شناسایی مؤلفه‌ها و تدوین مدل رهبری هوشمند مدیران مدارس

دوماهنامه علمی - پژوهشی رهیافتی نو در مدیریت آموزشی

مقاله 2، دوره 14، شماره 6 - شماره پیاپی 64، بهمن و اسفند 1402، صفحه 19-33   

نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.30495/jedu.2023.30681.6154

نویسندگان

محمد نظری¹؛ الهام کاویانی^{* 2}؛ سوسن لایی²؛ فرانک موسوی³

¹دانشجوی دکترای تخصصی مدیریت آموزشی، واحد کرمانشاه، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، کرمانشاه، ایران

²استادیار دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی، واحد کرمانشاه، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، کرمانشاه، ایران.

³دانشیار گروه مدیریت آموزشی، دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی، واحد کرمانشاه، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، کرمانشاه، ایران

تاریخ دریافت: 12 تیر 1401،  تاریخ بازنگری: 18 مهر 1401،  تاریخ پذیرش: 18 آبان 1401 

چکیده

مقدمه و هدف: رهبری در هر سازمانی‌ می‌تواند مهم‌ترین عامل در رشد یا مرگ یک سازمان باشد. جهان امروز جامعه‌ای دانش‌محور است که این امر لزوم انتخاب یک مدل مؤثر و مناسب رهبری متناسب با تغییرات و انجام اصلاحات آموزشی به‌خصوص در زمینه رهبری مدیران مدارس را نشان می‌دهد. لذا مطالعه حاضر با هدف شناسایی مؤلفه‌ها و تدوین مدل رهبری هوشمند مدیران مدارس انجام شده است.
روش شناسی پژوهش: این پژوهش از نظر هدف، کاربردی و از نظر نحوه گردآوری داده‌ها، توصیفی- تحلیلی است. تحقیق به صورت آمیخته (کیفی-کمی) انجام گرفته است. جامعه آماری تحقیق در مرحله کیفی را 23 نفر از خبرگان (خبرگان دانشگاهی و خبرگان سطوح مدیریتی آموزش و پرورش) تشکیل می‌دهد که به صورت هدفمند تا زمان اشباع نظری انتخاب شدند. جامعه آماری در مرحله کمی را 126 نفر از مدیران مدارس شهرستان ایلام تشکیل می‌دهد. این مطالعه با استفاده از فن دلفی طی سه مرحله به انجام رسید. ابزار گردآوری داده‌ها در بخش کیفی، مصاحبه و در بخش کمی پرسشنامه محقق ساخته عوامل مؤثر بر رهبری هوشمند مدیران مدارس با 66 گویه است. روایی ابزار به روش قضاوتی مورد تأیید قرار گرفت و ضریب آلفای کرونباخ برابر با 87/0 به دست آمد که نشان دهنده پایایی مناسب پرسشنامه بود.
یافته‌ها: مطابق یافته‌ها؛ 66 عامل تأثیرگذار استخراج شده و در قالب 20 شاخص فرعی و 5 شاخص اصلی رهبری استراتژیک، رهبری عملیاتی، رهبری تحول‌گرا، رهبری کاریزماتیک و رهبری معنوی- عاطفی دسته بندی شد.
نتیجه‌گیری: نتایج تحلیل عاملی تأییدی نشان داد که مدل تدوین شده رهبری هوشمند مدیران مدارس دارای اعتبار می‌باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

سبک رهبری؛ رهبری هوشمند؛ مدیران مدارس؛ فن دلفی

عنوان مقاله [English]

Identifying the Components and Developing an Intelligent Leadership Model for School Principals

نویسندگان [English]

mohammad nazari¹؛ Elham kaviani²؛ Susan laei²؛ faranak mosavi³

¹Ph.D. student, Department of Education Management, Islamic Azad University, Kermansha branch, Kermansha, Iran

²Assistant Prof, Department of Education Management, Faculty of Literature and Human Sciences, Kermansha University, Kermansha, Iran

³Associate Professor, Department of Educational Management, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Kermanshah Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, Iran

چکیده [English]

