بررسی وضعیت کمی منابع آب زیرزمینی دشت کاشان، چشم‌انداز و ارائه راه‌کارهای مناسب

فصلنامه علمی مهندسی منابع آب

دوره 15، شماره 55، بهمن 1401، صفحه 53-74   

نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.30495/wej.2023.27982.2313

نویسندگان

حسین خراسانی زاده¹؛ هدی قاسمیه^{* 2}؛ مهدی سلیمانی مطلق³؛ محمد میرزاوند⁴

¹استاد مهندسی مکانیک- حرارت و سیالات، دانشکده مهندسی مکانیک، دانشگاه کاشان، کاشان، ایران .

²دانشیار مهندسی طبیعت، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و علوم زمین، دانشگاه کاشان، کاشان، ایران.

³استادیار مرتع و آبخیزداری، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه لرستان، خرم‌آباد، ایران.

⁴دانش‌آموخته دکتری رشته علوم و مهندسی آبخیزداری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و علوم زمین، کاشان، ایران.

تاریخ دریافت: 17 اردیبهشت 1400،  تاریخ بازنگری: 05 مرداد 1400،  تاریخ پذیرش: 30 بهمن 1401 

چکیده

چکیده
مقدمه: در این تحقیق، وضعیت کمی منابع آب زیرزمینی دشت کاشان و چشم­انداز آن در آینده با تأکید بر شرب و بهداشت بررسی شده است.
روش­: برای این منظور، با استفاده از رابطه بیلان آب زیرزمینی، اجزای بیلان و تغییرات حجم ذخیره آبخوان در سال آبی 97-1396 محاسبه شد.
یافته­ها: نتایج نشان داد که حجم ذخیره آبخوان در این سال بیش از 35 میلیون مترمکعب کاهش یافته و میانگین وزنی کاهش تراز سطح آب، 44/0 متر بوده است. همچنین نتایج تجزیه و تحلیل مؤلفه­های بیلان نشان داد که مجموع بهره‌برداری از آبخوان دشت کاشان در این سال، معادل 17/317 میلیون مترمکعب بوده که مجموع سهم کشاورزی، فضای سبز، دام و طیور و نیز تبخیر از استخرهای پرورش ماهی، 85/278 میلیون مترمکعب (حدود 88 درصد از کل برداشت‌ها) به­دست آمد. سهم بهره‌برداری در بخش‌های شرب، صنعت، تجاری، عمومی و خدمات نیز مجموعاً معادل 32/38 میلیون مترمکعب به­دست آمد. محاسبات بیلان نشان داد که کل تخلیه از طریق مرزهای خروجی آبخوان، 87/34 میلیون مترمکعب بوده است. نتایج سناریوهای به­کار رفته در تحقیق نیز نشان داد که اگر روند کنونی بهره­برداری از آب زیرزمینی ادامه پیدا کند، افق 5 ساله آبخوان (1397-1402) بدتر خواهد شد و بیشترین افت در نواحی غربی به­دلیل تمرکز بیشتر چاه‌های بهره‌برداری کشاورزی، شرب و صنعت روی خواهد داد.
نتیجه­گیری: با توجه به یافته­های به­دست آمده، چندین راه­کار برای تقلیل روند افت آبخوان شامل کاهش و یا حذف کامل سطح زیرکشت محصولات، کاهش نیاز ناخالص آبیاری، ذخیره‌سازی یا نفوذ دادن بخشی از رواناب حاصل از ارتفاعات بالادست و احداث سد زیرزمینی پیشنهاد شد.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها

آبخوان دشت کاشان؛ بیلان آب زیرزمینی؛ تغذیه؛ سد زیرزمینی

عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigating Quantitative Status of Groundwater Resources in Kashan Plain, Perspective and Providing Appropriate Solutions

نویسندگان [English]

Hossein Khorasanizadeh¹؛ Hoda Ghasemieh²؛ Mahdi Soleimani Motlagh³؛ Mohammad Mirzavand⁴

¹Prof. of Mechanical Engineering- Heat and Fluids, College of Mechanical Engineering, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran

². Associate Prof. of Nature Engineering, College of Natural Resources and Earth Sciences, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran .

³Assistant Prof. of Rangeland and Watershed Management, College of Agriculture and Natural resources, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Lorestan, Iran.

⁴Former Ph.D. Student of Watershed Management Sciences and Engineering, College of Natural Resources and Earth Sciences, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran.

چکیده [English]

Abstract
Introduction: In this research, the groundwater quantitative status in Kashan plain and its future perspective with emphasis on drinking water and health was investigated.
Methods: For this purpose, water balance components and changes in storage volume of the aquifer were calculated using balance groundwater equation for the hydrological year 2017-2018.
Findings: The results showed that the aquifer storage volume and the weighted groundwater level mean decreased more than 35 MCM and about 0.44 m, respectively. The analysis of the groundwater balance components indicated the total exploitation of Kashan plain aquifer was about 317.17 MCM in year 2017-18. Of this amount close to 88% (278.85 MCM) has been consumed in sectors of agriculture, green space, livestock and poultry, and evaporation from fishponds. The remaining 12 percent (38.32 MCM) has been used in the sectors of drinking, industrial, commercial, and service. In addition, the results of groundwater balance calculations revealed that the total discharge through the aquifer outlet was 34.87 MCM. Furthermore, the results of the scenarios used in the research indicated if the current trend of groundwater exploitation continues, the 5-year horizon of the aquifer (2018-2023) will worsen and the largest decline will occur in the western regions due to the high number of agricultural, drinking, and industrial wells. Therefore, several strategies were proposed to reduce the trend of aquifer decline, including reducing or eliminating the crop with high water requirement, reducing the gross irrigation water requirement, saving or infiltrating part of the runoff from the upper elevations, and constructing underground dam.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

Kashan plain aquifer, Groundwater balance, Recharge, Underground dam

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