طراحی برنامه درسی مبتنی بر جستجوی رفتار شغلی در هنرستان‌های فنی و حرفه‌ای

دوماهنامه علمی - پژوهشی رهیافتی نو در مدیریت آموزشی

مقاله 12، دوره 14، شماره 4 - شماره پیاپی 62، مهر و آبان 1402، صفحه 183-173   

نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.30495/jedu.2023.26642.5344

نویسندگان

صادق نوروز مصرمی¹؛ مختار رنجبر^{* 2}؛ عباس قلتاش³

¹دانشجوی دکتری برنامه ریزی درسی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد لامرد، لامرد، ایران.

²استادیار گروه مدیریت، واحد لامرد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی لامرد، لامرد، ایران.

³دانشیار گروه علوم تربیتی، واحد مرودشت، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی مرودشت، مرودشت، ایران.

تاریخ دریافت: 13 آذر 1399،  تاریخ بازنگری: 15 آذر 1402،  تاریخ پذیرش: 20 آبان 1401 

چکیده

مقدمه و هدف: آماده­سازی جوانان برای اشتغال، همواره یکی از اهداف نظام آموزش عالی بوده است که در عصر کنونی شاید بتوان گفت مهم‌ترین هدف آن نیز محسوب می­شود. با افزایش نرخ بیکاری دانش آموختگان هنرستان‌های فنی و حرفه­ای، برخی از مسوولان و متخصصان سعی کرده اند با اتخاذ تدابیری، برنامه­های درسی را با مقتضیات جامعه و دنیای کار پیوند دهند. هدف از این پژوهش طراحی برنامه درسی مبتنی بر جستجوی رفتار شغلی کارآفرین در هنرستان­های فنی و حرفه­ای است.
روش‌شناسی پژوهش: رویکرد کلی پژوهش، آمیخته (کیفی-کمی) با طرح اکتشافی بود. این پژوهش از نظر هدف کاربردی؛ از نظر روش جمع­آوری داده­ها ترکیبی و از نظر نوع داده تحقیق، در بخش کیفی، مطالعه نظری و تحلیل به شیوه محتوای قیاسی است و در بخش کمی، پژوهش از نوع توصیفی پیمایشی و با ابزار پرسشنامه و بهره‌گیری از روش‌های آماری است. جامعۀ آماری پژوهش، شامل خبرگان و کارشناسان آموزش فنی و حرفه­ای هنرستان­های آموزش‌ و پرورش در استان بوشهر بود که با توجه به اصل اشباع، تعداد 47 نفر انتخاب شدند. در این پژوهش، متناسب با سوالات و اهداف تحقیق، پرسشنامه بسته پاسخ با 53 سوال 5 گزینه‌ای براساس طیف لیکرت تدوین گردید. به ­منظور تعیین روایی پرسشنامه­ از روایی محتوایی و سازه استفاده شد و پایایی پرسشنامه با احتساب ضریب آلفای کرونباخ 04/96 و پایایی ترکیبی محاسبه شد که مورد تایید قرار گرفتند. روش تحلیل داده­ها در بخش کیفی کدگذاری نظری برگرفته از مفاهیم و مبانی تحقیق بود. جهت تنظیم مدل از روش تحلیل محتوای قیاسی استفاده شده است. در سطح دوم جهت اعتباربخشی الگوی طراحی شده از روش آماری تحلیل عاملی استفاده شد.
یافته­ ها: مدل طراحی شده از نظر شاخص‏های تعیین شده دارای برازش مناسبی است به عبارت دیگر داده‏های گردآوری شده حمایت کننده مدلی است که به لحاظ نظری تدوین شده است. قابلیت اعتماد و اعتبار درونی مدل به میزان استحکام روابط میان متغیرها یا میزان همبستگی و بارگذاری­های عاملی میان آن‌ها وابسته است.
بحث و نتیجه­ گیری: نتایج حاصل از پژوهش نشان داد از آن جا که رفتار جستجوی شغلی، نقطه سوق آموزش­های کشورهای موفق در زمینه برنامه­ های درسی فنی و حرفه­ای است، طراحی الگوی رفتار شغلی در آینده از ضروریات آموزش‌های مهارتی فنی و حرفه‌ای است. فقدان مدل اعتباربخش آموزش‌های فنی و حرفه‌ای، سهل انگاری در تخصیص سهم آموزش‌های مهارتی در نظام آموزشی و فقدان مهارت‌های لازم در دانش‌آموختگان مراکز فنی و حرفه­ای، مهم‌ترین چالش‌های پیش‌روی این حوزه است.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها

طراحی برنامه درسی؛ جستجوی رفتار شغلی؛ آموزش کارآفرینی

عنوان مقاله [English]

Design of a curriculum based on the job search behavior at the technical and vocational school

نویسندگان [English]

Sadegh Norooz Masarmi¹؛ Mokhtar Ranjbar²؛ Abbas Gholtash³

¹Ph.D. Student in Curriculum Planning, Islamic Azad University, Lamerd Branch, Lamerd, Iran

²Assistant Professor, Department of Management, Lamerd Branch, Lamerd Islamic Azad University, Lamerd, Iran.

³Associate Professor, Department of Educational Sciences, Marvdasht Branch, Islamic Azad University of Marvdasht, Marvdasht, Iran

چکیده [English]

Introduction: Preparing young people for employment has always been a member of the higher education system, which is perhaps the most important goal in the current era. With the rising unemployment rate of technical and vocational arts graduates, some officials and professionals have tried to take measures to curricula the community and the world of transplant work. The purpose of this study is to design and validate a curriculum based on the search for entrepreneurial job behavior in technical and vocational education.
research methodology: The general approach of the research was mixed (qualitative-quantitative) with the exploratory design. The purpose of this research is applied; The data collection method is hybrid. The type of research data, in the qualitative part, is theoretical study and deductive content analysis. In the quantitative part, the research is a descriptive survey with the questionnaire and the method is statistical. The statistical population of the study included experts and experts in technical and vocational education of education conservatories in Bushehr province, which according to the saturation principle, 47 people were selected. In this study, in accordance with the questions and objectives of the research, a closed-ended questionnaire with 53 questions 5-choice based on the Likert scale was developed. To determine the validity of the questionnaire, content and structural validity were used and the reliability of the questionnaire was calculated by taking into account Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 96.04 and combined reliability, which were confirmed. The method of data analysis in the qualitative part of the theoretical coding was derived from the concepts and principles of research. For set of the model, the method of deductive content analysis has been used. In the second level, statistical factor analysis method was used to validate the designed model.
Findings: The designed model has a good fit in terms of defined indicators. In other words, the collected data supports a theoretically developed model. The internal reliability of the model depends on the strength of the relationships between the variables or the degree of correlation and factor loadings between them.
Conclusion: The results of the study showed that since job search behavior is the driving point of education in successful countries in the field of technical and vocational curricula, designing a model of job behavior in the future is a necessity of technical and vocational skills training. The lack of a validated model of technical and vocational education, negligence in allocating the share of skills training in the education system and the lack of necessary skills in graduates of technical and vocational centers are the most important challenges in this area.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

Curriculum Design, Job Behavior Search, Entrepreneurship Training

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