن ‌است‌ موجب ‌بروز‌ مشکلات ‌در‌ آن و‌ حرکت ‌آن ‌به‌سوی نقطه ‌پایانی ‌شود و همچنین واقعیتی است که تاکنون بیشتر شهرهای با سابقه و تاریخی ایران، تحت تأثیر آن قرار گرفتـه انـد. گاه‌ در ‌برخورد ‌با ‌پدیده ‌و‌ گاه‌ در‌ قیاس با آن است‌ که ‌می‌توان‌ به ‌فرسایش،‌ ضعف‌ و‌ کاهش‌ کارایی ‌آن‌ پی ‌برد. بافت های شهری در انواع گوناگون (تاریخی، فرسوده، حاشیه‌ای یا اسکان‌های غیررسمی) نیازمند اقدامات همه‌جانبه برای احیای توسعه و ساماندهی و به تجدید حیات شهری است که از دلائل آن می‌توان به فرسودگی و نارسایی کالبدی، کمبود خدمات و زیرساخت‌های شهری مناسب، شرایط نامطلوب زیست‌محیطی و انواع مسائل اجتماعی- فرهنگی و اقتصادی اشاره کرد. نارسایی بافت فرسوده شامل عرض کم گذر، کمبود تأسیسات زیربنایی یا نبود آن‌ها، تعداد زیاد ساختمان‌های کم‌دوام، ارزش پایین ملک، ناامنی و معضلات اجتماعی- فرهنگی هست. نا مقاوم بودن مصالح ساختمانی و فقر ساکنان بخش‌هایی از بافت فرسوده شهر بوشهر موجب فرسودگی بیشتر کالبد بافت فرسوده این شهر می‌شود. هدف پژوهش، ارائه تسهیلات برای بهسازی و نوسازی و بازسازی بافت این محله است. برای بررسی مسائل مطرح شده، از روش پیمایشی، توصیفی- تحلیلی استفاده‌شده و به‌منظور شناخت ویژگی‌های این بافت و کاربست روش تحلیل عاملی، 100 پرسشنامه توزیع‌شده و شاخص‌ها در قالب پرسشنامه موردسنجش قرارگرفته است و برای تجزیه‌وتحلیل بهتر از نرم‌افزارهای ARC GIS، SPSS استفاده‌شده است. اطلاعات مستخرج از پرسشنامه‌ها در نرم‌افزار SPSS وارد می‌شود و ماتریس اولیه تشکیل می‌شود که از 40 شاخص مطرح‌شده در پرسشنامه تنها 11 عامل آن به‌عنوان عامل اصلی مطرح‌شده است که از میان 11 عامل، عامل اول با واریانس 26.970 از واریانس 68.932 مؤثرترین عامل محسوب می‌شود و عامل 11 به‌عنوان عامل کم‌اهمیت‌تر با 2.852 از واریانس کل محسوب می‌شود. نتایج این پژوهش نشان می‌دهد که تاکنون طرح نوسازی و بهسازی در بافت فرسوده شهر در برخی مناطق اجرایی شده است و در سایر مناطق به علت شرایط اقتصادی ساکنین و عدم بهره‌برداری صحیح از زمین‌های بایر طرح تاکنون اجرانشده است. تحلیل‌های نهایی در این پژوهش، بـه راهکارها و پیشنهاد‌های رهگشـا برای اصلاح و بهبود بافت فرسوده‌ی شهری در محله جفره شهر بوشهر منجر شده که در متن مقاله به‌تفصیل آمده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

بافت فرسوده؛ تحلیل فضایی-کالبدی؛ بهسازی و نوسازی؛ محله جفره بندر بوشهر

عنوان مقاله [English]

The analysis on the physical structure – spatial of urban decay of Bander Bushehr(case study: jofre sector of Bandar Bushehr)

نویسندگان [English]

Sayyed nouroddin Amiri¹؛ Mahsa Dehghanian²

¹member of faculty art and Architecture. persian gulf university . Bushehr Iran

²Master Student of Regional Planning, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran

چکیده [English]

and "appearance" of a city or a "phenomenon" which, to date, is more and more likely to cause problems. , Have been affected by it. Sometimes in dealing with a phenomenon, and sometimes in comparison, it can be seen as erosion, weakness, and reduced efficiency. which can be due to physical deterioration, lack of proper urban services, and infrastructure, and unfavorable conditions. He mentioned environmental and various socio-cultural and economic issues. Worn-out tissue failure includes low width, lack or absence of infrastructure, a large number of durable buildings, low property values, insecurity, and socio-cultural problems. The instability of construction materials and the poverty of the residents of parts of the worn-out texture of Bushehr city cause more wear and tear on the worn-out texture of this city. The purpose of the research is to provide facilities for improvement, renovation, and reconstruction of the texture of this neighborhood. To investigate the issues, a descriptive-analytical survey method was used, and to identify the characteristics of this context and apply the factor analysis method, 100 questionnaires were distributed and the indicators were assessed in the form of a questionnaire. The information extracted from the questionnaires is entered in SPSS and ARC GIS software and the initial matrix is formed. Of the 40 indicators mentioned in the questionnaire, only 11 factors are considered the main factor. 11 is considered the least important factor with 2.852 of the total variance. The results of this study show that so far the plan of renovation and improvement in the dilapidated fabric of the city has been implemented in some areas and other areas due to the economic conditions of residents and the lack of proper use of barren lands have not been implemented so far. The final analysis in this study has led to solutions and suggestions for repairing and improving the worn-out urban fabric in the Jofre neighborhood of Bushehr, which is detailed in the text of the article.
 
