مطالعه سکونتگاه‌های غیر رسمی با رویکرد زیست‌پذیری (مطالعه موردی: سکونتگاه‌های غیر رسمی ساری)

فصلنامه علمی و پژوهشی پژوهش و برنامه ریزی شهری

دوره 15، شماره 57، شهریور 1403، صفحه 17-26   

نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.30495/jupm.2022.30355.4182

نویسندگان

صدیقه لطفی^{* 1}؛ کبری آقاجانی²؛ رحیم بردی آنامرادنژاد³

¹استاد جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی شهری، دانشکده علوم انسانی و اجتماعی، دانشگاه مازندران، بابلسر، ایران.

²کارشناس ارشد جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی شهری ، دانشکده علوم انسانی و اجتماعی، دانشگاه مازندران، بابلسر، ایران

³دانشیار جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی شهری، دانشکده علوم انسانی و اجتماعی، دانشگاه مازندران، بابلسر، ایران.

تاریخ دریافت: 09 اردیبهشت 1401،  تاریخ بازنگری: 12 شهریور 1401،  تاریخ پذیرش: 13 شهریور 1401 

چکیده

زیست پذیری شهری یک مفهوم چند وجهی است که با بسیاری از حوزه های محیط زندگی در مناطق شهری مرتبط است. زیست پذیری مفهومی است که شرایط موجود مناطق خاص یک شهر را در رابطه با آنچه باید باشد و هم‏اکنون هست، توصیف می‏کند. هر چند مطالعات گذشته درک بهتری از ارزیابی و تأثیرگذاری عوامل کیفیت محیط شهری را فراهم کرده اند. با این حال، این مطالعات خلاء هایی در ابعاد، روش شناسی و سطح مورد مطالعه دارند. لذا مطالعه‌ی موجود با هدف سنجش سطح زیست پذیری سکونتگاههای غیررسمی (مهدی آباد، غفاری، سرو بنه باغ و ترک محله) در شهر ساری، سعی در تحلیل وضعیت زیست پذیری و شناسایی عوامل موثر بر آمده است. بنابراین تحقیق حاضر، بر پایه روش میدانی با هدف کاربردی به صورت توصیفی- تحلیلی تدوین شده است. برای تجزیه و تحلیل اطلاعات از نرم‌افزار SPSS و AMOS استفاده شده است. تعداد 375 پرسشنامه با توجه به فرمول کوکران در سطح محلات توزیع گردید. نتایج بیانگرآن است که؛ سطح زیست پذیری محلات در وضعیت نا مطلوبی قرار دارند و محلات با مشکلات متعددی مواجه هستند. همچنین طبق مدل یابی معادلات ساختاری؛ معیارهای اقتصادی (69/0)، کالبدی (64/0)، زیست محیطی (54/0)، اجتماعی (24/0)، به ترتیب با بیشترین بار عاملی، موثرترین عوامل بر میزان زیست پذیری تلقی می شوند. بنابراین مهمترین شاخص های موثر بر زیست پذیری در جهت بهبود این مناطق، معیارهای اقتصادی می‌باشند که ارائه وام های کم بهره به متقاضیان خود اشتغالی برای ساکنین محلات و معافیت های مالیاتی دراز مدت (مالیات بر املاک) برای ساخت مسکن چند خانواری و همچنین معافیت های مالیاتی برای سرمایه گذارانی که علاقمند به سرمایه گذاری در این مناطق برای اشتغال ایجاد نمایند هستند، می تواند تا حدودی مشکلات اقتصادی را کاهش دهد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

زیست پذیری؛ سکونت گاه های غیر رسمی؛ زیست پذیری شهری؛ شهر ساری

عنوان مقاله [English]

Studying informal settlements with livability approach (Case study: Sari informal settlements)

نویسندگان [English]

Sedigheh Lotfi¹؛ Kobra Aghajani²؛ Rahimberdi Annamoradnejad³

¹Professor of Geography and Urban Planning, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran.

²Master of Geography and Urban Planning, Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran.

³Associate Professor of Geography and Urban Planning, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran.

چکیده [English]

Urban livability is a multifaceted concept that is related to many areas of the living environment in urban areas. Although past studies have provided a better understanding of the evaluation and influence of urban environment quality factors. However, these studies have gaps in the dimensions, methodology and level of study. Therefore, with the aim of measuring the level of livability of informal settlements (Mehdi Abad, Ghafari, Saro Baneh Bagh and Turk Mahalle) in the city of Sari. The present study tried to analyze the livability status and identify the effective factors. Therefore, the methodology of the research is based descriptive-analytical approaches and the data were collected by conducting a field work to complete the given questionnaires which obtained via Cochran. To analysis the data SPSS and AMOS were used. The results showed that the livability level of the neighborhoods is in inappropriate situation and the informal settlements are facing many problems. Also, according to structural equation modeling; Economic (0.69), physical (0.64), environmental (0.54), and social (0.24) criteria are considered the most effective factors on livability, respectively, with the highest factor value. Therefore, the most important indicators affecting livability in order to improve the livability of informal settlements are economic criteria. So, providing low-interest loans to self-employed applicants for residents and long-term tax exemptions (property tax) for building multi-family housing, as well as tax exemptions for the investors who are interested to invest in these areas to create jobs can reduce economic problems to some extent.So, providing low-interest loans to self-employed applicants for residents and long-term tax exemptions (property tax) for building multi-family housing, as well as tax exemptions for the investors who are interested to invest in these areas to create jobs can reduce economic problems to some extent.
 
