طراحی و آزمون الگوی مناسب مسکن اجتماعی؛ مبتنی بر نظریه"حق به شهر" (مطالعه موردی شهر شیراز)

فصلنامه علمی و پژوهشی پژوهش و برنامه ریزی شهری

مقاله 13، دوره 13، شماره 50، آذر 1401، صفحه 193-210   

نوع مقاله: مقاله برگرفته از پایان نامه

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.30495/jupm.2022.29295.4042

نویسندگان

پریسا فرشید فر¹؛ مجید رحیمی^{* 1}؛ نوید سعیدی رضوانی²

¹گروه شهرسازی، واحد بین المللی کیش، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، جزیره کیش، ایران.

²استادیار گروه مهندسی شهرسازی، واحد قزوین، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی ، قزوین، ایران.

تاریخ دریافت: 08 آبان 1400،  تاریخ بازنگری: 29 آذر 1401،  تاریخ پذیرش: 04 دی 1401 

چکیده

مسکن جزء بنیادین ترین نیاز های انسان است اما نباید صرفا از لحاظ کالبدی و به عنوان سرپناهی برای بشر در نظر گرفته شود، این نیاز جایگاهی برای رشد انسان از ابعاد فیزیکی و روحی-روانی است، بنابراین مسکن پس از آنکه نیاز انسان برای پوشش را پاسخ گفت باید پاسخگوی نیاز وی به رشد و تعالی ارزش های انسانی و برقراری ارتباط موثر با جامعه اطراف خود باشد و در عرصه تعاملات اجتماعی هم نیاز های ساکنین را برطرف کند.به همین مظنور تامین مسکن مناسب و استاندارد برای اقشار کم درآمد جزو مهمترین بخش توسعه بخش مسکن در هر جامعه‌ای قلمداد می‌شود، و از قرن نوزدهم به بعد، بخش مسکن یکی از محورهای عمده مداخله دولت-ها در اقتصاد بوده است. خواستگاه چنین تفکری نظریه "حق به شهر" ، است که از میان جنبش های اعتراضی زاده شده است و برای اولین بار توسط جامعه شناس فرانسوی، هانری له فور در سال 1968 به کار گرفته شد و باوری است که شهرها را یک ساختار اجتماعی می دانست که تمام شهروندان نسبت به آن حق دارند.با وجود تلاش هایی در دهه های اخیر مبنی بر تحقق چنین هدفی سیاست هایی چون مسکن مهر در ایران انجام شده است اما نتوانسته در تامین مسکن قابل استطاعت برای اقشار کم درآمد موفق عمل کند.این مقاله می کوشد با مبنا قرار دادن شهر شیراز به عنوان نمونه مورد مطالعه جنبه های کلیدی مسکن اجتماعی را با رویکرد حق به شهر را به شکل مفهومی و تجربی مورد آزمون قرار داد.بنابراین جامعه آماری پژوهش افراد فرودست شهری و نیازمند به مسکن که تعداد نمونه گیری 74 نفر از آنها مورد پرسشگری قرار گرفته اند.روش پژوهش از نوع کمّی و ابزار جمع آوری داده ها از طریق پرسشنامه و برپایه مدل تحلیل معادلات ساختاری و از طریق نرم افزار Amos صورت گرفته است.نتایج پژوهش بیانگر آن است که حق مشارکت شهری،حق تخصیص فضا،دسترسی فضایی،حاکمیت شهری،شمول اجتماعی،تنوع و سرزندگی از مولفه های مناسب مسکن اجتماعی با رویکرد حق به شهر است که مولفه حاکمیت شهری با میزان 478/0 و مولفه شمول اجتماعی با میزان491/0 و مولفه تنوع و سرزندگی با میزان 543/0 بر مسکن اجتماعی تاثیر گذارند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

گروه های کم درآمد؛ مسکن اجتماعی؛ حق به شهر؛ شیراز

عنوان مقاله [English]

Designing and testing an appropriate model; social housing based on the right approach to the city (Case study of Shiraz)

نویسندگان [English]

parisa farshidfar¹؛ majid rahimi¹؛ navid saeidi rezvani²

¹Department of Urban Planning, Kish international Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kish Island, Iran.

²Assistant Professor of Urban Planning, Qazvin Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qazvin, Iran.

چکیده [English]

Housing is one of the most basic human needs, but it should not be considered only physically and as a shelter for human beings. This need is a place for human growth in physical and mental dimensions, so housing after the human need for cover He replied that he should meet his need for the growth and excellence of human values and establish effective communication with the community around him, and in the field of social interactions, meet the needs of residents. The development of the housing sector is considered in every society, and since the nineteenth century, the housing sector has been one of the major axes of government intervention in the economy. The origin of such thinking is the theory of "right to the city", which was born from the protest movements and was first used by the French sociologist Henri Lefort in 1968 and is believed to consider cities as a social structure. Despite the efforts made in recent decades to achieve such a goal, policies such as Mehr Housing have been implemented in Iran, but it has not been able to provide affordable housing for the low-income groups. Based on the city of Shiraz as a study sample, he tried to test the key aspects of social housing with the right approach to the city in a conceptual and experimental way. Some of them have been interviewed. The research method is quantitative and data collection tools have been done through a questionnaire and based on structural equation analysis model and through Amos software. The results of the research indicate that the right to urban participation is the right. Space allocation, spatial access, urban governance, social inclusion, diversity and vitality are the main components of the model. He is suitable for social housing with the right approach to the city that the component of urban governance with a rate of 0.478, the component of social inclusion with a rate of 0.491 and the component of diversity and vitality with a rate of 0.543 affect social housing.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