Extended Abstract
 
 
Introduction
 
Urban contexts of various types (historical, dilapidated, marginal, or informal settlements) are in dire need of comprehensive measures to revitalize development and reorganization, in other words, urban regeneration, which can be attributed to physical deterioration, lack of proper urban services and infrastructure. Pointed out the unfavorable environmental conditions and various socio-cultural and economic issues. Deficient tissue failure includes low width, lack or absence of infrastructure, a large number of durable buildings, low property value, insecurity, and socio-cultural problems. The instability of construction materials and the poverty of the residents of parts of the worn-out fabric of Bushehr city cause more wear and tear on the worn-out fabric of this city.
It is necessary to pay attention to the worn-out structures, including the worn-out tissue of Bushehr city because the worn-out tissue and the old tissue of the city are the main ammunition and foundation of the cities of Iran and Bushehr. And if this urban fabric is left to its own devices, an unfavorable future can be imagined for it, and to improve people's lives, it is better to organize the worn-out fabric of Bushehr city. And the space of the worn texture of Bushehr is considered and with the physical organization of the space, the visual pleasure of the texture of Bushehr rises and people tend to live in this texture.
One of the cities in Iran that suffers from the problems caused by worn-out structures is the city of Bushehr, which over time has adopted worn-out neighborhoods. Today, there are several large dilapidated neighborhoods in this city. In this study, the Jafre neighborhood, which is considered a dilapidated area of ​​this city, has been studied. The sub-objectives of this research are to improve the physical and cultural situation of this neighborhood and in line with that, access, services, infrastructure, safety a, and security will be improved, social life movements will be created in this neighborhood, economic activities will be efficient and finally, the main goal Providing facilities for improvement, renovation, and reconstruction of the texture of this neighborhood.
Accordingly, the research question is to identify the effective factor and index that is causing the erosion of the worn minute e of Jafre neighborhood of Bushehr city. 100 people living in that neighborhood, the hypotheses are rejected or proved that those hypotheses include these two cases: 1- It seems that the effective factor in the erosion of Bushehr is the poverty of the residents and the inefficiency of the economic and social situation of the residents. 2- It seems that due to the worn texture in different parts of Bushehr city and their heterogeneity, there should be a combination of methods of organizing, recrea, tin,g animprovementng. For the revitalization of the Jafra neighborhood of Bushehr.
 
Methodology
This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of method. To collect the required information and data, documentary studies, as well as field studies such as questionnaires, have been used and the analyzes have been performed using heuristic factor analysis and multivariate linear regression. Factor analysis is a method for analyzing urban issues thalamus to purify data and turn it into key factors; Provided that the original data is not lost (Zabrdast, 2007).
Of all the questions in the questionnaire, 2 questions were designed as open and the rest as closed (Likert, five-choice, and multiple-choice). The validity test used in this study is content validity. In such a way the questionnaires were given to the professors to be tested face and content. Also, the opinions and suggestions of urban planning students were used. Then, corrections and adjustments were made according to their opinions and suggestions. As a result, some questions of the questionnaire were corrected, deleted, and added.
The statistical population in this study is the residents of the Jafre neighborhood of the worn-out tissue of Bushehr city. The sampling method was also using Cochran's formula. The questionnaires were delivered in absentia through social networks to the residents of the Jafre neighborhood and the same one hundred returned. Analytical methods and models and SPSS and EXCEL software, as well as ARC MAP software, were used to analyze the information.
 
Results and discussion
In this study, to apply the factor analysis method, the indicators have been assessed in the form of a questionnaire. After extracting information from the questionnaires and entering them into SPSinto, the initial information matrix was formed, of which out of forty indicators in the questionnaire, only 11 factors have been proposed as the main factor. According to this analysis, none of the numbers in the subscription matrix was less than 0.4, which means that all the indicators have a significant relationship with the subject, which increases the explanatory power of the model.
Conclusion
- In the factor analysis of the questionnaire, 11 factors are considered, and as shown in Tables four and 5, and 6, the most effective factors are related to the social status of the residents of the  Jofre neighborhood and the first assumption is related to the poverty of the residents because all effective and acceptable factors are accepted. In analysis, it is a factor related to social homogeneity and so on.
- As can be seen in the factor analysis, various factors in this neighborhood face shortcomings, so according to the second hypothesis, a combination of methods of organizing, recreation, and imimprovementFor for the revitalization of the Jafre neighborhood of Bushehr city, whips are discussed below.
- Despite the renovation and improvement plan that has been done for the dilapidated structures of Bushehr city, these plans have not been implemented and have remained only within the plan and so far only a small part of it has been implemented and in some areas due to economic conditions Due to the lack of optimal capital, these parts have remained without the implementation of the improvement and renovation plan.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

Worn Tissue, Physical Spatial Analysis, Improvement and Renovation, Jofre Sector of Bandar Bushehr

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