Extended Abstract
 
 
Introduction
Currently, the phenomenon of informal settlement is one of the most important problems of cities and to some extent small and intermediate cities. These settlements, which are considered as an integral part of the urban environment, have been considered as a challenge to sustainable urban development and have always been involved in various issues since its formation. In other words, due to the reproduction of poverty and its spread and endangering the environment, these types of settlements are a serious threat to the stability and cohesion of urban society, which requires special measures to organize and improve the current situation and prevent its spread in the future. According to the different urban concepts of livability, no agreement has been reached regarding the measurement of urban livability to date Several studies have chosen objective indicators and developed their own evaluation framework to assess livability. For example, a comprehensive index system to evaluate the quality of the living environment in urban areas of the United States, which index system included the following aspects: cultural space, housing, employment, crime, transportation and education. Some studies pay attention to residents' satisfaction with urban livability from a subjective perspective. Assessing residential satisfaction are the two main aspects of existing studies, while social surveys or questionnaires are common research methods. Residential satisfaction is a complex and comprehensive process and various factors such as residents' background, housing quality, public facilities or infrastructure have a significant impact. The city of Sari is also widely faced with the problem of informal settlements, where the fungal growth of these areas has continued, so that the physical geography of the city has undergone severe heterogeneity and anomalies. On the one hand, it can be considered as a threat to the urban system, and on the other hand, it can bring many issues and problems to the residents of these areas.
 
Methodology
The methodology of the research is based on descriptive-analytical approaches and the data were collected by conducting a field work to complete the given questionnaires which obtained via Cochran model. The present study tried to analyze the livability status and identify the effective factors. Also, SPSS and AMOS were used to analysis the data. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to check the normality or non-normality of the data in this research. The significance level is less than 0.05, so non-parametric tests should be used. Kruskal-Wallis test is a non-parametric test that shows the rank difference of three or more independent groups. In other words, it is used to compare two or more groups in terms of a feature. This test was chosen and used to check the level of significant difference in the economic criteria. Structural equation models can be analyzed using Amos software. By using this technique, it is possible to examine and analyze all kinds of conceptual models of different researches. Therefore, structural equation model was used in the current research to determine the factors affecting livability.
 
Results and discussion
Based on the results of the job structure of the respondents in the informal settlements of Sari showed that the highest percentage of employment is related to workers and farmers and the lowest percentage of employment is related to government jobs. However, only 14.4% are private and government employees. Considering the job structure of the marginalized areas, it can be concluded that the residents of these settlements often lack the education or professional ability and job skills necessary to obtain better job opportunities. Unemployment is seen in abundance in these areas (the highest unemployment rate has been reported in the neighborhood). Also, due to the lack of expertise and low level of education of job seekers, it is always intensified in these areas and has become a factor in causing all kinds of injuries and social deviations in these areas. based on structural equation modeling, the results show that; economic criteria have the greatest impact on improving the living conditions of neighborhood residents compared to the other three criteria.
 
Conclusion
Since many residents of area are from the lower classes of society and are at a low-income level and are the basis of many social problems. The most important issue that should be considered in order to live in informal settlements is that the planners and managers should have a precise understanding of the issue in taking appropriate measures in this regard. Therefore, a systematic and integrated approach in urban management of Sari city is a prerequisite for improving living standards in informal neighborhoods. The most important indicators affecting livability in order to improve the livability of informal settlements are economic criteria. So, providing low-interest loans to self-employed applicants for residents and long-term tax exemptions (property tax) for building multi-family housing, as well as tax exemptions for the investors who are interested to invest in these areas to create jobs can reduce economic problems to some extent. Increasing technical and professional skills by holding workshops at the local level. Also, preventing the destruction and forced dispersion of these communities as studies revealed that it is the most unscientific policies to deal with the phenomenon of informal settlement. In fact, informal settlements are an outcome of mismanagement and inefficient planning. Considering the social and physical factors, the following steps seem to be useful for improving the condition of official settlements: Improving the sewerage system, basic disposal of surface water and regular and basic waste collection at the neighborhood level. facilitating access to public transport at the neighborhood level. Improving and maintaining the existing security with an emphasis on the social supervision of the residents.
 
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

Livability, informal settlements, urban livability, Sari city

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