Low-income groups, social housing, right to the city, Shiraz

مراجع

1. Baldock, Robert. (1999), Destination to Z, the History of the Future, New York: John Wiley and Sons.
2. Balihar Sanghera&Elmira Satybaldieva (2021) The Right to the City: The Land and Housing Movements Rentier Capitalism and Its Discontents pp 149-183.
3. Barry, Brian. (1989). Theorie of Justice. London, Harrester Wheatsheaf.
4. Boer, R. W. J., and Vries, J. De., 2009, The Right to the City as a Tool for Urban Social Movements: The Case of Barceloneta, In the 4th International Conference of the International Forum on Urbanism, PP. 1321–1330.
5. Brown, A., & Kristiansen, A. (2009), Urban Policies and the Right to the City; Rights, responsibilities and citizenship. UN-HABITAT and UNESCO.
6. Choguilla, C (2007), The search for policies to support sustanable housing, Habitat International 31: 143-149.
7. FOREN (2005). “A Practical Guide to Regional Foresight”. FOREN Network (Foresight Regional Development Network). European Commission Research Directorate General. STARTA Programme.
8. Gavigan P.James and Fabiana scapolo (2001), Mathing Methods to the Mission: a Comparison of National Foresight Exercise , Foresight vol.1, no.6.
9. Godet, A. J, Meunier, M. F., Roubelat, F, (2003), "Structural analysis with the MICMAC method & actors; strategy with MACTOR method", AC/UNU Millennium project: Futures Research Methodology – V 2, AC/UNU, Washangton DC.
10. Godet, A. J, Meunier, M. F., Roubelat, F, (2003), "Structural analysis with the MICMAC method & actors; strategy with MACTOR method", AC/UNU Millennium project: Futures Research Methodology – V 2, AC/UNU, Washangton DC.
11. Harvey, D. (2008). The Right to the City, New Left Review 53: 23–40.
12. Jackson, Ben. (2005), The Conceps History of Social Justice, Political Studies Review, Vol 3, pp 356.373.
13. Johnston, R.J, (1991), Geography and Geographers, Routledge Champan and Hall.
14. Kathleen Scanlon, Melissa Fernandez arrigoitia and Christine whitehead. (2017)
15. Kathleen Scanlon, Melissa Fernandez Arrigoitia and. (2015). Social housing in Europe. 2.
16. King, Peter & Aldershot, Ashgate (2005). A social philosophy of hosing, Habitat International, vol.29.
17. Lawrence, R.J. (1995), Housing Quality: An Agenda For Research, Urban Studies.
18. Lefebvre, H., 1996, The Urban Revolution, Translated by Robert Bononno, NewYork, University of Minnesota Press.
19. Maliene, A. Malys, N. (2009), High-quality housing – a key issue in delivering sustainable communities, Building and environment .
20. Margherita Grazioli(2021) Housing Squats, Urban Commons, Right to the City, Housing, Urban Commons and the Right to the City in Post-Crisis Rome pp 19-40
21. M (2012), The ‘Right to the City’ in Urban Social Movements, In Neil Brenner, Peter Marcuse, and Margit Mayer (eds), Cities for People, Not for Profit: Critical Urban Theory and the Right to the City. London; New York: Routledge
22. Mitchell, D. (2003). The Right to the City: Social justice and the fight for public space. New York: The Guilford Press.
23. Otegbulu, A. & Adewunmi, Y. (2009), Evaluating the sustainability of urban housing development in Nigeria through innovative infrastructure management, International journal of Housing Markets and Analysis 4: 334-346.
24. M (2001), Urban geography. Routledge.
25. Purcell, M., 2014, Possible Worlds: Henri Lefebvre and the Right to the City, Journal of Urban Affairs, Vol. 36, No. 1, PP. 141–154, https: //doi.org/10.1111/juaf.12034.
26. Rawls, J. (1996), Political Liberalism, with a New Introduction and the Reply to Habermas. New York, Columbia University Press, 1(5). 1-11.
27. Rennie short, J. 2006. Urban Theory A Critical Assessment, Rutledge.
28.  
29. Smith, D.M, (1996), The Qulity of Life, Human Welfare and Social Justice in Companion Encyclopedia of Geography, V. 70, N.2, p787.
30. Tsou and Row, Hung yu-ting and chang yao-lin, (2005), An accessibility –based integrated measure of relative spatial equity in urban public facilities, Cities, 22 (6), p 424-435.
31. Van der Helm, R. (2005), The Future According to Frederik Lodewijik Polak: Finding the roots of contemporary futures studies, Futures, vol. 37, No. 6.
32. Weimer-Jehle, Wolfang, 2006, Cross-impact balances, Applying pair interaction system and multi-value Kauffman nets to multidisciplinary system analysis, science direct, Phisica A.
