شناسایی چالش‌ها و مسائل پیش روی مدیران مدارس ایران در مقایسه با تجارب جهانی

دوماهنامه علمی - پژوهشی رهیافتی نو در مدیریت آموزشی

مقاله 2، دوره 14، شماره 5 - شماره پیاپی 63، آذر و دی 1402، صفحه 33-20   

نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.30495/jedu.2023.29153.5836

نویسندگان

علیرضا تمدنی؛ رضوان حسینقلی زاده^*

دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

تاریخ دریافت: 18 مهر 1400،  تاریخ بازنگری: 03 دی 1400،  تاریخ پذیرش: 11 دی 1400 

چکیده

هدف اصلی این پژوهش، شناسایی و تحلیل چالش‌های پیش روی مدیران مدارس در پیشبرد رهبری مدرسه با نظر به تجارب نظام‌مند محققان ملی و بین‌المللی و ارائه راهکارهای برون‌رفت از آن چالش‌ها برای مدیران مدارس ایران می باشد.

روش شناسی پژوهش: برای دستیابی به این هدف از روش پژوهش اسنادی از نوع مرور نظام‌مند استفاده شد. درنتیجه جستجو، شناسایی و پالایش داده‌های به‌دست‌آمده درمجموع، 188 مقاله علمی پژوهشی منتشرشده در پایگاه های معتبر علمی داخلی (ایرانداک، مگ ایران، نورمگز، پرتال جامع علوم انسانی، بانک نشریات فارسی، سیویلیکا، کتابخانه مرکزی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد) و خارجی (اسکوپس، وب ساینس، اریک) مورد تحلیل قرارگرفتند. براساس نتایج به دست آمده، 829 چالش و مسئله برای مدیران مدارس در سراسر جهان شناسایی و استخراج شد که در چهار حوزه اصلی زمینه و پیشایندهای شخصی (زمینه‌سازمانی، فرهنگی اجتماعی، ذینفعان و والدین)، نقش‌های مدیریت و رهبری مدرسه، ویژگی‌های سازمان مدرسه (کارکنان و معلمان) و یادگیری دانش آموزان به ترتیب طبقه‌بندی شدند. مهم ترین چالش های مدیران مدارس ایران و سایر کشورهای دارای نظام آموزشی متمرکز شامل بوروکراسی و اختیارات محدود، ابهام در خط‌مشی‌ها و رویه‌های آموزشی، حمایت های دولتی ضعیف، تنش‌ها و تضادهای فکری، بی انگیزگی و مشارکت پایین والدین و اجتماعات محلی، حجم کاری بالای مدیران و معلمان، و ضعف در یادگیری و پیشرفت تحصیلی دانش آموزان بود. همچنین مهم ترین چالش های مدیران مدارس ایران بعنوان کشوری در حال توسعه و کشورهای توسعه یافته مشترکا شامل تدوین مداوم برنامه ها و سیاست های جدید آموزشی، تفاوت های بین فرهنگ بومی و ملی، توسعه حرفه ای ضعیف مدیران، معلمان، وکارکنان آموزشی، عملکرد پایین و روابط کاری ضعیف آنان، و انتظارات عملکرد بالا از دانش آموزان شناسایی شد. به‌طورکلی، بیشترین چالش‌ها مربوط به ضعف در توسعه حرفه‌ای مدیران در ایران و سایر کشورهای در حال توسعه بعلاوه کشورهای توسعه یافته در حوزه نقش‌های مدیریت و رهبری مدرسه بود که از مجموع راه حل های مقابله با مسائل شناسایی شده در این حوزه، به نظر می رسد هدف و محتوای برنامه‌های توسعه حرفه‌ای مدیران مدارس می بایست در جهت توسعه ظرفیت‌های شناختی و مهارتی مدیران مانند هدفگذاری، حل مسئله و نظارت بر یادگیری دانش آموزان هدایت شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

رهبری مدرسه؛ چالش‌ها و مسائل مدیران مدارس؛ راه‌حل‌های مقابله با چالش‌ها و مسائل؛ مرور نظام‌مند

عنوان مقاله [English]

Identifying the challenges and problems of Iranian school principals in comparing with global experiences

نویسندگان [English]

َAlireza Tamadoni؛

FUM

چکیده [English]

Background and Aim: The main purpose of this study is to identify and analyze the challenges facing school principals in school leadership with regard to the systematic experiences of researchers at the national and international levels and to provide solutions to those challenges for Iranian school principals.

Methodology: To achieve the goal, the documentary research method of systematic review was used. As a result of searching, identifying and refining the obtained data, a total of 188 scientific research studies published in prestigious Iranian scientific journals (IranDoc, MagIran, Noormags, Human Sciences Portal, Persian Journal Bank, Civilica, Central Library of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad) and foreign publications (Scopus, Web of Science, Eric) were analyzed.

Results: The overall result of this study was the identification of 829 challenges and problems of school principals around the world categorized based on the conceptual framework of the research in four main domains of contextual and personal antecedents, principals' roles and actions, school organization characteristics, and student performance.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

School leadership, Challenges and problems of school principals, Solutions to the challenges and problems, Systematic review

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