Introduction: Leadership, in any organization, can be the most important factor in the growth or death of an organization. The world, today is a knowledge-based society, which shows the need for choosing an effective and appropriate leadership model that is appropriate to the changes and educational reforms, especially in the field of school principals’ leadership. The aim of the present study was to develop an intelligent leadership model for school principals.
research methodology: The present study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of data collection. The research was conducted in a mixed-method (qualitative-quantitative) way. The statistical population of the research in the qualitative phase consists of 23 experts (academic experts and experts at the management levels of education) who were selected purposefully until theoretical saturation. The statistical population in the quantitative phase consists of 126 secondary school principals of Ilam County. This study was done using Delphi technique in three phases. The data collection tool in the qualitative part is interview and in the quantitative part is a researcher-made questionnaire on factors affecting the intelligent leadership of school principals with 66 items. The validity of the instrument was confirmed by judgmental method and Cronbach's alpha coefficient was equal to 0.87, which indicated the adequate reliability of the questionnaire.
Findings: According to the findings; 66 influential factors were extracted and classified into 20 sub-indicators and 5 main indicators of Strategic leadership, operational leadership, transformational leadership, charismatic leadership and spiritual-emotional leadership.
Conclusion The results of confirmatory factor analysis showed that the developed model of intelligent leadership of school principals is credible.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

leadership style, intelligent leadership, school principals, Delphi technique

مراجع

Al Sahi AL Zaabi, M. S., Ahmad, K. Z., & Hossan, C. (2016). Authentic leadership, work engagement and organizational citizenship behaviors in Petroleum Company. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, 65(6), 811-830.

Anastasiou S, Garametsi V. (2020). Teachers’ Views on the Priorities of Effective School Management. Journal of Educational and Social Research, 10(1), 1-10.

Bird, J. J., Chuang, W., Watson, J., & Murray, L. (2012). Teacher and principal perceptions of authentic leadership: Implications for trust, engagement, and intention to return. Journal of School Leadership, 22(3), 425-461

Burns , J.M. ( 1978 ) . " Leadership " . New York , NY : Haper & Row

Cheejang, S. (2009). Education leadership. Dusitthani Journal. 3(1), 48-59.

Coleman, M., & Bush, T. (2000). Leadership and strategic management in education. Leadership and Strategic Management in Education, 1-96.

Davari, A., & Rezazadeh, A. (2013). Structural equation modeling with PLS. Tehran: Jahad University, 215(2), 224. ]in persian[

Elder, T., & Jepsen, C. (2014). Are Catholic primary schools more effective than public primary schools? Journal of Urban Economics, 80, 28-38.

  Farahbakhsh ,S , Mohammadi,T (2014). Investigating the Relationship between Intelligent Leadership and Mental Health of Teachers with Adjustment of Job Stress Management in Second Secondary Schools of Khorramabad. Career and Organizational Counseling, 6(21). ]in persian[

Fornell, c. and Larcker, d.(1981); “evaluating structural equationModeling with unobserved variables and measurement error”;Journal of Marking Research,Vol.18, No.1, pp.39-50.

Hallinger , P., & Heck , R. (1998). Exploring the Principal's Contribution to
School Effectiveness 1980-1995. School Effectiveness and School
Improvement, 9(2), 157-191.

Hartnell, C. A., Kinicki, A. J., Schurer Lambert, L., Fugate, M., & Doyle Corner, P. (2016). Do Similarities or Differences Between CEO Leadership and Organizational Culture Have a More Positive Effect on Firm Performance? A Test of Competing Predictions, Journal of Applied, Psychology, 101(6), 846.

Heckemann‌ B, Jos M.G.A, Ruud J.G., (2015). A reflective framework to foster emotionally intelligent leadership in nursing. Journal of Nursing Management , 23(6), 744-753.

Hopkins, D. (2011). Instructional Leadership And School Improvement: National College For School Leadership (Ncsl).

Hosseini, F., Rayej, H., Estiri, M., & SHARIFI, S. M. (2010). A survey on Relationship between Organizational Culture & TFL and LMX Leadership Styles. ]in persian[

Juito,S. (2009). Vision and strategies of modernized leaders. Nontanuri: Sukothai Thammatirat University.

Keikha, A. (2017). Identify the Intelligent Leadership Components for Universities. Research on Educational Leadership and Management, 4(13), 85-108.]in persian[

Khalili Nejad, Mustafa. (2013). The Relationship between Transformational Leadership and Organizational Citizenship Behavior among Elementary Teachers in Kashan, M.Sc. Thesis, University of Tehran.]in persian[

Koražija, M., Šarotar Žižek, S., & Mumel, D. (2016). The relationship between spiritual intelligence and work satisfaction among leaders and employees. Our Economy (Nase Gospodarstvo), 62(2), 51-60.

Lang J.C, (2019). Teaching Leadership Better: A Framework for Developing Contextually-Intelligent Leadership. Creative Education, 10(2), 443-463.

