ارزیابی وضعیت ، فرآیندها و منابع ژئوشیمیایی آبخوان با استفاده از شاخص کیفیت آب زیرزمینی، روش های گرافیکی و تحلیل های آماری چند متغیره- مطالعه موردی: دشت شبستر

فصلنامه علمی مهندسی منابع آب

مقاله 2، دوره 16، شماره 56، اردیبهشت 1402، صفحه 15-30   

نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.30495/wej.2023.28012.2315

نویسندگان

محمدرضا پاشایی فر¹؛ رضا دهقان زاده²؛ محمد ابراهیم رمضانی^{* 3}؛ امید رفیعیان³؛ آرزو نجایی³

¹دانشجوی دکتری، گروه علوم و مهندسی محیط زیست، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تبریز

²دکتری تخصصی، استاد، گروه بهداشت محیط، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تبریز

³دکتری تخصصی ، استادیار، گروه علوم و مهندسی محیط زیست، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تبریز

تاریخ دریافت: 21 اردیبهشت 1400،  تاریخ بازنگری: 26 آذر 1400،  تاریخ پذیرش: 23 اردیبهشت 1402 

چکیده

چکیده
مقدمه: شناخت صحیح ژئوشیمی آب های زیرزمینی و شناسایی عوامل خطر سیستم آبخوان، برای کنترل و بهبود طرح مدیریت منابع آب زیرزمینی در مناطق خشک و نیمه خشک بسیار مهم است. در تحقیق حاضر، وضعیت ژئوشیمیایی آب های زیرزمینی دشت شبستر در استان آذربایجان شرقی مورد بررسی قرار گرفت.
روش شناسی: در این راستا از داده های نمونه برداری شده در 6 سال آب زیرزمینی از سال 1393 الی 1398 جهت بررسی تغییرات زمانی پارامترهای ژئوشیمیایی چاه های منطقه استفاده شد.  همچنین از داده سال 1398 و با استفاده از شاخص WQI، دیاگرام های پایپر، ویلکاکس و گیبس، وضعیت آب زیرزمینی منطقه بررسی شد.
یافته ها و بحث : نتایج نشان داد که مقادیر سختی کل (TH) در طول 6 سال از مقدار استاندارد سازمان جهانی بهداشت بیشتر است. منطقه مورد مطالعه به جهت کیفیت آب آشامیدنی به لحاظ میانگین در محدوده متوسط قرار گرفت. اکثریت نوع و رخساره کاتیون ها و آنیون ها کلسیک- بی کربناته بوده و تیپ شیمیایی آب از نوع سختی موقت (Ca-Mg-HCO₃) بدست آمد. به لحاظ مصارف کشاورزی وضعیت آب زیرزمینی در حالت شوری کم و یا شور می باشند. کیفیت آب زیرزمینی بر اساس دیاگرام گیبس تحت تأثیر واکنش آب و سنگ می باشد. نتایج آنالیز آماری چند متغیره نشان داد که مهمترین منشا ورود پارامترهای هیدروشیمیایی به آبخوان منطقه، فاضلاب ، کود ها ، پساب کشاورزی و ساختارهای زمین شناسی می باشند.
نتیجه گیری: وضعیت آب زیرزمینی دشت شبستر به جهت مصارف آشامیدنی در وضعیت مناسب و برای مصارف کشاورزی در وضعیت نامطلوب قرار دارد. تاثیر شوری دریاچه ارومیه در منطقه دیده می شود و افزایش پارامترهای ژئوشیمیایی تحت تاثیر فعالیت های انسانی و فعالیت های زمین زاد و دریاچه ارومیه قرار دارند.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها

آب زیرزمینی؛ آب آشامیدنی؛ کیفیت آب؛ تحلیل آماری

عنوان مقاله [English]

Assessment of Status, Processes, and Geochemical Sources of Aquifer Using Water Quality Index, Graphical Approaches, and Multivariate Statistical Analyses- A Case Study: Shabestar Plain

نویسندگان [English]

Mohammadreza Pashaeifar¹؛ Reza Dehghanzadeh²؛ Mohammad Ebrahim Ramazani³؛ Omid Rafieyan³؛ Arezoo Nejaei³

¹Ph.D. Student, Department of Environmental Engineering, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz Branch, Iran.

²Ph.D., Professor, Health and Environment Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.

³Ph.D., Assistant Professor, Department of Environmental Engineering, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz Branch, Iran.

چکیده [English]

Abstract
Introduction: Proper knowledge of groundwater geochemistry and identification of the risk factors for the aquifer system is very important to control and improve the management of groundwater resources in arid and semi-arid regions.
Methods: Sampled data during six years from 2014 to 2019 were used to assess the temporal variation of geochemical parameters of the wells in the study area. Water quality index (WQI), Piper diagram, Wilcox Diagram, and Gibbs Diagram were employed for evaluating the status of groundwater using sampled data in 2019.
Results: The results showed that the total hardness (TH) exceeded the standard value proposed by WHO for six years. The study area is categorized in a moderate range in terms of drinking water quality. Calcic-bicarbonate and temporary hardness (Ca-Mg-HCO3) were obtained as the hydrochemical factor and type of the groundwater in most of the samples, respectively. A little salty and salty water were identified as the status of groundwater quality for agricultural purposes. Rock dominance was also determined as the controlling factor in groundwater of the study area. The results of multivariate statistical analyses indicated that wastewater, fertilizers, agricultural effluents, and geological structures were the most important sources of entering the hydrochemical parameters.
Conclusion: The results of this study indicated that anthropogenic activities, geology structures, and the effects of Urmia lake are the most important factors to the concentration of physicochemical parameters in the groundwater.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

Groundwater, Drinking water, Water quality, Statistical analysis

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