33. Westaway, Margaret S. (2006). A Longitudinal Investigation of Satisfaction with Personal and Environmental Quality of Life in an Informal South African Housing Settlement, Doorknob, Soweto. Habitat International, vol.30: pp 175–189.
34. Zainal, Nor Rashidah, Kaur, Gurmit, ArisahAhmad, Nor & Khalili, Jamaliah Mhd ; Housing Conditions and Quality of Life of the Urban Poor in Malaysia, Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 50 ( 2012 ) 827 – 838.
35. Ismailpour, Najma;Zare Roudbizani, Maleeha and Nasiriyan, Zohra (2016).Review and analysis of urban housing policies in East and Southeast Asian countries.Construction Engineering and Housing Sciences, 11th Volume, Number 21, Winter 2016, pp. 19-33. (In Persian)
36. Ishtiaghi, Masoumeh and Sharapour, Mahmoud (2019) Investigating the concept of the right to the city in urban policy making, quarterly sustainable urban and regional development studies, period 1, number 2 - serial number 2, winter 2019, pages 67-84. (In Persian)
37. Statistics of the Central Bank of Iran, Housing Economy Bulletin 2018. (In Persian)
38. Tavakoli, Jamila;Zarghami, Saeed;Pathology of the fifth and sixth programs of economic, social and cultural development of the country in the field of providing housing for low-income urban groups, Quarterly Journal of Urban Structural and Functional Studies.(2017). 47-82. (In Persian)
39. Habibi Seyed Mohsen, Amiri Maryam (2014) The right to the city;The existing city and the desired city, what is and what should be, Iran Anthropological Research Quarterly (Social Sciences Journal) Fall and Winter 2014, Volume 5, Number 2;From page 9 to page 30. (In Persian)
40. Darkesh, Mohammad and Sterki, Sara (2019) Pathology of urban plans from the perspective of the right to the city (case example: Nawab's urban plan - expansion of the subway in Briyank neighborhood) Journal of Sociology of Culture and Art, second period, autumn 2019, number 3 (In Persian)
41. Dostundi, Milad, under the guidance of Irandoost, Kiyomarth (2015) The right to the city and the problematic of the formation of spontaneous urban settlements, University of Kurdistan, Faculty of Art and Architecture. (In Persian)
42. Rafiyan, Mojtabi, Elwandipour, Nina (2014) Conceptualization of the idea of the right to the city;In search of a conceptual model, Iranian Sociology Quarterly, 2016 Summer 1394 Number 2. (In Persian)
43. Laden, Laden and Sharapour, Mahmoud (2013) Gender and the right to the city: testing Lefebvre's theory in Tehran, Iranian Sociology Quarterly, 15th year, spring 2013, number 10 (In Persian)
44. Ziari, Samia;Farhoudi, Rahmatullah;Pour Ahmad, Ahmed and Hataminejad, Hossein.The pattern of providing housing for low-income groups (case study: Karaj city), human geography research, period 49, winter 2016. (In Persian)
45. Comprehensive housing plan (1393-1405), summary of the consolidation document, Ministry of Roads and Urban Development, 1394. (In Persian)
46. Aladdini, Pooya and Jamshidi Nasab, Maryam (2014) Mehr wa Haq Housing in New Congregations City: A Case Study of Parand Project, Local Development Quarterly, Volume 7, Number 2 - Serial Number 13 Fall and Winter Pages 258-241. (In Persian)
47. Maliki, Mehsa (1400) Comparative study of social housing experiences in Iran and other countries, Architectural Quarterly, fourth year, spring 1400, number 18.(In Persian)
48. Mohammadi De Cheshme (2016).Evaluation of the government's housing provision policies for low-income urban groups (Saman city), Geography Scientific-Research Quarterly (Regional Planning), Year 8, Number 2, Spring 2017. pp. 277-291. (In Persian)
49. Madah, Homa and Roshanfekr, Payam (2014) The right to the city from thought to action, Haft Shahr Quarterly, Volume 4, No. 49 and 50, Summer 2014, Pages 58-73. (In Persian)
50. Maroufi Hossein, Vahidi Borji Goldis (2014) Space and Realization of Urban Right: Identification of spatial components arising from Urban Right in order to analyze and evaluate Nawab project in Tehran and La Défense in Paris, Urban Studies Quarterly, Fall 2014, Volume 4, number 16;From page 5 to page 14. (In Persian)
51. Malik Afzali Ali Asghar and Qasim Sharifi, Taghi (2018) in an article entitled "Evaluation of the satisfaction of Mehr housing based on the indicators and principles of social housing (case study: Shahr Jadid Parand, Shahr Jadid Pardis)" Geography and Development of Human Relations Quarterly, Volume 2, Number 1 -Serial number 5, page 72-94.