Laub, J. (2003). From paternalism to the servant organization: Expanding the Organizational Leadership Assessment (OLA) model. In Proceedings of the Servant Leadership Research Roundtable

Marishane Ramodikoe Nylon, Mampane Sharon Thabo. (2019).  Contextually Intelligent Leadership for Improving Schools Across Different Contexts and Regions. Predictive Models for School Leadership and Practices. 53(1), 43-58.

Milton, J., Soares, L., Pasa, C., & Farache, F. (2014). Strategic Corporate Social Responsibility Management For Competitive Advantage. Brazilian Administration Review, 294-309.

Mirkamali, s. m., & choupani, h. (2011). an investigation of the relationship between transformational leadership and organizational innovation in insurance company. ]in persian[

Moghali, A. R. (2002). Designing Transformational Leadership Model in Iranian Administrative Organizations, Management Knowledge, vol. 62. ]in persian[

Moradi Moghadam, M., Jafari, S., & Navigable, S. M. (2018). The structural Relationship of Authentic Leadership on work engagement and positive organizational behavior of teachers. The Journal of Modern Thoughts in Education, 13(1), 61-79. ]in persian[

Niculescu, R. M., & Norel, M. (2013). Religious Education an Important Dimension of Human's Education. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 93, 338-342.

Noor Alizadeh, Rahman, Hajivand, Ali. (2008). Intelligent Leadership (New Leadership Model for Smart Organizations). Journal of Police Organizational Development, 5 (19), 117-126.]in persian[

Peterlin, J., Dimovski, V., & Penger, S. (2013). Creation of sustainable leadership development: Conceptual model validation. Managing Global Transitions: International Research Journal, 11(2), 201-216.

Rahimian, H. (2016). A study of the effectiveness of Allameh High and Middle Schools in Tehran, based on the “Effective Schools" framework. Quarterly Research on Educatinal Leadership & Management, 2(8), 51-69. . ]in persian[

Rodriguez, P., Uhlenbruck, K. and Eden, L. (2005), “Government corruption and the entry strategies of multinationals”, Academy of Management Review, Vol. 30 No. 2, pp. 383-96.

Shafiee, Z., & Fazlollahi Ghomshi, S. (2019). Relationship of knowledge management and intelligent leadership with the organizational learning. New Approach in Educational Sciences, 1(1), 19-31. ]in persian[

Shatalebi, B., & Shamsi, A. (2012). An investigation of the effective factors in increasing the quality of instruction in technical schools workshops from the view point of students and teachers. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 31, 105-109.

Sydanmaanlakka, P. (2008) Intelligent leadership and creativity:Supporting creativity through intelligent leadership, An International Conference on CREATIVITY AND INNOVATION MANAGEMENT Integrating Inquiry and Action ,The 2nd community meeting, May 28-30 2008, Buffalo, New York. 

Tavousi, Alireza and Fazl Elahi, Saifullah, )2014(, The relationship between intelligent leadership and teaching organizations in education in Qom province, the first national conference on research and development in the third millennium, Aliabad].in persian[

Tusi, A., Sanjari, A., Qayyumi, A., & Ahadi, P. (2020). Providing an intelligent leadership model for the central organization of Islamic Azad University. Journal of Educational Leadership and Management, 14 (1), 1-19. ]in persian[

Viskupičova Helena. (2016)‌. Emotionally intelligent leadership as a key determinant of strategic and effective management of human capital. Journal of HUmAN rESOUrCE mANAGEmENT, vol. XIX, no. 1

Wagner, T. (2008). The global achievement gap: Why even our best schools don’t teach the new survival skills our children need – and what we can do about it. New York: Basic Book.

Watson Michael, Kuofie Matthew, Dool Richard. (2018). Relationship between Spiritually Intelligent Leadership and Employee Engagement. Journal of Marketing and Management, 9 (2), 1-24,

Wongkiatkajorn,P. (2010). Modernized administrative leaders. Bangkok: Panyachon.

Yammarino, F. J., Dionne, S. D., Schriesheim, C. A., & Dansereau, F. (2008). Authentic leadership and positive organizational behavior: A meso, multi-level perspective. The Leadership Quarterly, 19(6), 693-707.

Yilmaz, S., & Ergun, M. (2012). Effective Directorship Behaviors of School Administrator in Terms of Teacher Perception. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 46, 2237-2241.

Zeinivand, Z., Shiri, A., & Abbaspour, H. (2021). Investigating The Impact of Intelligent Leadership on Organizational citizenship Behavior of Teachers and Female Staffs of Dare Shahr and Abdanan Girls' Schools. Quarterly Journal of Women and Society, 12(47), 85-100.‏